牡丹江烟区不同基因型烤烟烟叶质量特征与可用性研究
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摘要
本文在牡丹江生态条件下以9个烤烟品种为研究对象,分析了不同基因型烤烟烟叶的外观质量、物理特性、化学成分、中性致香物质、感官质量以及不同烤烟品种的经济性状情况;研究了不同基因型烤烟烟叶与津巴布韦优质烤烟烟叶的相似性;并建立了质量评价模型,对不同烤烟品种进行综合评判。主要结论如下:
1、不同基因型烤烟烟叶的外观质量存在差异。Y8303和CF202的烟叶外观质量较好,颜色桔黄,叶片光泽较强,油分多,结构疏松;温德尔、吉烟9号和9625的烟叶外观质量则相对较差。
2、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶的物理特性进行分析,结果表明,下部叶,以龙江911、NC89、9625和吉烟9号的物理特性较好,温德尔、LJ237和CF202相对较差;中部叶,以龙江911、LJ237和9625的物理特性较好,7581的物理特性较差;上部叶,以龙江911、吉烟9号和9625的物理特性较好,NC89和7581的物理特性较差。
物理特性的聚类分析结果表明,CF202和9625的物理特性较为接近,这一类型的烟叶叶片较薄,叶质重轻,抗张力小,平衡含水率低;龙江911、7581、温德尔和吉烟9号的物理特性较为接近,这一类型的烟叶长宽比协调,叶质重重,平衡含水率较高;NC89、LJ237和Y8303物理特性较为接近,这一类型的烟叶填充值高,含梗率相对较高。
3、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶的化学成分进行分析,结果表明,下部叶,NC89、7581和9625的化学成分较为协调,龙江911和吉烟9号较差;中部叶,LJ237、9625、Y8303和NC89的化学成分较为协调,吉烟9号最差;上部叶中,龙江911和7581的化学成分较为协调, NC89、吉烟9号、温德尔和9625相对较差。不同部位间相比较,上部叶>中部叶>下部叶。
化学成分的聚类分析结果表明,LJ237和7581的化学成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶还原糖、钾、氯含量适宜,化学成分最为协调;CF202、NC89、龙江911和Y8303的化学成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶总氮、氯含量较高,淀粉含量较低;吉烟9号、9625和温德尔的化学成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶化学成分相对较差。
4、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶香气成分进行分析,结果表明,不同基因型烤烟烟叶中致香物质含量差异很大,同一基因型不同部位间也有差异。综合分析认为,CF202、NC89、Y8303和温德尔在牡丹江地区种植烟叶总体香气质量较好,其它烤烟品种较差。
不同基因型烤烟烟叶的香气成分的聚类分析结果表明,温德尔、Y8303、龙江911、NC89和CF202的香气成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶类胡萝卜素类、棕色化产物类、新植二烯和香气物质总量含量较高;吉烟9号、9625和LJ237的香气成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶类西柏烷类香气物质含量较高。
5、对不同烤烟品种的经济性状进行分析,结果表明,产量以9625和7581较高, NC89的产量最低。均价以9625为最高,龙江911、NC89的均价较低。上等烟比例以吉烟9号最高,龙江911和LJ237的上等烟比例较低。
6、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶感官评吸质量进行分析,结果表明,下部叶,9625、7581、Y8303和CF202的总体评吸质量相对较好,吉烟9号和NC89相对较差;中部叶,温德尔、9625和7581的总体评吸质量相对较好,龙江911、吉烟9号和LJ237相对较差;上部叶,Y8303、龙江911和9625的总体评吸质量相对较好,NC89和吉烟9号相对较差。
感官评吸质量的聚类分析结果表明,9625、7581和Y8303的感官评吸质量较为接近,且感官评吸质量相对较好;温德尔和CF202的感官评吸质量较为接近,感官评吸质量次之;龙江911、NC89、吉烟9号和LJ237的感官评吸质量较为接近,且感官评吸质量相对较差。
7、将不同基因型烤烟烟叶与津巴布韦优质烤烟烟叶的化学成分进行相似性分析,结果表明,下部叶,NC89、LJ237和9625与津巴布韦烤烟的下部叶化学成分最为相似;中部叶,LJ237与津巴布韦烤烟的中部叶化学成分最为相似;上部叶,龙江911、NC89和7581与津巴布韦烤烟的上部叶化学成分最为相似。
将不同基因型烤烟烟叶和津巴布韦优质烤烟烟叶的香气成分进行相似性分析,结果表明,上部叶,CF202和NC89与津巴布韦烤烟的上部叶香气成分最为相似;中部叶,NC89、温德尔和Y8303与津巴布韦烤烟的中部叶香气成分最为相似。
8、采用量化方法对不同基因型烤烟烟叶质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,9个基因型烤烟烟叶的综合品质指数由高到低的顺序依次为:Y8303>9625>CF202>7581>LJ237>龙江911>温德尔>NC89>吉烟9号。
采用聚类分析法对不同基因型烤烟烟叶的综合品质指数进行分析,结果表明,Y8303、CF202、NC89、龙江911和LJ237的综合品质较为接近,这一类型的烟叶外观质量较好,化学成分协调;9625单独为一类,这一类型的烟叶物理特性和感官评吸质量较好,综合质量较高;温德尔和7581的综合品质较为接近,这一类型的烟叶各个品质指标指数在4种类型中均处于中间值;吉烟9号单独为一类,这一类型的烟叶综合品质最差。
On the basis of nine tobacco cultivars in Mudanjiang ecological conditions. The flue-cured tobacco genotypes leaves of the appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components, neutral aroma constituent, sensory quality and economic characters of different flue-cured tobacco were analyzed; Similarity analysis of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes leaves from Mudanjiang and high-quality tobacco leaves of Zimbabwei, And the establishment of a quality evaluation model of comprehensive evaluation of different flue-cured tobacco. The results was followed:
1.The appearance quality of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were different. Y8303 and CF202 of good appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco , color orange, glossy leaves strong ,good oil and more loose structure; Wendell, Jiyan 9 and 9625 appearance quality tobacco were relatively poor.
2. Physical characteristics of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were analyzed, the results show that the lower leaves of Longjiang 911, NC89, 9625 and Jiyan 9 better physical characteristics, Wendell, LJ237 and CF202 relatively poor; middle leaves Longjiang 911, LJ237, and 9625 better physical characteristics, 7581 less the physical characteristics; upper leaves, Longjiang 911, Jiyan 9 and 9625 better physical characteristics, NC89 and 7581 poor physical characteristics.
Physical characteristics of cluster analysis showed that, CF202 and 9625 of the physical characteristics were closer. this type of tobacco leaves thin leaf, leaf specific weight light, resistance to tension and balance the moisture content was low; Longjiang 911, 7581, Wendell and Jiyan 9 of the physical characteristics were more close, the coordination of this type of leaf length to width ratio of leaf material, leaf specific weight heavy, balance the moisture content was higher. NC89, LJ237 and Y8303 physical characteristics were closer, this type of tobacco filling power was high, stems ratio were higher.
3. Tchemical composition of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were analyzed, the results show that the lower leaves, NC89, 7581 and 9625 of the chemical composition was more coordination, Longjiang 911 and Jiyan 9 less; middle leaves, LJ237, 9625, Y8303, and NC89 of the chemical composition more compatible, Jiyan 9 worst; upper leaves, Longjiang 911 and 7581 of the chemical composition of the more coordination, NC89, Jiyan 9, 9625 and Wendell lower scores. different parts compared, the upper leaves >middle leaves >the lower leaves.
Chemical composition of the cluster analysis showed that, LJ237 and 7581 were closer to the chemical composition, this type of leaf reducing sugar, potassium and chlorine content suitable, chemical components of most coordination; CF202, NC89, Longjiang 911 and Y8303 of the chemical composition were close, this type of total nitrogen and chlorine content were higher, low starch content; Jiyan 9, 9625 and Wendell was closer to the chemical composition, these relatively poor chemical composition of tobacco leaves.
4.Contents of aroma constituents of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were analyzed,the results showed that there were significant difference among different tobacco genotypes,and there were difference among different parts of the same tobacco genotypes. Comprehensive analysis, contents of aroma constituents of CF202, NC89, Y8303, and Wendell were good in Mudanjiang ecological conditions, other tobacco species were poor.
Aroma constituents of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes of cluster analysis showed that aroma constituents of Wendell, Y8303, Longjiang 911, NC89 and CF202 were close, this type of leaf carotenoids, Browning reaction, neophytadiene and total content of aromatic constituents were high; Aroma constituents of Jiyan 9, 9625, and LJ237 were close, the content of aroma constituents of cembratriendid of this type tobacco was higher.
5. Economic characteristics of different flue-cured tobacco was analyzed. The results show that the higher yield of 9625 and 7581, NC89 the lowest yield. The highest average price in 9625, Longjiang 911, NC89 lowest average price. The proportion of superior tobacco on the Jiyan9 was highest, Longjiang 911 and LJ237 lowest .
6.Sensory quality of different flue-cured tobacco was analyzed.The results showed that the lower leaves, overall sensory quality of 9625、7581、Y8303 and CF202 was good,Jiyan 9 and NC89 relatively poor;middle leaves, overall sensory quality of Wendell,9625 and 7581 was good, Longjiang 911, Jiyan 9 and LJ237 relatively poor;upper leaves, overall sensory quality of Y8303, Longjiang 911 and 9625 was good, NC89 and Jiyan 9 relatively poor.
Sensory quality of cluster analysis showed that sensory quality of 9625,7581, and Y8303 was close, and the relatively good smoking quality; Wendell and CF202 in smoking quality was closer, and smoking quality second; sensory quality of Longjiang 911, NC89, Jiyan 9 and LJ237 was close, and the relatively poor quality of sensory smoking.
7. The similarity analysis of chemical components between flue-cured tobacco leaves and Zimbabwei leaves, the results showed that lower leaves, NC89, LJ237, and 9625 with the lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Zimbabwe was most similar to the chemical composition; middle leaf, LJ237 and Zimbabwe chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was most similar; upper leaves, Longjiang 911, NC89 and 7581 and the Zimbabwe Tobacco chemistry components was most similar.
The similarity analysis of aroma constituents between flue-cured tobacco leaves and Zimbabwei leaves, the results showed that the upper leaves, CF202 and NC89 with Zimbabwe was most similar; middle leaves, NC89, Wendell, and Y8303 with Zimbabwe was most similar.
8.Using quantitative methods the quality of flue-cured tobacco was evaluated. The results showed that the integrated quality index of nine flue-cured tobacco genotypes from high to low was Y8303,9625,CF202, 7581, LJ237, Longjiang 911, Wendell, NC89, Jiyan 9.
Comprehensive quality of Y8303, CF202, NC89, Longjiang 911 and LJ237 was relatively close, the appearance quality of this type was better, chemical components of better coordination; 9625 alone as a class, this type of physical characteristics and sensory quality was good, comprehensive quality high; Wendell and 7581 are closer to the comprehensive quality. This type of leaf tobacco each quality target index was in the intermediate quantity in 4 types; Jiyan 9 alone as a class, the comprehensive quality of this type was worst.
1、不同基因型烤烟烟叶的外观质量存在差异。Y8303和CF202的烟叶外观质量较好,颜色桔黄,叶片光泽较强,油分多,结构疏松;温德尔、吉烟9号和9625的烟叶外观质量则相对较差。
2、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶的物理特性进行分析,结果表明,下部叶,以龙江911、NC89、9625和吉烟9号的物理特性较好,温德尔、LJ237和CF202相对较差;中部叶,以龙江911、LJ237和9625的物理特性较好,7581的物理特性较差;上部叶,以龙江911、吉烟9号和9625的物理特性较好,NC89和7581的物理特性较差。
物理特性的聚类分析结果表明,CF202和9625的物理特性较为接近,这一类型的烟叶叶片较薄,叶质重轻,抗张力小,平衡含水率低;龙江911、7581、温德尔和吉烟9号的物理特性较为接近,这一类型的烟叶长宽比协调,叶质重重,平衡含水率较高;NC89、LJ237和Y8303物理特性较为接近,这一类型的烟叶填充值高,含梗率相对较高。
3、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶的化学成分进行分析,结果表明,下部叶,NC89、7581和9625的化学成分较为协调,龙江911和吉烟9号较差;中部叶,LJ237、9625、Y8303和NC89的化学成分较为协调,吉烟9号最差;上部叶中,龙江911和7581的化学成分较为协调, NC89、吉烟9号、温德尔和9625相对较差。不同部位间相比较,上部叶>中部叶>下部叶。
化学成分的聚类分析结果表明,LJ237和7581的化学成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶还原糖、钾、氯含量适宜,化学成分最为协调;CF202、NC89、龙江911和Y8303的化学成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶总氮、氯含量较高,淀粉含量较低;吉烟9号、9625和温德尔的化学成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶化学成分相对较差。
4、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶香气成分进行分析,结果表明,不同基因型烤烟烟叶中致香物质含量差异很大,同一基因型不同部位间也有差异。综合分析认为,CF202、NC89、Y8303和温德尔在牡丹江地区种植烟叶总体香气质量较好,其它烤烟品种较差。
不同基因型烤烟烟叶的香气成分的聚类分析结果表明,温德尔、Y8303、龙江911、NC89和CF202的香气成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶类胡萝卜素类、棕色化产物类、新植二烯和香气物质总量含量较高;吉烟9号、9625和LJ237的香气成分较为接近,这一类型的烟叶类西柏烷类香气物质含量较高。
5、对不同烤烟品种的经济性状进行分析,结果表明,产量以9625和7581较高, NC89的产量最低。均价以9625为最高,龙江911、NC89的均价较低。上等烟比例以吉烟9号最高,龙江911和LJ237的上等烟比例较低。
6、对不同基因型烤烟烟叶感官评吸质量进行分析,结果表明,下部叶,9625、7581、Y8303和CF202的总体评吸质量相对较好,吉烟9号和NC89相对较差;中部叶,温德尔、9625和7581的总体评吸质量相对较好,龙江911、吉烟9号和LJ237相对较差;上部叶,Y8303、龙江911和9625的总体评吸质量相对较好,NC89和吉烟9号相对较差。
感官评吸质量的聚类分析结果表明,9625、7581和Y8303的感官评吸质量较为接近,且感官评吸质量相对较好;温德尔和CF202的感官评吸质量较为接近,感官评吸质量次之;龙江911、NC89、吉烟9号和LJ237的感官评吸质量较为接近,且感官评吸质量相对较差。
7、将不同基因型烤烟烟叶与津巴布韦优质烤烟烟叶的化学成分进行相似性分析,结果表明,下部叶,NC89、LJ237和9625与津巴布韦烤烟的下部叶化学成分最为相似;中部叶,LJ237与津巴布韦烤烟的中部叶化学成分最为相似;上部叶,龙江911、NC89和7581与津巴布韦烤烟的上部叶化学成分最为相似。
将不同基因型烤烟烟叶和津巴布韦优质烤烟烟叶的香气成分进行相似性分析,结果表明,上部叶,CF202和NC89与津巴布韦烤烟的上部叶香气成分最为相似;中部叶,NC89、温德尔和Y8303与津巴布韦烤烟的中部叶香气成分最为相似。
8、采用量化方法对不同基因型烤烟烟叶质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,9个基因型烤烟烟叶的综合品质指数由高到低的顺序依次为:Y8303>9625>CF202>7581>LJ237>龙江911>温德尔>NC89>吉烟9号。
采用聚类分析法对不同基因型烤烟烟叶的综合品质指数进行分析,结果表明,Y8303、CF202、NC89、龙江911和LJ237的综合品质较为接近,这一类型的烟叶外观质量较好,化学成分协调;9625单独为一类,这一类型的烟叶物理特性和感官评吸质量较好,综合质量较高;温德尔和7581的综合品质较为接近,这一类型的烟叶各个品质指标指数在4种类型中均处于中间值;吉烟9号单独为一类,这一类型的烟叶综合品质最差。
On the basis of nine tobacco cultivars in Mudanjiang ecological conditions. The flue-cured tobacco genotypes leaves of the appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components, neutral aroma constituent, sensory quality and economic characters of different flue-cured tobacco were analyzed; Similarity analysis of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes leaves from Mudanjiang and high-quality tobacco leaves of Zimbabwei, And the establishment of a quality evaluation model of comprehensive evaluation of different flue-cured tobacco. The results was followed:
1.The appearance quality of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were different. Y8303 and CF202 of good appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco , color orange, glossy leaves strong ,good oil and more loose structure; Wendell, Jiyan 9 and 9625 appearance quality tobacco were relatively poor.
2. Physical characteristics of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were analyzed, the results show that the lower leaves of Longjiang 911, NC89, 9625 and Jiyan 9 better physical characteristics, Wendell, LJ237 and CF202 relatively poor; middle leaves Longjiang 911, LJ237, and 9625 better physical characteristics, 7581 less the physical characteristics; upper leaves, Longjiang 911, Jiyan 9 and 9625 better physical characteristics, NC89 and 7581 poor physical characteristics.
Physical characteristics of cluster analysis showed that, CF202 and 9625 of the physical characteristics were closer. this type of tobacco leaves thin leaf, leaf specific weight light, resistance to tension and balance the moisture content was low; Longjiang 911, 7581, Wendell and Jiyan 9 of the physical characteristics were more close, the coordination of this type of leaf length to width ratio of leaf material, leaf specific weight heavy, balance the moisture content was higher. NC89, LJ237 and Y8303 physical characteristics were closer, this type of tobacco filling power was high, stems ratio were higher.
3. Tchemical composition of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were analyzed, the results show that the lower leaves, NC89, 7581 and 9625 of the chemical composition was more coordination, Longjiang 911 and Jiyan 9 less; middle leaves, LJ237, 9625, Y8303, and NC89 of the chemical composition more compatible, Jiyan 9 worst; upper leaves, Longjiang 911 and 7581 of the chemical composition of the more coordination, NC89, Jiyan 9, 9625 and Wendell lower scores. different parts compared, the upper leaves >middle leaves >the lower leaves.
Chemical composition of the cluster analysis showed that, LJ237 and 7581 were closer to the chemical composition, this type of leaf reducing sugar, potassium and chlorine content suitable, chemical components of most coordination; CF202, NC89, Longjiang 911 and Y8303 of the chemical composition were close, this type of total nitrogen and chlorine content were higher, low starch content; Jiyan 9, 9625 and Wendell was closer to the chemical composition, these relatively poor chemical composition of tobacco leaves.
4.Contents of aroma constituents of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes were analyzed,the results showed that there were significant difference among different tobacco genotypes,and there were difference among different parts of the same tobacco genotypes. Comprehensive analysis, contents of aroma constituents of CF202, NC89, Y8303, and Wendell were good in Mudanjiang ecological conditions, other tobacco species were poor.
Aroma constituents of different flue-cured tobacco genotypes of cluster analysis showed that aroma constituents of Wendell, Y8303, Longjiang 911, NC89 and CF202 were close, this type of leaf carotenoids, Browning reaction, neophytadiene and total content of aromatic constituents were high; Aroma constituents of Jiyan 9, 9625, and LJ237 were close, the content of aroma constituents of cembratriendid of this type tobacco was higher.
5. Economic characteristics of different flue-cured tobacco was analyzed. The results show that the higher yield of 9625 and 7581, NC89 the lowest yield. The highest average price in 9625, Longjiang 911, NC89 lowest average price. The proportion of superior tobacco on the Jiyan9 was highest, Longjiang 911 and LJ237 lowest .
6.Sensory quality of different flue-cured tobacco was analyzed.The results showed that the lower leaves, overall sensory quality of 9625、7581、Y8303 and CF202 was good,Jiyan 9 and NC89 relatively poor;middle leaves, overall sensory quality of Wendell,9625 and 7581 was good, Longjiang 911, Jiyan 9 and LJ237 relatively poor;upper leaves, overall sensory quality of Y8303, Longjiang 911 and 9625 was good, NC89 and Jiyan 9 relatively poor.
Sensory quality of cluster analysis showed that sensory quality of 9625,7581, and Y8303 was close, and the relatively good smoking quality; Wendell and CF202 in smoking quality was closer, and smoking quality second; sensory quality of Longjiang 911, NC89, Jiyan 9 and LJ237 was close, and the relatively poor quality of sensory smoking.
7. The similarity analysis of chemical components between flue-cured tobacco leaves and Zimbabwei leaves, the results showed that lower leaves, NC89, LJ237, and 9625 with the lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Zimbabwe was most similar to the chemical composition; middle leaf, LJ237 and Zimbabwe chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was most similar; upper leaves, Longjiang 911, NC89 and 7581 and the Zimbabwe Tobacco chemistry components was most similar.
The similarity analysis of aroma constituents between flue-cured tobacco leaves and Zimbabwei leaves, the results showed that the upper leaves, CF202 and NC89 with Zimbabwe was most similar; middle leaves, NC89, Wendell, and Y8303 with Zimbabwe was most similar.
8.Using quantitative methods the quality of flue-cured tobacco was evaluated. The results showed that the integrated quality index of nine flue-cured tobacco genotypes from high to low was Y8303,9625,CF202, 7581, LJ237, Longjiang 911, Wendell, NC89, Jiyan 9.
Comprehensive quality of Y8303, CF202, NC89, Longjiang 911 and LJ237 was relatively close, the appearance quality of this type was better, chemical components of better coordination; 9625 alone as a class, this type of physical characteristics and sensory quality was good, comprehensive quality high; Wendell and 7581 are closer to the comprehensive quality. This type of leaf tobacco each quality target index was in the intermediate quantity in 4 types; Jiyan 9 alone as a class, the comprehensive quality of this type was worst.
引文
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