基于GIS的城市交通基础设施查询系统研究
摘要
查询技术是城市交通综合管理系统中一项重要的功能,随着城市交通基础设施的激增,查询的效率、方便性等越来越重要。传统的交通基础设施管理系统已经无法满足新的发展需要。GIS的引入加快了交通基础设施管理系统科技化的进程。
本篇论文选题结合“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点课题“城市交通规划建设信息支撑系统研究”(项目编号:2006BAJ18B02),在城市交通规划建设信息支撑系统建立的过程中,本文选择了项目中“基于GIS的城市交通基础设施查询”这部分内容进行探讨研究。本文结合交通基础设施查询系统开发过程,首先研究了数据的采集与处理技术,将通过不同渠道采集来的数据在桌面GIS软件SupermapDeskpro2008中转换成统一的格式,建立统一坐标系,对图层进行配准、拓扑化编辑、注记等数字化操作。其次,通过比较分析点、线、面之间空间关系判别算法,引入改进射线法判断点是否在多边形内。再次,依据数据库建立基本流程设计、建立交通基础设施空间数据库表。最后,选定吉林市昌邑区作为系统开发的示范区,采集区域内所有交通基础设施数据结合北京超图的GIS二次开发软件SuperMapobjects2008,利用VB语言实现了城市交通基础设施查询系统的开发。
At present, the planning, construction, operation management and basic information technology of city comprehensive transportation system lag behind the rapid urbanization and city development process, which has become the bottleneck of the urban economic and social development.The basic traffic information are the core of the integrated city transport system, it is the important decision-making support to scientific planning, construction, management and efficient operation of city's comprehensive transportation system .But the existing various types of traffic information subsystem lack of information sharing, resulting in duplicate construction and waste of resources, not only can’t provide a scientific basis in decision making for managers, but also unable to provide high-quality information Service for travelers. Therefore, research and develop the basic urban traffic information system has become an inevitable requirement of a city’s sustainable development.Integrating source in different sectors of transportation infrastructure and related information; research-based on GIS technology such as data acquisition, recording, editing, output;carrying out macro-traffic census data; developping the capabilities of GIS spatial data query and management; analysis processing basic information on various types of traffic; building basic urban transportation information platform;to study the release technology under the modern network-based information;to explore regional city traffic information share mechanism with the basic management model; to provide a scientific decision support for managers ; to provide accurate, a variety of traffic information services for the travelers;have been a feasible and great practical significance problem in the field of transportation.
With the continuous traffic problem becoming more and more serious and the development of technology related fields, based on geographic information systems for the transport of geographic data and attribute data releasing and sharing of query and analysis provides a new way, which has become hot spots of research at home and abroad.
This paper mainly takes Jilin City Changyi areas as transportation infrastructure query system model, the region covers almost all the conventional sense of the transportation infrastructure ,which makes research more practical.mainly to do the following research work:
Transportation infrastructure of spatial data acquisition and processing method.first of all introduce several conventional acquisition methods of the production of digital map data required.This article set up a data collection group in the development process. Collected data is divided into three formats: GIS in vector data (SHP format), which are part of the transportation infrastructure existing as a background layer including: administrative divisions, water, roads, housing, places Note, road Note, the Housing Note; CAD Layer (*. dwg format) are CAD engineering drawings ,which are mostly the main trunk road ,sub-distributors, Hutong, private parking, on-street parking, signal light, Station etc in Changyi region. Many of them are CAD Hand drawings with close accuracy, in full accordance with the requirements of specific construction drawing; Grid map: namely, aerial films, get the entire City of aerial maps, can be used as tracking layers when rendering vector map. Import three kinds of data in simple data format into GIS software (SuperMapDeskpro2008) as a unified data format; then set up a BeiJing1954 unified coordinate system on the data; Integrate the dataset; Registrate, topology, and Note different layers.
Transportation infrastructure spatial query algorithm research is to demarcate a polygon and query the infrastructure facilities in it ,such as parking and signal Lights and so on.Therefore need to use the query algorithm to determine whether the point at polygon in GIS . Based on the analysis of the basic principles of conventional ray method and its advantages and disadvantages, this paper designs an improved discriminant algorithm to judge the relationship between point and the polygon. This algorithm judge the ray direction in the pre-processing stage, so that it down through the least edge, so a reduction of ray intersection with the number of polygons improves the efficiency of the query. In this paper, we define that there are four possible ray direction: parallel to X-axis, pointing to the positive or negative; parallel to Y-axis, pointing to the positive or negative. This method reduces the complex calculation for the singularity situation.
According to the specific needs of the application and analysis ,we design the transportation infrastructure database.The difference between Transportation infrastructure database and common database is that the Transportation infrastructure database have the expression of its many geographical entities spatial data and their topological relationships, which makes the data storage management and design method more complex than the common database. According to the basic principles of database design and process: conceptual design, logical design, physical design, database design, we design all of the database table of transportation infrastructure. Using the data structure in SuperMapDeskpro2008: data sources, data sets, data items and Hierarchy SuperMap SDX + spatial data engine,we set up a transportation infrastructure database.
Jilin City Changyi District of transportation infrastructure query sample Design and implem-
ention. The query system uses the secondary development of integrated way by GIS components SuperMapObjects in VB6.0 environment. System achieves three main functions .Firstly,a basic operation such as a map to enlarge, narrow, roaming, full-map etc; Secondly ,data analysis such as buffer space for the regional analysis, property tracking settings, layer topology operations, spatial relationships query etc; Thirdly, special subject inquiries of Transportation infrastructure in the area ,such as trunk road, secondary road, parking lots, train stations, traffic lights and other inquiries.
Transportation infrastructure are are essential support and protection to the economic and social development. Increased transportation infrastructure investment can promote economic growth, stimulate domestic demand and industrial development, absorb many workers. The important role of transportation infrastructure not only laid a foundation for economic growth, but also promote the urbanization which is characterized by production and population concentration. The birth of GIS provides a new, intuitive and advanced tools for the modernization of transportation infrastructure and equipment management, As inquiry of GIS technology are the most basic functions in the transportation infrastructure management, the research on query technology of urban transportation infrastructure based on GIS is one thing which owns important and practical meaning.
本篇论文选题结合“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点课题“城市交通规划建设信息支撑系统研究”(项目编号:2006BAJ18B02),在城市交通规划建设信息支撑系统建立的过程中,本文选择了项目中“基于GIS的城市交通基础设施查询”这部分内容进行探讨研究。本文结合交通基础设施查询系统开发过程,首先研究了数据的采集与处理技术,将通过不同渠道采集来的数据在桌面GIS软件SupermapDeskpro2008中转换成统一的格式,建立统一坐标系,对图层进行配准、拓扑化编辑、注记等数字化操作。其次,通过比较分析点、线、面之间空间关系判别算法,引入改进射线法判断点是否在多边形内。再次,依据数据库建立基本流程设计、建立交通基础设施空间数据库表。最后,选定吉林市昌邑区作为系统开发的示范区,采集区域内所有交通基础设施数据结合北京超图的GIS二次开发软件SuperMapobjects2008,利用VB语言实现了城市交通基础设施查询系统的开发。
At present, the planning, construction, operation management and basic information technology of city comprehensive transportation system lag behind the rapid urbanization and city development process, which has become the bottleneck of the urban economic and social development.The basic traffic information are the core of the integrated city transport system, it is the important decision-making support to scientific planning, construction, management and efficient operation of city's comprehensive transportation system .But the existing various types of traffic information subsystem lack of information sharing, resulting in duplicate construction and waste of resources, not only can’t provide a scientific basis in decision making for managers, but also unable to provide high-quality information Service for travelers. Therefore, research and develop the basic urban traffic information system has become an inevitable requirement of a city’s sustainable development.Integrating source in different sectors of transportation infrastructure and related information; research-based on GIS technology such as data acquisition, recording, editing, output;carrying out macro-traffic census data; developping the capabilities of GIS spatial data query and management; analysis processing basic information on various types of traffic; building basic urban transportation information platform;to study the release technology under the modern network-based information;to explore regional city traffic information share mechanism with the basic management model; to provide a scientific decision support for managers ; to provide accurate, a variety of traffic information services for the travelers;have been a feasible and great practical significance problem in the field of transportation.
With the continuous traffic problem becoming more and more serious and the development of technology related fields, based on geographic information systems for the transport of geographic data and attribute data releasing and sharing of query and analysis provides a new way, which has become hot spots of research at home and abroad.
This paper mainly takes Jilin City Changyi areas as transportation infrastructure query system model, the region covers almost all the conventional sense of the transportation infrastructure ,which makes research more practical.mainly to do the following research work:
Transportation infrastructure of spatial data acquisition and processing method.first of all introduce several conventional acquisition methods of the production of digital map data required.This article set up a data collection group in the development process. Collected data is divided into three formats: GIS in vector data (SHP format), which are part of the transportation infrastructure existing as a background layer including: administrative divisions, water, roads, housing, places Note, road Note, the Housing Note; CAD Layer (*. dwg format) are CAD engineering drawings ,which are mostly the main trunk road ,sub-distributors, Hutong, private parking, on-street parking, signal light, Station etc in Changyi region. Many of them are CAD Hand drawings with close accuracy, in full accordance with the requirements of specific construction drawing; Grid map: namely, aerial films, get the entire City of aerial maps, can be used as tracking layers when rendering vector map. Import three kinds of data in simple data format into GIS software (SuperMapDeskpro2008) as a unified data format; then set up a BeiJing1954 unified coordinate system on the data; Integrate the dataset; Registrate, topology, and Note different layers.
Transportation infrastructure spatial query algorithm research is to demarcate a polygon and query the infrastructure facilities in it ,such as parking and signal Lights and so on.Therefore need to use the query algorithm to determine whether the point at polygon in GIS . Based on the analysis of the basic principles of conventional ray method and its advantages and disadvantages, this paper designs an improved discriminant algorithm to judge the relationship between point and the polygon. This algorithm judge the ray direction in the pre-processing stage, so that it down through the least edge, so a reduction of ray intersection with the number of polygons improves the efficiency of the query. In this paper, we define that there are four possible ray direction: parallel to X-axis, pointing to the positive or negative; parallel to Y-axis, pointing to the positive or negative. This method reduces the complex calculation for the singularity situation.
According to the specific needs of the application and analysis ,we design the transportation infrastructure database.The difference between Transportation infrastructure database and common database is that the Transportation infrastructure database have the expression of its many geographical entities spatial data and their topological relationships, which makes the data storage management and design method more complex than the common database. According to the basic principles of database design and process: conceptual design, logical design, physical design, database design, we design all of the database table of transportation infrastructure. Using the data structure in SuperMapDeskpro2008: data sources, data sets, data items and Hierarchy SuperMap SDX + spatial data engine,we set up a transportation infrastructure database.
Jilin City Changyi District of transportation infrastructure query sample Design and implem-
ention. The query system uses the secondary development of integrated way by GIS components SuperMapObjects in VB6.0 environment. System achieves three main functions .Firstly,a basic operation such as a map to enlarge, narrow, roaming, full-map etc; Secondly ,data analysis such as buffer space for the regional analysis, property tracking settings, layer topology operations, spatial relationships query etc; Thirdly, special subject inquiries of Transportation infrastructure in the area ,such as trunk road, secondary road, parking lots, train stations, traffic lights and other inquiries.
Transportation infrastructure are are essential support and protection to the economic and social development. Increased transportation infrastructure investment can promote economic growth, stimulate domestic demand and industrial development, absorb many workers. The important role of transportation infrastructure not only laid a foundation for economic growth, but also promote the urbanization which is characterized by production and population concentration. The birth of GIS provides a new, intuitive and advanced tools for the modernization of transportation infrastructure and equipment management, As inquiry of GIS technology are the most basic functions in the transportation infrastructure management, the research on query technology of urban transportation infrastructure based on GIS is one thing which owns important and practical meaning.
引文
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[3]苏卫国,张肖宁.公路基础设施资产管理概述(J). HIGHWAY,2003,(7):86-89
[4] Omar Smadi. Asset Management Decision Support Tools [EB/OL].http://www.ctre. iastate. edu. cn/GAS34
[5] Mohammad A,Thomas M Froese, Dana J Vanier.Framework Model for Asset Maintenance Management[J]. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2003,17(1)
[6] Nasir G Gharaibeh, Michael I Darter. Development of Prototype Highway Asset Management System [J].Journal of Infrastructure Systems,1999,5(2).
[7] Omar Smadi. Asset Management Decision Support Tools [EB/OL].http://www.ctre. iastate. edu. cn/GAS34
[8]王春晖,曾胜男.美国:交通资产管理的起源及发展2007,(4):10-11.
[9] Dinesh Manandhar,Ryosuke Shibasaki.Auto-extraction of urban features from vehicle - borne laser data [C].GeoSpatial Theory Processing and Applications, Ottawa,2002 IAPRS, Vol. 34,Part 4.
[10] Shauna L Hallmark, Kamesh Mantravadi,David Veneziano,etal. Remotely Sensed images for use in inventiorying road way frastructure features[R]. Final Report,Sponsored by National Consortium on Remote Sensing in Transportation for Infrastructure University of California. Santa Barbara,2001.
[11] Kelvin C P Wang,Hui Zhang. An Internet-Based Multimedia Highway Information System[J].Computer - Aided Civil and Infrastructrue Engineering,2000,15(1).
[12]潘玉利.路面管理系统原理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[13]王年,任彬,等,基于神经网络的汽车车型图像自动识别[J].中国图像图形学报,1999,(8).
[14]蔡先华.GIT-T空间数据库管理与应用关键技术研究[D].南京:东南大学交通学院,2005.
[15]关彩霞.城市道路交通信息处理技术的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学交通学院,2002.
[16]陈能,施蓓琦. AutoCAD地形图数据转换为GIS空间数据的技术研究与应用[J].测绘通报,2005,(8):11-14.
[17]吴秀芹,张洪岩,张正祥.ArcGIS9地理信息系统应用与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[18]葛永新.基于特征图像配准算法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学数理学院,2006.
[19]程双伟.GIS中拓扑关系的建立与更新[D].郑州:解放军信息工程大学,计算机应用技术,2002.
[20]王宝利.Geodatdbase中基于规则的拓扑关系[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2004,27(3):17-19.
[21]安琪.地理信息系统(GIS)中图形的拓扑处理[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2000:157-158.
[22]刘小利.城市地形图注记自动配置子系统的设计与实现[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[23]王能斌.数据库系统原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2000.
[24]曹加恒,赵莉,舒风笛,谭辉.对象管理的空间连接策略与算法[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版). 1998. Vol44 (5). pp585-588.
[25]王生生,刘大有,杨博.混合维定性空间查询语言MQL-SQL[J].电子学报: 2002. Vol30 (12A).pp1995-1999.
[26] Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla. Spatial Databases[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 1999.
[27]王润科,张彦丽.判断点与多边形位置关系的算法综述[J].甘肃联合大学学报(自然科学版):2006,20(6):33-53.
[28]张宏,温永宁,刘爱利等.地理信息系统算法基础[M].北京:科技出版社,2006.
[29]吴坚,郑康平,王小椿.一种检测点是否在多边形或多面体内的方法[J].小型微型计算机系统:2003,24(12):2201-2203.
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