油田采油生产经营一体化管理模式研究
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摘要
伴随着我国与世界经济一体化进程进一步加快,油田企业受国家保护的程度越来越小,参与国际市场竞争的力度进一步加大,加上金融危机、油价下跌使得石油企业亟需降本增效,走低成本发展道路。
在这种大环境下,各油田采油厂都肩负着既要完成油田公司下达的高产量任务,又要努力节约控制成本,提升整体效益和竞争力的双重重任。本文通过对油田采油实际生产经营状况的研究,发现由于历史的和国经济体制的原因,长期以来采油厂内部存在生产与经营两条线的现实状况,在这种情况下采油厂要想实现肩负的双重重任是极其困难的。因此,本文运用国内外一体化管理、过程管理、流程化、标准化等相关的有效成本管理理论,吸收成熟经营管理体系的优点,提出一整套以适应油田采油实际情况、兼容标准化流程管理、作业标准成本管理及绩效考核管理体系为核心的生产经营一体化管理的创新模式,并推出了一系列的保障措施。
在深入进行理论研究的基础上,本文针对油田采油生产经营的特点,首先在规范基于生产过程控制的业务流程管理中,从规范标准化业务流程和建立生产监控体系两个方面具体阐述了其基本做法和管理内容,为生产经营一体化管理模式的有效实施提供了基础保证;其次,在作业标准成本管理系统部分,从作业标准成本的制作过程和确定方法,到标准成本管理体系的建立过程都予以了详细的论述;再次,在绩效考核管理体系中,分别对采油厂绩效考核的原则和方法及具体实施过程进行了论述。并且本文分别从统一思想,全员参与、调整组织结构设置、建立油田采油生产经营管理的长效机制、加大内部控制监督力度和坚持管理和技术的不断创新等五方面提出了保障措施,为生产经营一体化管理的有效实施起到极大地保障和促进作用。
油田采油生产经营一体化管理创新模式的提出进一步地促进生产与经营的有效结合,使采油厂的经营管理实现标准化,生产经营反馈更为及时、准确,经营管理体系运行更为顺畅,企业风险得到规避,过程有效受控运行,各系统紧密衔接;使职工做到行为有据可依,操作更加规范,工作目标明确、工作思路清晰、思想观念大大改变、思想技术素质大大提高,由被动执行转向主动工作,充分地体现了精细化、科学化特色的管理体系,变事后控制为预先控制和成本发生过程的控制,实现了系统、全面、持续、高效、标准化的经营管理,保障了企业低成本战略的逐步实现,对进一步提升采油厂乃至油田企业的整体实力具有重要的现实意义。
Along with the process of economic integration is further accelerated between China and the world, the level of protection by the state the Oil Production Plant is come under is smaller, effers of participating in international market competition further increases, the Oil Production Plant much cut down the cost to increase the benefits, take the development road of the low cost coupled with the financial crisis, and falling of the oil prices.
Under this environment, the oil Production plants must shoulder both the the high-yield Production task assigned by the oil companies and also to save cost and improve the overall efficiency and competitiveness. In this paper, the actual production of oil extraction plant operating conditions of the study found that due to historical reasons and national economic system, a long time, oil production plant production and operation that exist within the reality of two lines. In this case, it is extremely difficult to achieve shoulder the dual task for oil production plant. So, this paper puts forward integrated management of production and operation model innovation, following the implementation of the "node innovation, system optimization, level interaction, vertical and horizontal links, overall growth and harmonious development" integrated management in the Oil Production Plant. The core of the Integrated management of production and operation model innovation are the standard process management that accords with actual condition of the Oil Production Plant, the standard cost management based on activity flow, and supporting the performance appraisal system. It also launches a series of safeguards.
Based on studying the basic theories in depth, this paper first expounds basic practices and content of management from two aspects of setting up standardization of business processes and production monitoring system in the part of business process management based on the production process control specifically, and in regulating the standardization of business processes, propose normative standards from two angles of standard operate business processes and business processes of cost items. It provides a basic guarantee for the effective implementation of the integrated management mode of production and operation; Secondly, in the part of producting the standard cost management system based on activity flow, from the manufacturing process and determining the methods of the standard cost based on the activity flow, to the establishment processes of the standard cost management system are to be discussed in detail, and it analyzes and sums up the specific effect of the implementation to business process management based on the production process control and producting the standard cost management system based on activity flow; thirdly, in the implementation of the performance appraisal system, this paper analyzes the principles and methods of performance appraisal, and the specific implementation of the process of performance appraisal respectively; Finally, the paper proposes safeguards from five areas, such as the unity of thinking, full participation, adjusting to set up the organizational structure, establishment a long-term cost management mechanisms in oil production plants, increasing the supervision of the internal control and adhering to management and technology innovation, etc. They play a great role in the protection and promotion for the effective implementation of the integration management of production and operation.
Bringing forward the integrated management of production and operation model innovation in the Oil Production Plant further promotes the effective integration of production and operation, so that the Oil Production Plant realizes standardize management, feedbacks of production and operation are more timely and accurate, and operation management system run more smoothly, enterprise risk is controlled, the processes run effectively, and the system is tightly linked. This system enables workers to do acts of evidence-based, operate more standard, so that they work well-targeted, work with clear ideas, and ideas have changed considerably and the quality of thinking of technology improved greatly, to initiative to word from passive implementation, fully embodies management system of the fining and scientific characteristics. It varies after controlling for pre-control and cost control of the process, achieves a systematic, comprehensive, continuous, efficient, standardized operation and management, protects the progressive realization of low cost strategy for the enterprise, and has an important practical significance for further enhancing the overall strength of the Oil Production Plant.
在这种大环境下,各油田采油厂都肩负着既要完成油田公司下达的高产量任务,又要努力节约控制成本,提升整体效益和竞争力的双重重任。本文通过对油田采油实际生产经营状况的研究,发现由于历史的和国经济体制的原因,长期以来采油厂内部存在生产与经营两条线的现实状况,在这种情况下采油厂要想实现肩负的双重重任是极其困难的。因此,本文运用国内外一体化管理、过程管理、流程化、标准化等相关的有效成本管理理论,吸收成熟经营管理体系的优点,提出一整套以适应油田采油实际情况、兼容标准化流程管理、作业标准成本管理及绩效考核管理体系为核心的生产经营一体化管理的创新模式,并推出了一系列的保障措施。
在深入进行理论研究的基础上,本文针对油田采油生产经营的特点,首先在规范基于生产过程控制的业务流程管理中,从规范标准化业务流程和建立生产监控体系两个方面具体阐述了其基本做法和管理内容,为生产经营一体化管理模式的有效实施提供了基础保证;其次,在作业标准成本管理系统部分,从作业标准成本的制作过程和确定方法,到标准成本管理体系的建立过程都予以了详细的论述;再次,在绩效考核管理体系中,分别对采油厂绩效考核的原则和方法及具体实施过程进行了论述。并且本文分别从统一思想,全员参与、调整组织结构设置、建立油田采油生产经营管理的长效机制、加大内部控制监督力度和坚持管理和技术的不断创新等五方面提出了保障措施,为生产经营一体化管理的有效实施起到极大地保障和促进作用。
油田采油生产经营一体化管理创新模式的提出进一步地促进生产与经营的有效结合,使采油厂的经营管理实现标准化,生产经营反馈更为及时、准确,经营管理体系运行更为顺畅,企业风险得到规避,过程有效受控运行,各系统紧密衔接;使职工做到行为有据可依,操作更加规范,工作目标明确、工作思路清晰、思想观念大大改变、思想技术素质大大提高,由被动执行转向主动工作,充分地体现了精细化、科学化特色的管理体系,变事后控制为预先控制和成本发生过程的控制,实现了系统、全面、持续、高效、标准化的经营管理,保障了企业低成本战略的逐步实现,对进一步提升采油厂乃至油田企业的整体实力具有重要的现实意义。
Along with the process of economic integration is further accelerated between China and the world, the level of protection by the state the Oil Production Plant is come under is smaller, effers of participating in international market competition further increases, the Oil Production Plant much cut down the cost to increase the benefits, take the development road of the low cost coupled with the financial crisis, and falling of the oil prices.
Under this environment, the oil Production plants must shoulder both the the high-yield Production task assigned by the oil companies and also to save cost and improve the overall efficiency and competitiveness. In this paper, the actual production of oil extraction plant operating conditions of the study found that due to historical reasons and national economic system, a long time, oil production plant production and operation that exist within the reality of two lines. In this case, it is extremely difficult to achieve shoulder the dual task for oil production plant. So, this paper puts forward integrated management of production and operation model innovation, following the implementation of the "node innovation, system optimization, level interaction, vertical and horizontal links, overall growth and harmonious development" integrated management in the Oil Production Plant. The core of the Integrated management of production and operation model innovation are the standard process management that accords with actual condition of the Oil Production Plant, the standard cost management based on activity flow, and supporting the performance appraisal system. It also launches a series of safeguards.
Based on studying the basic theories in depth, this paper first expounds basic practices and content of management from two aspects of setting up standardization of business processes and production monitoring system in the part of business process management based on the production process control specifically, and in regulating the standardization of business processes, propose normative standards from two angles of standard operate business processes and business processes of cost items. It provides a basic guarantee for the effective implementation of the integrated management mode of production and operation; Secondly, in the part of producting the standard cost management system based on activity flow, from the manufacturing process and determining the methods of the standard cost based on the activity flow, to the establishment processes of the standard cost management system are to be discussed in detail, and it analyzes and sums up the specific effect of the implementation to business process management based on the production process control and producting the standard cost management system based on activity flow; thirdly, in the implementation of the performance appraisal system, this paper analyzes the principles and methods of performance appraisal, and the specific implementation of the process of performance appraisal respectively; Finally, the paper proposes safeguards from five areas, such as the unity of thinking, full participation, adjusting to set up the organizational structure, establishment a long-term cost management mechanisms in oil production plants, increasing the supervision of the internal control and adhering to management and technology innovation, etc. They play a great role in the protection and promotion for the effective implementation of the integration management of production and operation.
Bringing forward the integrated management of production and operation model innovation in the Oil Production Plant further promotes the effective integration of production and operation, so that the Oil Production Plant realizes standardize management, feedbacks of production and operation are more timely and accurate, and operation management system run more smoothly, enterprise risk is controlled, the processes run effectively, and the system is tightly linked. This system enables workers to do acts of evidence-based, operate more standard, so that they work well-targeted, work with clear ideas, and ideas have changed considerably and the quality of thinking of technology improved greatly, to initiative to word from passive implementation, fully embodies management system of the fining and scientific characteristics. It varies after controlling for pre-control and cost control of the process, achieves a systematic, comprehensive, continuous, efficient, standardized operation and management, protects the progressive realization of low cost strategy for the enterprise, and has an important practical significance for further enhancing the overall strength of the Oil Production Plant.
引文
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