环境技术创新的决策行为及能力影响机理研究
|
摘要
改革开放以来，中国经济建设取得了巨大成就，综合国力不断增强，人们生活水平也逐步提高。同时，中国作为全球制造中心，长期以来过于强调经济增长，以严重污染和破坏环境为代价进行发展，使得中国付出了沉痛的环境代价。为了解决这些环境难题，必须要重视环境保护，而加强环境保护，必须依靠科技创新，不断提高科学技术对环境保护的支撑能力。对此，环境技术创新成为一个根本的动力和解决问题的出发点，有必要对环境技术创新的规律进行深入研究。
本文主要研究了我国环境技术创新的动力要素、创新行为、创新能力等相关问题，体现出环境技术创新起于企业创新的动力要素、通过企业个体的创新行为（决策与扩散），最后集中体现在各层面（企业、区域与产业）的创新能力上这一研究计划。所得结论不仅对促进我国环境技术创新的发展具有重要意义，而且也对政府改进和实施环境政策工具同样具有重要的指导意义。主要工作与结论如下：
（1）基于时间阶段的划分与动态规划模型，在将环境技术创新的方式分为自主创新和模仿创新的基础上，通过对企业模仿创新行为的收益率，成功率，冗余资源的收益与自主创新行为之间关系的刻画，研究了自主创新效用最大化。研究得知：企业的冗余资源收益越高时，其自主创新的时间点越晚，增长率也越高，但对增长率的稳定性影响不大；企业模仿创新行为的收益率越高时，其自主创新的时间点越晚，增长率越高，同时，增长率会越早进入一个稳步增长状态；企业模仿创新行为成功率的高低对自主创新及其增长率没有明显影响。此外，基于企业之间知识和信息的交流与学习，构建了环境技术创新在企业之间竞争扩散的模型。研究发现：企业的学习能力对创新扩散的速度具有显著影响。如果一项创新的环境技术要在产业中获得广泛的采用，那么必须要在与其他技术进行竞争的过程中具有较强优势。
（2）以中国30个省、市、区的大中型工业企业为对象，基于面板数据模型，探讨了环境政策、技术进步，市场结构对环境技术创新能力的影响。结果表明，环境政策工具中，环境法制与环境影响评估对环境技术创新能力不存在显著影响，“三同时”制度存在正向的显著影响，而排污许可证制度、污染限期治理制度存在负向的显著影响，且均存在明显的累积效应。同时，人力资本存量对环境技术创新能力存在显著的正向影响，且其作用较之其他因素最大。而研发投入却存在负向影响，说明劳动依然是我国大中型工业企业的主要贡献要素，发展模式仍属粗放型。此外，技术市场对环境技术创新能力存在正向影响，并存在累积效应，表明对未来国内市场需求的预期会促进更多的创新。而产品出口却不存在显著影响，说明中国大部分环境友好型产品仍然针对的是国内市场，而非全球市场。
（3）以中国1999-2008年汽车业为对象，基于动态计量模型，从产品创新和过程创新两个方面，通过环境政策、技术进步、市场结构、产业特征四个维度，实证研究了对我国汽车产业环境技术创新能力的影响。结果表明：环境政策工具中的环境影响评估制度和污染限期治理制度，技术进步中的研发投入与人力资本存量，市场结构中的产品销售利润率与环境技术创新能力存在长期的均衡关系，且其长期均衡对产品创新短期波动的影响不大，仅有污染限期治理和研发投入的长期均衡对过程创新短期波动的影响显著。同时，环境影响评估制度、研发投入、人力资本存量、产品销售利润率均为产品创新和过程创新的格兰杰原因，而污染限期治理是产品创新的格兰杰原因，过程创新是污染限期治理的格兰杰原因。
Since China’s reform and opening up, the economy of China has obtainedtremendous achievements, the comprehensive national strength in the world has beencontinually enhanced and the level of people’ living is also gradually improved.However, as a global manufacturing center for China, it excessively emphasizeseconomic growth so that severe environment pollution is caused. It brings painfulenvironmental damage for China. In order to solve these environmental problems, wemust pay more attention to environmental protection, which mainly depends onstrengthening the support from capability of science and technology by innovation. So,environmental technology innovation becomes the fundamental power and the startingpoint for resolving problem, and it is necessary to keep a further and deep onresearching about it.
It focuses on driving forces, innovative behavior and innovation capability ofenvironmental technology innovation in this doctoral dissertation, and showsenvironmental technology innovation originating from driving forces, getting throughindividual firm’s innovative behavior (including decision-making and competition-diffusion), and then reflecting on innovation capabilities of all respects(includingvarious level of firm, region and industry). The result shows that it is great significancenot only for developing of China's environmental technology innovation capability, butalso for improving and implementing of environmental policy tools. The main resultsof this paper are organized as follows.
(1) Based on time stage and dynamic programming model, the style of environmentaltechnology innovation is divided into independent innovation and imitation innovation.And how to maximize the independent innovation utility is theoretically analyzed bydepicting the relationship among firms’ yield ratio, success ratio, slack resource incomeof imitation innovation behavior and independent innovation behavior. The result showsthat: first, the higher the income of slack resource, the later the time of independentinnovation and the higher growth ratio, but it is few impact on the stability of growthratio; second, the higher the yield ratio of imitation innovation behavior, the later thetime of independent innovation, the higher growth ratio and the earlier the growth ratioto enter a steady state. Moreover, the successful ratio of firms’ imitation innovationbehavior has no impact on independent innovation and its growth ratio. In addition, a competitive diffusion model is constructed based on the mutual communication andlearning between firms’ perspective. The result shows that firms’ learning capability hasa significant effect on the speed of innovation diffusion, and if one kind ofenvironmental innovation technology intends to be popular, it should be superior toothers in the technology competition.
(2) The panel data model is employed to empirically analyze the impact ofenvironmental policy, technological progress, and market structures on capability ofenvironmental technology innovation based on the data of medium and large-sizedenterprises (MLE) form30regions of China. The results show that: the environmentallaw and impact assessment have no significant impact on environmental technologyinnovation;‘Three simultaneous’ institution has a significant positive impact, but permitinstitution and pollution eliminating deadline have significant negative impact and evencumulative effects are obvious. Meanwhile, human capital stock is a significant positiveand maximum impact on environmental technology innovation while R&D investmentis negative. It indicates labor remains the major contribution element to China’s MLEand the development model of economy is still dominant. In addition, technologymarket has a positive impact and cumulative effect. It indicates the future demandexpectation of domestic market will stimulate more innovation. The goal of most ofinterior environment-friendly products is the domestic, rather than global market.
(3) The dynamic econometric model is applied to empirically analyze the impact ofenvironmental policy, technological progress, market structure and industrialcharacteristics on capability of environmental technology innovation from both productand process innovation based on the data of auto industry of China. The result showsthat: the environmental technology innovation has long-term equilibrium relationshipwith the environmental impact assessment and pollution eliminating deadline inenvironmental policy, R&D investment and human capital stock in technologicalprogress, and product sales margins in market structure. But the short-term fluctuationsof process innovation are only affected by pollution eliminating deadline and R&D.Meanwhile, environmental impact assessment, R&D investment, human capital,product sales profit are the Granger causes of product innovation and processinnovation, and pollution eliminating deadline is Granger cause of product innovation,while process innovation is the Granger cause of pollution eliminating deadline.
本文主要研究了我国环境技术创新的动力要素、创新行为、创新能力等相关问题，体现出环境技术创新起于企业创新的动力要素、通过企业个体的创新行为（决策与扩散），最后集中体现在各层面（企业、区域与产业）的创新能力上这一研究计划。所得结论不仅对促进我国环境技术创新的发展具有重要意义，而且也对政府改进和实施环境政策工具同样具有重要的指导意义。主要工作与结论如下：
（1）基于时间阶段的划分与动态规划模型，在将环境技术创新的方式分为自主创新和模仿创新的基础上，通过对企业模仿创新行为的收益率，成功率，冗余资源的收益与自主创新行为之间关系的刻画，研究了自主创新效用最大化。研究得知：企业的冗余资源收益越高时，其自主创新的时间点越晚，增长率也越高，但对增长率的稳定性影响不大；企业模仿创新行为的收益率越高时，其自主创新的时间点越晚，增长率越高，同时，增长率会越早进入一个稳步增长状态；企业模仿创新行为成功率的高低对自主创新及其增长率没有明显影响。此外，基于企业之间知识和信息的交流与学习，构建了环境技术创新在企业之间竞争扩散的模型。研究发现：企业的学习能力对创新扩散的速度具有显著影响。如果一项创新的环境技术要在产业中获得广泛的采用，那么必须要在与其他技术进行竞争的过程中具有较强优势。
（2）以中国30个省、市、区的大中型工业企业为对象，基于面板数据模型，探讨了环境政策、技术进步，市场结构对环境技术创新能力的影响。结果表明，环境政策工具中，环境法制与环境影响评估对环境技术创新能力不存在显著影响，“三同时”制度存在正向的显著影响，而排污许可证制度、污染限期治理制度存在负向的显著影响，且均存在明显的累积效应。同时，人力资本存量对环境技术创新能力存在显著的正向影响，且其作用较之其他因素最大。而研发投入却存在负向影响，说明劳动依然是我国大中型工业企业的主要贡献要素，发展模式仍属粗放型。此外，技术市场对环境技术创新能力存在正向影响，并存在累积效应，表明对未来国内市场需求的预期会促进更多的创新。而产品出口却不存在显著影响，说明中国大部分环境友好型产品仍然针对的是国内市场，而非全球市场。
（3）以中国1999-2008年汽车业为对象，基于动态计量模型，从产品创新和过程创新两个方面，通过环境政策、技术进步、市场结构、产业特征四个维度，实证研究了对我国汽车产业环境技术创新能力的影响。结果表明：环境政策工具中的环境影响评估制度和污染限期治理制度，技术进步中的研发投入与人力资本存量，市场结构中的产品销售利润率与环境技术创新能力存在长期的均衡关系，且其长期均衡对产品创新短期波动的影响不大，仅有污染限期治理和研发投入的长期均衡对过程创新短期波动的影响显著。同时，环境影响评估制度、研发投入、人力资本存量、产品销售利润率均为产品创新和过程创新的格兰杰原因，而污染限期治理是产品创新的格兰杰原因，过程创新是污染限期治理的格兰杰原因。
Since China’s reform and opening up, the economy of China has obtainedtremendous achievements, the comprehensive national strength in the world has beencontinually enhanced and the level of people’ living is also gradually improved.However, as a global manufacturing center for China, it excessively emphasizeseconomic growth so that severe environment pollution is caused. It brings painfulenvironmental damage for China. In order to solve these environmental problems, wemust pay more attention to environmental protection, which mainly depends onstrengthening the support from capability of science and technology by innovation. So,environmental technology innovation becomes the fundamental power and the startingpoint for resolving problem, and it is necessary to keep a further and deep onresearching about it.
It focuses on driving forces, innovative behavior and innovation capability ofenvironmental technology innovation in this doctoral dissertation, and showsenvironmental technology innovation originating from driving forces, getting throughindividual firm’s innovative behavior (including decision-making and competition-diffusion), and then reflecting on innovation capabilities of all respects(includingvarious level of firm, region and industry). The result shows that it is great significancenot only for developing of China's environmental technology innovation capability, butalso for improving and implementing of environmental policy tools. The main resultsof this paper are organized as follows.
(1) Based on time stage and dynamic programming model, the style of environmentaltechnology innovation is divided into independent innovation and imitation innovation.And how to maximize the independent innovation utility is theoretically analyzed bydepicting the relationship among firms’ yield ratio, success ratio, slack resource incomeof imitation innovation behavior and independent innovation behavior. The result showsthat: first, the higher the income of slack resource, the later the time of independentinnovation and the higher growth ratio, but it is few impact on the stability of growthratio; second, the higher the yield ratio of imitation innovation behavior, the later thetime of independent innovation, the higher growth ratio and the earlier the growth ratioto enter a steady state. Moreover, the successful ratio of firms’ imitation innovationbehavior has no impact on independent innovation and its growth ratio. In addition, a competitive diffusion model is constructed based on the mutual communication andlearning between firms’ perspective. The result shows that firms’ learning capability hasa significant effect on the speed of innovation diffusion, and if one kind ofenvironmental innovation technology intends to be popular, it should be superior toothers in the technology competition.
(2) The panel data model is employed to empirically analyze the impact ofenvironmental policy, technological progress, and market structures on capability ofenvironmental technology innovation based on the data of medium and large-sizedenterprises (MLE) form30regions of China. The results show that: the environmentallaw and impact assessment have no significant impact on environmental technologyinnovation;‘Three simultaneous’ institution has a significant positive impact, but permitinstitution and pollution eliminating deadline have significant negative impact and evencumulative effects are obvious. Meanwhile, human capital stock is a significant positiveand maximum impact on environmental technology innovation while R&D investmentis negative. It indicates labor remains the major contribution element to China’s MLEand the development model of economy is still dominant. In addition, technologymarket has a positive impact and cumulative effect. It indicates the future demandexpectation of domestic market will stimulate more innovation. The goal of most ofinterior environment-friendly products is the domestic, rather than global market.
(3) The dynamic econometric model is applied to empirically analyze the impact ofenvironmental policy, technological progress, market structure and industrialcharacteristics on capability of environmental technology innovation from both productand process innovation based on the data of auto industry of China. The result showsthat: the environmental technology innovation has long-term equilibrium relationshipwith the environmental impact assessment and pollution eliminating deadline inenvironmental policy, R&D investment and human capital stock in technologicalprogress, and product sales margins in market structure. But the short-term fluctuationsof process innovation are only affected by pollution eliminating deadline and R&D.Meanwhile, environmental impact assessment, R&D investment, human capital,product sales profit are the Granger causes of product innovation and processinnovation, and pollution eliminating deadline is Granger cause of product innovation,while process innovation is the Granger cause of pollution eliminating deadline.
引文
②详情请参阅Hansen与Birkinshaw的“The Innovation Value Chain”一文（M. T. Hansen, J. Birkinshaw. TheInnovation Value Chain[J].Harvard Business Review,2007,(4):121-130）。
①详情请参阅张慧颖与戴万亮的“基于创新价值链的区域创新价值概念模型”一文（张慧颖,戴万亮.基于创新价值链的区域创新价值概念模型[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(1):28-32）。
[1]成思危.论创新性国家的建设[J].中国软科学,2009,(12):1-14
[2]董险峰.环境科技可持续发展的国际比较与中国对策[J].北京大学学报(哲学社科板),2000,37(3):28-33
[3]周生贤.实施科技兴环保战略,努力开创环境科技工作新局面[J].中国科技产业,2006,(9):6-11
[4]吴晓青.指导新时期环境科技事业的纲领性文件[J].环境保护,2006,(8):16-26
[5]王凯军.国外环境技术管理对我国的启示[J].环境保护,2007,(4):32-36
[6]赵英民.科技创新与环保新道路[J].环境保护,2009,411(1):14-18
[7]肖显静,赵伟.从技术创新到环境技术创新[J].科学技术与辩证法,2006,23(4):80-83
[8]沈斌,冯勤.基于可持续发展的环境技术创新及其政策机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004,(8):52-55
[9] A. V. Kneese, C. L. Schultze. Pollution, Prices and Public Policy[M].Brookings Institution:Washington D. C.,1975,74-95
[10] L. Orr. Incentive for Innovation as the Basis for Effluent Charge Strategy[J].American of Eco-nomic Review,1976,66(2):441-447
[11] R. Kemp, L. Soete. Inside the ‘Green Box’: On the Economics of Technological Change and theEnvironment[J].New Explorations in the Economics of Technical Change,1990,31(1):245-257
[12]胡美琴,骆守俭.基于制度与技术情景的企业绿色管理战略研究[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2009,19(6):75-79
[13]刘凤朝,孙玉涛.我国科技政策向创新政策演变的过程、趋势与建议：基于我国289项创新政策的实证分析[J].中国软科学,2007,(5):34-42
[14]张其仔,郭朝先,孙天法.中国工业污染防治的制度性缺陷及其纠正[J].中国工业经济,2006,(8):29-35
[15]李瑾.环境政策诱导下的技术扩散效应研究[J].当代财经,2008,(7):18-23
[16] J. P. Montero. Permits, Standards and Technology Innovation[J].Journal of Environmental Eco-nomics and Management,2002,44(1):23-44
[17] J. A. Schumpeter. The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Cre-dit, Interest and the Business Cycle[D].University of Illinois:Champaign,1934,24-51
[18]欧阳建平.论技术创新的概念与本质[D].长沙：中南大学,2002,5-47
[19]王芳,孙承志.技术创新与相关概念的关系[J].工业技术经济,2000,(4):91-92
[20] C. S. Solo. Innovation in the Capitalist Process: A Critique of the Schumpeterian Theory[J].TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,1951,65(3):417-428
[21] E. Mansfield. Patents and Innovation: An Empirical Study[J].Management Science,1986,32(2):173-181
[22] C. Freeman. The ‘National System of Innovation’ in Historical Perspective[J].CambridgeJournal of Economics,1995,19(1):5-24
[23]倪钢,胡嵩.技术创新概念解释及其局限性[J].辽宁经济,2005,(5):32-33
[24]柳卸林.中国知识经济发展阶段的指标分析[J].中国软科学,1998,(12):9-12.
[25]李海舰,聂辉华.论企业和市场的相互融合[J].中国工业经济,2004,(8):1-10
[26] D. D. Rio, A. J. Stewart, N. Pellegrini. A Review of Recent Studies on Malondialdehyde asToxic Molecule and Biological Marker of Oxidative Stress[J].Nutrition, Metabolism andCardiovascular Diseases,2005,15(4):316-328
[27] S. L. Hart. Beyond Greening: Strategies for a Sustainable World[J].Harvard Business Review,1997,75(1):66-76
[28]戴鸿轶,柳卸林.对环境创新研究的一些评论[J].科学学研究,2009,27(11):1601-1610
[29] K. Rennings. Redefining Innovation-eco-innovation Research and the Contribution from Ecolo-gical Economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(2):319-332
[30] J. Horbach. Determinants of Environmental Innovation: New Evidence from German PanelData Sources[J].Research Policy,2008,37(1):163-173
[31]邵云飞,黎丽,尹守军.产业创新的新范式:生态创新研究[J].技术经济,2009,28(6):29-34
[32]彭海珍.环境管制对环境创新国际扩散的影响机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(16):28-32
[33] C. A. Ramus, U. Steger. Roles of Supervisory Support Behaviors and Environmental Policy inEmployee Eco-initiatives at Leading-edge European Companies[J].Academy of ManagementJournal,2000,43(4):605-626
[34]仲伟俊,梅株蛾,谢圆圆.产学研合作技术创新模式[J].中国软科学,2009,(8):174-181
[35]彭福扬,黄剑.从社会发展观看技术创新的生态化转向[J].科学学研究,2003,21(3):321-324
[36] C. Fischer, L. W. H. Parry, W. A. Pizer. Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection WhenTech-nological Innovation is Endogenous[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Mana-gement,2003,45(3):523-545
[37]许庆瑞,王伟强.中国企业环境技术创新研究[J].中国软科学,1995,(5):16-20
[38] N. B. Vicki. Stimulating ‘green’ Technological Innovation: An Analysis of Alternative PolicyMechnisms[J].Policy Sciences,1999,32(1):13-38
[39]陈劲,刘景江,杨发明.绿色技术创新审计实证研究[J].科学学研究,2002,20(1):107-112
[40] Y. Chen, S. Lai, C. Wen.The Influence of Green Innovation Performance on Corporate Advan-tage in Taiwan[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2006,67(4):331-339
[41]童昕,陈天鸣.全球环境管制与绿色创新扩散——深圳,东莞电子制造业企业调查[J].中国软科学,2007,(9):69-76
[42] W. M. Lawless. Generational Technological Change: Effects of Innovation and Local Rivalryon Performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(5):1185-1217
[43]荣诚.生态技术创新研究初探[J].中国软科学,2004,(5):159-160
[44]范群林,邵云飞,唐小我.以发电设备制造业为例探讨企业环境创新的动力[J].软科学,2011,25(1):67-70
[45] K. Rennings, A. Ziegler, K. Ankele, et al. The Influence of Different Characteristic of the EUEnvironmental Management and Auditing Scheme on Technical Environmental Innovations andEconomic Performance[J].Ecological Economics,2006,57(2):45-59
[46] A. B. Jaffe, K. Palmer. Environmental Regulation and Innovation: A Panel Data Study[J].TheReview of Economics and Statistics,1997,79(4):610-619
[47] S. B. Brunnermeier, M. A. Cohen. Determinants of Environmental Innovation in US Manu-facturing Industries[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003,45(2):278-293
[48] V. Oltra, M. S. Jean. Environmental Innovation and Clean Technology: An Evolutionary Frame-work[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development,2005,8(3):153-172
[49] J. Nill, R. Kemp. Evolutionary Approaches for Sustainable Innovation Policies: From Niche toParadigm[J].Research Policy,2009,38(4):668-680
[50]欧阳青燕,邵云飞,陈新有.技术能力对产业创新的影响[J].技术经济,2009,28(1):23-27
[51] C. W. L. Hill, F. T. Rothaermel. The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of RadicalTechnological Innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(2):257-274
[52] R. D. Klassen, D. C. Whybark. The Impact of Environmental Technologies on ManufacturingPerformance[J].Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(5):599-615
[53]李昆,彭纪生.基于市场诱致作用的绿色技术扩散层面与动力渠道研究[J].软科学,2010,24(1):1-7
[54] M. E. Porter, C. van der Linde. Toward a New Conception of the Environmental Competitive-ness Relationship[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118
[55] K. M. Rehfeld, K. Rennings, A. Ziegler. Integrated Product Policy and Environmental ProductInnovations: An Empirical Analysis[J].Ecological Economics,2007,61(1):91-100
[56]谢伟,吴贵生.技术学习的功能和来源[J].科研管理,2000,(1):8-13
[57] D. A. Garvin. Building a Learning Organization[J].Harvard Business Renew,1993(4):78-91
[58] G. P. Huber. Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and Literatures[J].Organiza-tion Science,1991,2(1):88-115
[59]杨莹,于渤,吴伟伟.企业技术能力提升对技术学习率的影响[J].科研管理,2011,32(8):26-33
[60]魏江,许庆端.企业技术能力与技术创新能力的相关性与协调性研究[J].科研管理,1996,(1):28-35
[61]蒋春燕.中国新兴企业自主创新陷阱的突破途径[J].中国工业经济,2006,(4):73-80
[62] E. von Hippel. Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts[J].Management Science,1996,32(7):791-805
[63] B. A. Lundvall, B. Johnson. The Learning Economy[J].Journal of Industrial Studies,1994,1(2):23-42
[64] S. Klepper, F. Malerba. Demand, Innovation and Industrial Dynamics: An Introduction[J].Indu-strial and Corporate Change,2010,19(5):1515-1520
[65] R. Fontana, F. Malerba. Demand as a Source of Entry and the Survival of New SemiconductorFirms[J].Industrial Corporate Change,2010,19(5):1629-1654
[66] G. Dosi. Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories[J].Research Policy,1982,11(1):147-162
[67] R. R. Nelson. The Co-evolution of Technology, Industrial Structure and Supporting Institutions[J].Industrial Corporate Change,1994,17(3):47-63
[68] W. B. Arthur. Competing Technologies and Lock-in by Historical Small Events[J].EconomicsJournal,1989,99(1):116-131
[69] D. M. Herold, N. Jayaraman, C. R. Narayanaswamy. What is the Relationship Between Organi-zational Slack and Innovation[J].Journal of Managerial Issues,2006,18(3):372-393
[70] R. R. Nelson, S. G. Winter. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change[M].HarvardUniversity Press: Cambridge,1982,37-64
[71] B. Carlsson, R. Stankiewicz. On the Nature, Function and Composition of TechnologicalSystems[M].Kluwer Academic Publishers:Dordrecht,1995,62-97
[72] B. Carlsson. Innovation Systems: Analytical and Methodological Issues[J].Research Policy,2002,31(2):233-245
[73] F. Malerba. Sectoral Systems of Innovation and Innovation and Production[J].Research Policy,2002,32(2):247-264
[74] F. Malerba. Sectoral Systems: How and Why Innovation Differ Across Sectors[M].OxfordHandbook of Innovation,Oxford University Press:Oxford,2005,308-406
[75] S. Jacobsson, A. Johnson. The Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technology: An AnalyticalFramework and Key Issues for Research[J].Energy Policy,2000,28(9):625-640
[76] A. Bergek, S. Jacobsson. The Emergence of a Growth Industry: A Comparative Analysis of theGerman, Dutch and Swedish Wind Turbine Industries[M].Physica-Verlag:Heidelberg,2003,197-227
[77] R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann. The Rise of Systemic Instruments in Innovation Policy[J].InternationalJournal of Foresight and Innovation Policy,2004,1(1):1-26
[78] M. P. Hekkert, R. A. A. Suurs, S. O. Negro, et al. Functions of an Innovation System: A NewApproach for Analyzing Technological Change[J].Technological Forecasting and SocialChange,2007,74(4):413-432
[79] A. Bergek, S. Jacobsson, B. Carlsson, et al. Analyzing the Functional Dynamics of Techno-logical Innovation Systems: A Scheme of Analysis[J].Research Policy,2008,37(3):407-429
[80] A. Bergek, M. Hekkert, S. Jacobsson. Functions in Innovation Systems: Framework forAnalysing Energy System Dynamics and Identifying System building Activities by Entre-preneurs and Policy Makers[M].Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham,2008,79-111
[81] M. P. Hekkert, S. O. Negro. Functions of Innovation Systems as a Framework to UnderstandSustainable Technological Change: Empirical Evidence for Earlier Claims[J].TechnologicalForecasting and Social Change,2009,76(4):584-594
[82] R. A. A. Suurs, M. Hekkert. Cumulative Causation in the Formation of Technological Innova-tion System: The Case of Biofuels in the Netherlands[J].Technological Forecasting and SocialChange,2009,76(8):1003-1020
[83] A. Bergek, S. Jacobsson, B. Sandén. Legitimation and Development of Positive ExternalEconomies: Two Key Processes in the Formation Phase of Technological InnovationSystems[J].Technology Analysis and Strategic Management,2008,20(5):575-592
[84]李京文.迎接知识经济新时代[M].上海：上海远东出版,1999,31-72
[85]吴汉东.知识产权多维度解读[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008,18-44
[86] A. Hoffman. Institutional Evolution and Change: Environmentalism and US Chemical Industry[J].Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(4):351-371
[87] J. L. Campbell. Institutional Analysis and Paradox of Corporate Social Responsibility[J].Amer-ican Behavioral Science,2006,49(7):925-39
[88] R. Scott. The Adolescence of Institutional Theory[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1987,32(4):493-511
[89] P. J. DiMaggio, W. W. Powell. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collec-tive Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review,1983,48(2):147-160
[90]袁庆明.论技术创新制度结构的核心功能及其实现机制[J].财经理论与实践,2001,22(114):94-98
[91] Veblen.有闲阶级论[M].上海：商务印书馆,1964,35-87
[92]卢瑟福.经济学中的制度：老制度主义与新制度主义[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1999,33-76
[93]诺斯（North）.西方世界的兴起[M].北京：华夏出版社,1999,16-42
[94]袁庆明.技术创新与制度创新的关系理论评析[J].中州学刊,2002,(1):50-53
[95] C. Freeman. The Economics of Technical Change[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,1994,18(5):463-514
[96] R. Nelson. Recent Revolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change[J].Journal of EconomicLiterature,1995,33(2):48-90
[97] C. Oliver. The Influence of Institutional and Task Environment Relationships on OrganizationalPerformance[J].Journal of Management Study,1997,34(1):99-124
[98]彭海珍,任荣明.环境政策工具与企业竞争优势[J].中国工业经济,2003,(7):75-82
[99] R. K. Mitchell, B. R. Agle, D. J. Wood. Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification andSalience[J].Academy of Management Review,1997,22(4):853-886
[100] H. E. Aldrich, D. Herker. Boundary Spanning Roles and Organization Structure[J].Academyof Management Review,1977,2(2):217-230
[101] H. E. Aldrich, C. M. Fiol. Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation[J].The Academy of Management Review,1994,19(4):645-670
[102] C. Oliver. Strategic Responses to Institutional Processes[J].Academy of Management Review,1991,18(1):145-77
[103]彭海珍.中国环境政策体系改革的思路探讨[J].科学管理研究,2006,24(1):25-28
[104] P. A. Samuelson. A Theory of Induced Innovation along Kennedy-Weisacker Lines[J].TheReview of Economics and Statistics,1965,47(4):343-356
[105]吕永龙.环境技术创新及其产业化的政策机制[M].北京：气象出版社,2003,51-102
[106] A. M. Golding. The Semi-Conductor Industry in Britain and the United States: A Case Studyin Innovation, Growth and the Diffusion of Technology[D].University of Sussex:Brighton,1972,9-43
[107] G. S. Becker, G. J. Stigler. Law Enforcement, Malfeasance and Compensation of Enforcers[J].The Journal of Legal Studies,1974,3(1):1-18
[108] H. Demsetz. Information and Efficiency[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1969,12(1):1-22
[109] R. H. Coase. Industrial Organization: A Proposal for Research[J].National Bureau ofEconomic Research,1972,3(1):59-73
[110]张坤,夏光.新发展方式与中国环境政策创新[J].环境科学动态,2000,(1):1-5
[111] C. Nehrt. Maintainability of First Mover Advantages When Environmental Regulations DifferBetween Countries[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,23(1):77-97
[112]谢剑,王金南,葛察忠.面向市场经济的环境与资源保护政策[J].环境保护,1999,(11):16-19
[113] P. Karen, S. Hilary, W. Margaret. The Cost of Reducing Municipal Solid Waste[J].Journal ofEnvironmental Economics and Management,1997,33(2):128-150
[114]王达梅.公共环境政策影响评估制度研究[J].兰州大学学报（社会科学版）,2007,35(5):83-88
[115] W. A. Magat. Pollution Control and Technological Advance: A Dynamic Model of the Firm[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1978,5(1):1-25
[116] W. A. Magat. A Decentralized Method for Utility Regulation[J].Journal of Law andEconomics,1979,22(2):399-404
[117] O. Cadot, S. D. Bernard. Innovation Under the Threat of Stricter Environmental Standards[J].Environmental Policy and Market Structure,1996,31(2):131-141
[118] C. Fisher, L. W. H. Parry, W. A. Pizer. Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection WhenTechnological Innovation is Endogenous[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Manage-ment,1998,45(3):523-545
[119] Y. Katsoutacos, D. Ulph. Endogenous Spillovers and the Performance of Research JointVentures [J].Journal of Industrial Economics,1998,46(3):333-357
[120] J. P. Montero. Permits, Standard, and Technology Innovation[J].Journal of EnvironmentalEconomics and Management,2002,44(1):23-44
[121] A. B. Jaffe, R. G. Newell, R. N. Stavin. Environmental Policy and Technological Change[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2002,22(1):41-69
[122] P. Downing, L. J. White. Innovation in Pollution Control[J].Journal of Environmental Econo-mics and Management,1986,13(1):18-29
[123] S. R. Milliman, R. Prince. Firm Incentives to Promote Technological Change in PollutionControl[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1989,17(2):247-265
[124] C. Carraro. Environmental Technological Innovation and Diffusion: Model Analysis[M].Phsica-Verlag:Heidelberg,2000,269-297
[125] T. Requate, W. Unold. Environmental Policy Incentives to Adopt Advanced AbatementTechnology: Will the True Ranking Please Stand Up[J].European Economic Review,2003,47(3):125-146
[126] F. Malerba, R. Nelson, L. Orsenigo. Demand, innovation and Dynamics of Market Structure:The Role of Experimental Users and Diverse Preferences[J].Journal of Evolutionary Eco-nomics,2007,17(4):371-399
[127] C. H. Jung, K. Krutilla, R. Boyd. Incentives for Advanced Pollution Abatement Technology atthe Industry Level: An Evaluation of Policy Alternatives[J].Journal of Environmental Eco-nomics and Management,1996,30(1):95-111
[128] N. O. Keohane. Policy Instruments and Diffusion of Pollution Abatement Technology[D].Harvard University:Cambridge,1999,38-75
[129] V. Denicolo. Pollution-reducing Innovation under Taxes and Permits[J].Oxford EconomicPapers,1999,51(1):184-199
[130] R. K. Yin. Case Study Research: Design and Methods[M].Sage Publications:London,1994,11-59
[131] K. Pavitt. Patent Statistics as Indicators of Innovative Activities: Possibilities and Problems[J].Scientometrics,1985,7(1):77-99
[132] Z. Griliches. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey[J].Journal of EconomicLiterature,1990,21(3):1661-1707
[133] M. Trajtenberg. A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and Value of Innovations[J].RAND Journal of Economics,1990,21(1):172-187
[134] D. Archibugi, M. Pianta. Measuring Technological Change through Patents and InnovationSurveys[J].Technovation,1996,16(9):451-468
[135] S. Kortum, J. Lerner. Stronger Protection or Technological Revolution: What is behind theRecent Surge in Patenting[C].National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper:Oxford,2006,317-350
[136] K. Blind, J. Edler, R. Frietsch, et al. Motives to Patent: Evidence from Germany[J].ResearchPolicy,2006,35(5):655-672
[137] U. Schmoch. Double-boom Cycles and Comeback of Science-push and Market-pull[J].Research Policy,2007,36(7):1000-1015
[138] H. Grupp. Foundations of the Economics of Innovation: Theory, Measurement and Practice
[M].Edward Elgar,Cheltenham,1998,31-63
[139] J. Furman, M. Porter, S. Stern. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity[J].ResearchPolicy,2002,31(2):899-933
[140] J. O. Lanjouw, A. Mody. Innovation and the International Diffusion of Environmentally Res-ponsive Technology[J].Research Policy,1996,25(4):549-571
[141] A. B. Jaffe, K. Palmer. Environmental Regulation and Innovation: A Panel Study[J].TheReview of Economics and Statistics,1997,22(1):610-619
[142] C. Hipp, H. Grupp. Innovation in the Service Sector: The Demand for Service-specific Inno-vation Measurement Concepts and Typologies[J].Research Policy,2005,34(4):517-535
[143]赵红.环境规制对中国产业技术创新的影响[J].经济管理,2007,29(21):57-61
[144] M. Hamamoto. Environmental Regulation and the Productivity of Japanese ManufacturingIndustries[J].Resource and Energy Economics,2006,28(2):299-312
[145] D. Popp. International Innovation and Diffusion of Air Pollution Control Technologies: TheEffect of NOxand SO2Regulation in the US, Japan and Germany[J].Journal of EnvironmentalEconomics and Management,2006,51(1):46-71
[146] K. Rennings, A. Ziegler, T. Zwick. The Effect of Environmental Innovations on EmploymentChanges: An Econometric Analysis[J].Business Strategy and the Environmnet,2004,13(6):374-387
[147]黄德春,刘志彪.环境规制与企业自主创新[J].中国工业经济,2006,(3):100-107
[148]白雪洁,宋莹.环境规制,技术创新与中国火电行业的效率提升[J].中国工业经济,2009,(8):68-77
[149]江珂.环境规制对中国技术创新能力影响及区域差异分析[J].中国科技论坛,2009,(10):28-33
[150] D. Popp. Pollution Control Innovations and the Clean Air Act of1990[J].Journal of PolicyAnalysis and Management,2003,22(4):641-660
[151] I. Lange, A. Bellas. Technological Change for Sulfur Dioxide Scrubbers Under Market-basedRegulation[J].Land Economics,2005,81(2):546-556
[152] D. Popp. Lessons from Patents: Using Patents to Measure Technological Change in Environ-mental Models[J].Ecological Economics,2005,54(2):209-226
[153] R. G. Newell, A. B. Jaffe, R. N. Stavins. The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-saving Technological Change[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(3):941-975
[154] D. Popp. Induced Innovation and Energy Prices[J].American Economic Review,2002,92(2):160-180
[155] C. Lutz, B. Meyer, C. Nathani. Endogenous Technological Change and Emissions: The Caseof the German Steel Industry[J].Energy Policy,2005,33(9):1143-1154
[156] N. Johnstone, I. Ha i, D. Popp. Renewable Energy Policies and Technological Innovation[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2010,45(1):133-155
[157] S. E. Atkinson, R. Halvorsen. A New Hedonic Technique for Estimating Attribute Demand:An Application to the Demand for Automobile Fuel Efficiency[J].Review of Economics andStatistics,1984,66(1):417-426
[158] J. Wilcox. Automobile Fuel Efficiency: Measurement and Explanation[J].Economic Inquiry,1984,22(3):375-385
[159] A. Pakes, S. Berry, J. A. Levinsohn. Application and Limitations of Some Recent Advances inEmpirical Industrial Organization: Prices Indexes and Analysis of Environmental Change[J].American Economic Review,1993,83(3):240-246
[160] P. K. Goldberg. The Effects of the Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency Standards in the US[J].Journal of Industrial Economics,1998,46(1):1-33
[161] D. Popp. The Effect of New Technology on Energy Consumption[J].Resource and EnergyEconomics,2001,23(4):215-239
[162] S. Berry, S. Kortum, A. Pakes. Environmental Change and Hedonic Cost Functions for Auto-mobiles[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1996,93(23):12731-12738
[163]宋泓,柴瑜,张泰.市场开发,企业学习及适应能力和产业成长模式转型——中国汽车产业案例研究[J].管理世界,2004,(8):61-75
[164]赵红.环境规制对企业技术创新影响的实证研究——以中国30个省份大中型工业企业为例[J].软科学,2008,23(6):121-125
[165]尹栾玉.政府规制与汽车产业自主创新——兼论后危机时代中国汽车产业的发展路径[J].江海学刊,2010,(4):88-93
[166]杨沿平,唐杰,周俊.我国汽车产业自主创新现状、问题及对策研究[J].中国软科学,2006,(3):11-16
[167]史自力.美日欧汽车产业技术研发的实证分析[J].经济与管理研究,2005,(3):43-47
[168]任海英,程善宝,黄鲁成.区域新兴技术产业化的系统动力学研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(13):39-44
[169]欧阳明高.我国节能与新能源汽车技术发展战略与对策[J].中国科技产业,2006,(2):8-13
[170] C. Freeman, L. Soete. The Economics of Industrial Innovation[M].Francis Printer:London,1982,42-73
[171]易余胤,盛昭瀚,肖条军.企业自主创新,模仿创新行为与市场结构的演化研究[J].管理工程学报,2005,(1):14-18
[172] H. Rao, R. Drazin. Overcoming Resource Constraints on Product Innovation by RecruitingTalent Form Rivals[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(3):1484-1498
[173] D. J. Collis. A Resource-based Analysis of Global Competition: Case of the Bearings Indus-try[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991,12(1):49-68
[174] R. M. Henderson, K. B. Clark. Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of ExistingProduct Technologies and Failure to Establish Firms[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,29(1):26-42
[175] P. S. Segerstron. Innovation, Imitation and Economic Growth[J].Journal of Political Econo-mic,1991,99(2):807-827
[176]肖条军,盛昭瀚,程书萍.纵向型集团R&D及其经济增长的博弈分析[J].管理科学学报,2002,(8):1-6
[177]任峰,李垣.决策主体、创新策略对技术创新影响的实证分析[J].预测,2003,22(3):47-51
[178]赵更申,雷巧玲,陈金闲,李垣.战略导向、组织柔性对创新选择影响的实证研究[J].预测,2006,25(5):16-22
[179]李垣,陈龙波,赵永彬.战略导向,内部控制和技术创新的关系分析[J].预测,2009,28(2):33-36
[180]艾冰,陈晓红.政府采购与自主创新的关系[J].管理世界,2008,(3):169-170
[181]蒋军锋,盛昭瀚,王修来.基于能力不对称的企业技术创新合作模型[J].系统工程学报,2009,24(3):335-342
[182] R. M. Cyert, J. G. March. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm[M].Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,1963,237-252
[183] L. J. Bourgeois. On the Measurement of Organizational Slack[J].Academy of ManagementReviews,1981,6(1):29-39
[184] N. Nohria, R. Gulati. Is Slack Good or Bad for Innovation[J].Academy of ManagementJournal,1996,39(5):1245-1264
[185] M. W. Peng. Firm Crowth in Transitional Economics: Three Longitudinal Cases from China,1989-1996[J].Organizational Studies,1997,18(3):385-413
[186] W. R. Scott. Approaching Adulthood: The Maturing of Institutional Theory[J].Theory andSociety,2008,37(5):427-442
[187]邹国庆,倪昌红.经济转型中的组织冗余与企业绩效[J].中国工业经济,2010,(11):120-129
[188]方润生,李雄诒.组织冗余的利用对中国企业创新产出的影响[J].管理工程学报,2005,(3):15-20
[189] J. L. Cheng, I. F. Kesner. Organizational Slack and Response to Environment Shifts: Impact ofResource Allocation Patterns[J].Journal of Management,1997,23(1):1-18
[190] D. M. Pamela, H. R. John, H. Eric. Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharingin a Local Market[J].Management Science,2000,46(12):1513-1527
[191] N. Nohria, R. Gulati. What is the Optimum Amount of Organizational Slack? A Study of theRelationship Between Slack and Innovation in Multinational Firms[J].European ManagementJournal,1997,15(6):603-611
[192] M. B. Lawson. In Praise of Slack: Time is of the Essence[J].The Academy of ManagemtnExecutive,2001,15(3):125-135
[193] F. Damanpour, S. Gopalakrishnan. The Dynamics of the Adoption of Product and Process In-novations in Organizations[J].Journal of Management Study,2001,38(1):45-65
[194] P. J. Frost, C. P. Egri. The Political Process of Innovation[J].Research in OrganizationalBehavior,1991,13(2):229-295
[195] L. G. Tornatzky, M. Fleischer. The Process of Technological Innovation[M].Lexington Books:Lexington,1990,12-76
[196] P. O. Jonathan. The Capital Structure Implications of Pursuing a Strategy of Innovation[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(5):415-431
[197]蒋春燕,赵曙明.组织冗余与绩效的关系：中国上市公司的时间序列实证研究[J].管理世界,2004,(5):108-115
[198]方润生,王长林.企业决策方式与组织冗余之间的关系[J].研究与发展管理,2008,(10):47-51
[199]陈龙波,赵永彬,李桓.组织冗余研究评述[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(9):158-162
[200]张长征,李怀祖.组织冗余对企业知识管理能力的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,(10):108-112
[201]赵中奇,王浣尘,潘德惠.随机控制的极大值原理及其在投资决策中的应用[J].控制与决策,2002,17(1):826-828
[202]张化尧,万迪眆,袁安府.基于创新外溢性与不确定性的企业R&D行为分析[J].管理工程学报,2005,19(1):60-64
[203]包群.自主创新与技术模仿：一个无规模效应的内生增长模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,(10):24-34
[204]张尧,杨忠.从模仿到创新：知识类型与组织学习方式的适配与转化[J].研究与发展管理,2007,19(5):32-38
[205] R. Baptista. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Diffusion[J].Technological Forecasting andSocial Change,2001,66(1):31-46
[206]魏江.小企业集群创新网络的知识溢出效应分析[J].科研管理,2003,24(4):54-60
[207]郭劲光,高竟美.网络、资源与竞争优势——一个企业社会学视角下的观点[J].中国工业经济,2003,(3):79-86
[208]邬爱其.集群企业网络化成长机制研究——对浙江三个产业集群的实证研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004,18-52
[209]邵云飞,谭劲松.区域技术创新能力形成机理探析[J].管理科学学报,2006,8(4):1-11
[210] E. M. Rogers. Diffusion of Innovations[M].The Free Press: NewYork,1995,21-84
[211]周振华.产业结构成长中的创新扩散与群集——兼论若干模型在我国的运用[J].南开经济研究,1991,(4):38-43
[212] L. A. Fourt, J. W. Woodlock. Early Prediction of Market Success for New Grocery Products[J].Journal of Marketing,1960,25(2):31-38
[213] E. Mansfield. Technical Change and Rate of Imitation[J].Econometrica,1961,29(4):741-766
[214] F. M. Bass. A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables[J].Management Science,1969,15(5):215-225
[215]龚晓光,黎志成.基于多智能体仿真的新产品市场扩散研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(12):59-62
[216]赵志,孙林岩,汪应洛.面向产品创新的过程再造与集成管理研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,4(6):24-29
[217] T. Modis. Genetic Re-engineering of Corporations[J].Technological Forcasting and SocialChange,1987,56(2):107-118
[218]艾新政,唐小我.两种产品竞争与扩散模型研究[J].电子科技大学学报,1998,14(3):440-444
[219]王朋,王健,孙骅.惯性购买市场中的品牌竞争扩散模型[J].系统工程,2008,26(8):88-92
[220]胡振华,刘宇敏.非正式交流——创新扩散的重要渠道[J].科技进步与对策,2002,19(8):72-73
[221] A. Kaufmann, P. Lehner, F. T dtling. Effects of the Internet on the Spatial Structure of Inno-vation Networks[J].Information Economics and Policy,2003,15(3):402-424
[222] I. Simona, P. McCann. The Structure and Evolution of Industrial Clusters: Transactions,Technology and Knowledge Spillovers[J].Research Policy,2006,35(7):1018-1036
[223]谭永基,蔡志杰,俞文魮.数学模型[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,200,51-87
[224]韩菁.技术创新扩散的综合分析[J].科研管理,1995,16(1):34-39
[225]刘凤朝,潘雄锋.我国八大经济区专利结构分布及其变动模式研究[J].中国软科学,2005,(6):96-100
[226]李东梅,李石柱,唐五湘.我国区域科技资源配置效率情况评价[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2003,20(3):50-55
[227]邵云飞,欧阳青燕.基于多元统计的我国区域技术创新能力分类特征[J].系统工程,2009,27(6):15-22
[228]范群林,邵云飞.中国30个地区环境技术创新能力分类特征[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2011,21(6):31-36
[229] A. B. Jaffe, M. Trajtenberg, R. Henderson. Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spilloversas Evidenced by Patent Citations[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1993,108(3):57-598
[230] G. Ebling, N. Janz. Export and Innovation Activities in the German Service Sector: EmpiricalEvidence at the Firm Level[C].ZEW Discussion Paper,1999,53-99
[231] N. Janz, H. L f, B. Peters. Firm Level Innovation and Productivity: Is There a CommonStory Across Countries[C].ZEW Discussion Paper,2003,3-26
[232]李文娟.论技术市场与科技创新的内在联系[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008,(21):180-182
[233]方红燕,王今,刘克强.汽车行业耗能分析与节能技术研究[J].汽车与配件,2009,(4):42-45
[234] R. F. Engle, C. W. J. Granger. Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimationand Testing[J].Econometrics,1987,55(2):251-276
[235]尹栾玉.政府规制与汽车产业自主创新——兼论后危机时代中国汽车产业的发展路径[J].江海学刊,2010,(4):88-93
[236]封凯栋,尹同耀,王彦敏.奇瑞的创新模式[J].中国软科学,2007,(3):76-85
[237]路风,封凯栋.为什么自主开发是学习外国技术的最佳途径——以日韩两国汽车工业发展经验为例[J].中国软科学,2004,(4):6-11
①详情请参阅张慧颖与戴万亮的“基于创新价值链的区域创新价值概念模型”一文（张慧颖,戴万亮.基于创新价值链的区域创新价值概念模型[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(1):28-32）。
[1]成思危.论创新性国家的建设[J].中国软科学,2009,(12):1-14
[2]董险峰.环境科技可持续发展的国际比较与中国对策[J].北京大学学报(哲学社科板),2000,37(3):28-33
[3]周生贤.实施科技兴环保战略,努力开创环境科技工作新局面[J].中国科技产业,2006,(9):6-11
[4]吴晓青.指导新时期环境科技事业的纲领性文件[J].环境保护,2006,(8):16-26
[5]王凯军.国外环境技术管理对我国的启示[J].环境保护,2007,(4):32-36
[6]赵英民.科技创新与环保新道路[J].环境保护,2009,411(1):14-18
[7]肖显静,赵伟.从技术创新到环境技术创新[J].科学技术与辩证法,2006,23(4):80-83
[8]沈斌,冯勤.基于可持续发展的环境技术创新及其政策机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004,(8):52-55
[9] A. V. Kneese, C. L. Schultze. Pollution, Prices and Public Policy[M].Brookings Institution:Washington D. C.,1975,74-95
[10] L. Orr. Incentive for Innovation as the Basis for Effluent Charge Strategy[J].American of Eco-nomic Review,1976,66(2):441-447
[11] R. Kemp, L. Soete. Inside the ‘Green Box’: On the Economics of Technological Change and theEnvironment[J].New Explorations in the Economics of Technical Change,1990,31(1):245-257
[12]胡美琴,骆守俭.基于制度与技术情景的企业绿色管理战略研究[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2009,19(6):75-79
[13]刘凤朝,孙玉涛.我国科技政策向创新政策演变的过程、趋势与建议：基于我国289项创新政策的实证分析[J].中国软科学,2007,(5):34-42
[14]张其仔,郭朝先,孙天法.中国工业污染防治的制度性缺陷及其纠正[J].中国工业经济,2006,(8):29-35
[15]李瑾.环境政策诱导下的技术扩散效应研究[J].当代财经,2008,(7):18-23
[16] J. P. Montero. Permits, Standards and Technology Innovation[J].Journal of Environmental Eco-nomics and Management,2002,44(1):23-44
[17] J. A. Schumpeter. The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Cre-dit, Interest and the Business Cycle[D].University of Illinois:Champaign,1934,24-51
[18]欧阳建平.论技术创新的概念与本质[D].长沙：中南大学,2002,5-47
[19]王芳,孙承志.技术创新与相关概念的关系[J].工业技术经济,2000,(4):91-92
[20] C. S. Solo. Innovation in the Capitalist Process: A Critique of the Schumpeterian Theory[J].TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,1951,65(3):417-428
[21] E. Mansfield. Patents and Innovation: An Empirical Study[J].Management Science,1986,32(2):173-181
[22] C. Freeman. The ‘National System of Innovation’ in Historical Perspective[J].CambridgeJournal of Economics,1995,19(1):5-24
[23]倪钢,胡嵩.技术创新概念解释及其局限性[J].辽宁经济,2005,(5):32-33
[24]柳卸林.中国知识经济发展阶段的指标分析[J].中国软科学,1998,(12):9-12.
[25]李海舰,聂辉华.论企业和市场的相互融合[J].中国工业经济,2004,(8):1-10
[26] D. D. Rio, A. J. Stewart, N. Pellegrini. A Review of Recent Studies on Malondialdehyde asToxic Molecule and Biological Marker of Oxidative Stress[J].Nutrition, Metabolism andCardiovascular Diseases,2005,15(4):316-328
[27] S. L. Hart. Beyond Greening: Strategies for a Sustainable World[J].Harvard Business Review,1997,75(1):66-76
[28]戴鸿轶,柳卸林.对环境创新研究的一些评论[J].科学学研究,2009,27(11):1601-1610
[29] K. Rennings. Redefining Innovation-eco-innovation Research and the Contribution from Ecolo-gical Economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(2):319-332
[30] J. Horbach. Determinants of Environmental Innovation: New Evidence from German PanelData Sources[J].Research Policy,2008,37(1):163-173
[31]邵云飞,黎丽,尹守军.产业创新的新范式:生态创新研究[J].技术经济,2009,28(6):29-34
[32]彭海珍.环境管制对环境创新国际扩散的影响机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,26(16):28-32
[33] C. A. Ramus, U. Steger. Roles of Supervisory Support Behaviors and Environmental Policy inEmployee Eco-initiatives at Leading-edge European Companies[J].Academy of ManagementJournal,2000,43(4):605-626
[34]仲伟俊,梅株蛾,谢圆圆.产学研合作技术创新模式[J].中国软科学,2009,(8):174-181
[35]彭福扬,黄剑.从社会发展观看技术创新的生态化转向[J].科学学研究,2003,21(3):321-324
[36] C. Fischer, L. W. H. Parry, W. A. Pizer. Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection WhenTech-nological Innovation is Endogenous[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Mana-gement,2003,45(3):523-545
[37]许庆瑞,王伟强.中国企业环境技术创新研究[J].中国软科学,1995,(5):16-20
[38] N. B. Vicki. Stimulating ‘green’ Technological Innovation: An Analysis of Alternative PolicyMechnisms[J].Policy Sciences,1999,32(1):13-38
[39]陈劲,刘景江,杨发明.绿色技术创新审计实证研究[J].科学学研究,2002,20(1):107-112
[40] Y. Chen, S. Lai, C. Wen.The Influence of Green Innovation Performance on Corporate Advan-tage in Taiwan[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2006,67(4):331-339
[41]童昕,陈天鸣.全球环境管制与绿色创新扩散——深圳,东莞电子制造业企业调查[J].中国软科学,2007,(9):69-76
[42] W. M. Lawless. Generational Technological Change: Effects of Innovation and Local Rivalryon Performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(5):1185-1217
[43]荣诚.生态技术创新研究初探[J].中国软科学,2004,(5):159-160
[44]范群林,邵云飞,唐小我.以发电设备制造业为例探讨企业环境创新的动力[J].软科学,2011,25(1):67-70
[45] K. Rennings, A. Ziegler, K. Ankele, et al. The Influence of Different Characteristic of the EUEnvironmental Management and Auditing Scheme on Technical Environmental Innovations andEconomic Performance[J].Ecological Economics,2006,57(2):45-59
[46] A. B. Jaffe, K. Palmer. Environmental Regulation and Innovation: A Panel Data Study[J].TheReview of Economics and Statistics,1997,79(4):610-619
[47] S. B. Brunnermeier, M. A. Cohen. Determinants of Environmental Innovation in US Manu-facturing Industries[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2003,45(2):278-293
[48] V. Oltra, M. S. Jean. Environmental Innovation and Clean Technology: An Evolutionary Frame-work[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development,2005,8(3):153-172
[49] J. Nill, R. Kemp. Evolutionary Approaches for Sustainable Innovation Policies: From Niche toParadigm[J].Research Policy,2009,38(4):668-680
[50]欧阳青燕,邵云飞,陈新有.技术能力对产业创新的影响[J].技术经济,2009,28(1):23-27
[51] C. W. L. Hill, F. T. Rothaermel. The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of RadicalTechnological Innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(2):257-274
[52] R. D. Klassen, D. C. Whybark. The Impact of Environmental Technologies on ManufacturingPerformance[J].Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(5):599-615
[53]李昆,彭纪生.基于市场诱致作用的绿色技术扩散层面与动力渠道研究[J].软科学,2010,24(1):1-7
[54] M. E. Porter, C. van der Linde. Toward a New Conception of the Environmental Competitive-ness Relationship[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):97-118
[55] K. M. Rehfeld, K. Rennings, A. Ziegler. Integrated Product Policy and Environmental ProductInnovations: An Empirical Analysis[J].Ecological Economics,2007,61(1):91-100
[56]谢伟,吴贵生.技术学习的功能和来源[J].科研管理,2000,(1):8-13
[57] D. A. Garvin. Building a Learning Organization[J].Harvard Business Renew,1993(4):78-91
[58] G. P. Huber. Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and Literatures[J].Organiza-tion Science,1991,2(1):88-115
[59]杨莹,于渤,吴伟伟.企业技术能力提升对技术学习率的影响[J].科研管理,2011,32(8):26-33
[60]魏江,许庆端.企业技术能力与技术创新能力的相关性与协调性研究[J].科研管理,1996,(1):28-35
[61]蒋春燕.中国新兴企业自主创新陷阱的突破途径[J].中国工业经济,2006,(4):73-80
[62] E. von Hippel. Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts[J].Management Science,1996,32(7):791-805
[63] B. A. Lundvall, B. Johnson. The Learning Economy[J].Journal of Industrial Studies,1994,1(2):23-42
[64] S. Klepper, F. Malerba. Demand, Innovation and Industrial Dynamics: An Introduction[J].Indu-strial and Corporate Change,2010,19(5):1515-1520
[65] R. Fontana, F. Malerba. Demand as a Source of Entry and the Survival of New SemiconductorFirms[J].Industrial Corporate Change,2010,19(5):1629-1654
[66] G. Dosi. Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories[J].Research Policy,1982,11(1):147-162
[67] R. R. Nelson. The Co-evolution of Technology, Industrial Structure and Supporting Institutions[J].Industrial Corporate Change,1994,17(3):47-63
[68] W. B. Arthur. Competing Technologies and Lock-in by Historical Small Events[J].EconomicsJournal,1989,99(1):116-131
[69] D. M. Herold, N. Jayaraman, C. R. Narayanaswamy. What is the Relationship Between Organi-zational Slack and Innovation[J].Journal of Managerial Issues,2006,18(3):372-393
[70] R. R. Nelson, S. G. Winter. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change[M].HarvardUniversity Press: Cambridge,1982,37-64
[71] B. Carlsson, R. Stankiewicz. On the Nature, Function and Composition of TechnologicalSystems[M].Kluwer Academic Publishers:Dordrecht,1995,62-97
[72] B. Carlsson. Innovation Systems: Analytical and Methodological Issues[J].Research Policy,2002,31(2):233-245
[73] F. Malerba. Sectoral Systems of Innovation and Innovation and Production[J].Research Policy,2002,32(2):247-264
[74] F. Malerba. Sectoral Systems: How and Why Innovation Differ Across Sectors[M].OxfordHandbook of Innovation,Oxford University Press:Oxford,2005,308-406
[75] S. Jacobsson, A. Johnson. The Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technology: An AnalyticalFramework and Key Issues for Research[J].Energy Policy,2000,28(9):625-640
[76] A. Bergek, S. Jacobsson. The Emergence of a Growth Industry: A Comparative Analysis of theGerman, Dutch and Swedish Wind Turbine Industries[M].Physica-Verlag:Heidelberg,2003,197-227
[77] R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann. The Rise of Systemic Instruments in Innovation Policy[J].InternationalJournal of Foresight and Innovation Policy,2004,1(1):1-26
[78] M. P. Hekkert, R. A. A. Suurs, S. O. Negro, et al. Functions of an Innovation System: A NewApproach for Analyzing Technological Change[J].Technological Forecasting and SocialChange,2007,74(4):413-432
[79] A. Bergek, S. Jacobsson, B. Carlsson, et al. Analyzing the Functional Dynamics of Techno-logical Innovation Systems: A Scheme of Analysis[J].Research Policy,2008,37(3):407-429
[80] A. Bergek, M. Hekkert, S. Jacobsson. Functions in Innovation Systems: Framework forAnalysing Energy System Dynamics and Identifying System building Activities by Entre-preneurs and Policy Makers[M].Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham,2008,79-111
[81] M. P. Hekkert, S. O. Negro. Functions of Innovation Systems as a Framework to UnderstandSustainable Technological Change: Empirical Evidence for Earlier Claims[J].TechnologicalForecasting and Social Change,2009,76(4):584-594
[82] R. A. A. Suurs, M. Hekkert. Cumulative Causation in the Formation of Technological Innova-tion System: The Case of Biofuels in the Netherlands[J].Technological Forecasting and SocialChange,2009,76(8):1003-1020
[83] A. Bergek, S. Jacobsson, B. Sandén. Legitimation and Development of Positive ExternalEconomies: Two Key Processes in the Formation Phase of Technological InnovationSystems[J].Technology Analysis and Strategic Management,2008,20(5):575-592
[84]李京文.迎接知识经济新时代[M].上海：上海远东出版,1999,31-72
[85]吴汉东.知识产权多维度解读[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008,18-44
[86] A. Hoffman. Institutional Evolution and Change: Environmentalism and US Chemical Industry[J].Academy of Management Journal,1999,42(4):351-371
[87] J. L. Campbell. Institutional Analysis and Paradox of Corporate Social Responsibility[J].Amer-ican Behavioral Science,2006,49(7):925-39
[88] R. Scott. The Adolescence of Institutional Theory[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1987,32(4):493-511
[89] P. J. DiMaggio, W. W. Powell. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collec-tive Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review,1983,48(2):147-160
[90]袁庆明.论技术创新制度结构的核心功能及其实现机制[J].财经理论与实践,2001,22(114):94-98
[91] Veblen.有闲阶级论[M].上海：商务印书馆,1964,35-87
[92]卢瑟福.经济学中的制度：老制度主义与新制度主义[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1999,33-76
[93]诺斯（North）.西方世界的兴起[M].北京：华夏出版社,1999,16-42
[94]袁庆明.技术创新与制度创新的关系理论评析[J].中州学刊,2002,(1):50-53
[95] C. Freeman. The Economics of Technical Change[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,1994,18(5):463-514
[96] R. Nelson. Recent Revolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change[J].Journal of EconomicLiterature,1995,33(2):48-90
[97] C. Oliver. The Influence of Institutional and Task Environment Relationships on OrganizationalPerformance[J].Journal of Management Study,1997,34(1):99-124
[98]彭海珍,任荣明.环境政策工具与企业竞争优势[J].中国工业经济,2003,(7):75-82
[99] R. K. Mitchell, B. R. Agle, D. J. Wood. Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification andSalience[J].Academy of Management Review,1997,22(4):853-886
[100] H. E. Aldrich, D. Herker. Boundary Spanning Roles and Organization Structure[J].Academyof Management Review,1977,2(2):217-230
[101] H. E. Aldrich, C. M. Fiol. Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation[J].The Academy of Management Review,1994,19(4):645-670
[102] C. Oliver. Strategic Responses to Institutional Processes[J].Academy of Management Review,1991,18(1):145-77
[103]彭海珍.中国环境政策体系改革的思路探讨[J].科学管理研究,2006,24(1):25-28
[104] P. A. Samuelson. A Theory of Induced Innovation along Kennedy-Weisacker Lines[J].TheReview of Economics and Statistics,1965,47(4):343-356
[105]吕永龙.环境技术创新及其产业化的政策机制[M].北京：气象出版社,2003,51-102
[106] A. M. Golding. The Semi-Conductor Industry in Britain and the United States: A Case Studyin Innovation, Growth and the Diffusion of Technology[D].University of Sussex:Brighton,1972,9-43
[107] G. S. Becker, G. J. Stigler. Law Enforcement, Malfeasance and Compensation of Enforcers[J].The Journal of Legal Studies,1974,3(1):1-18
[108] H. Demsetz. Information and Efficiency[J].Journal of Law and Economics,1969,12(1):1-22
[109] R. H. Coase. Industrial Organization: A Proposal for Research[J].National Bureau ofEconomic Research,1972,3(1):59-73
[110]张坤,夏光.新发展方式与中国环境政策创新[J].环境科学动态,2000,(1):1-5
[111] C. Nehrt. Maintainability of First Mover Advantages When Environmental Regulations DifferBetween Countries[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,23(1):77-97
[112]谢剑,王金南,葛察忠.面向市场经济的环境与资源保护政策[J].环境保护,1999,(11):16-19
[113] P. Karen, S. Hilary, W. Margaret. The Cost of Reducing Municipal Solid Waste[J].Journal ofEnvironmental Economics and Management,1997,33(2):128-150
[114]王达梅.公共环境政策影响评估制度研究[J].兰州大学学报（社会科学版）,2007,35(5):83-88
[115] W. A. Magat. Pollution Control and Technological Advance: A Dynamic Model of the Firm[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1978,5(1):1-25
[116] W. A. Magat. A Decentralized Method for Utility Regulation[J].Journal of Law andEconomics,1979,22(2):399-404
[117] O. Cadot, S. D. Bernard. Innovation Under the Threat of Stricter Environmental Standards[J].Environmental Policy and Market Structure,1996,31(2):131-141
[118] C. Fisher, L. W. H. Parry, W. A. Pizer. Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection WhenTechnological Innovation is Endogenous[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Manage-ment,1998,45(3):523-545
[119] Y. Katsoutacos, D. Ulph. Endogenous Spillovers and the Performance of Research JointVentures [J].Journal of Industrial Economics,1998,46(3):333-357
[120] J. P. Montero. Permits, Standard, and Technology Innovation[J].Journal of EnvironmentalEconomics and Management,2002,44(1):23-44
[121] A. B. Jaffe, R. G. Newell, R. N. Stavin. Environmental Policy and Technological Change[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2002,22(1):41-69
[122] P. Downing, L. J. White. Innovation in Pollution Control[J].Journal of Environmental Econo-mics and Management,1986,13(1):18-29
[123] S. R. Milliman, R. Prince. Firm Incentives to Promote Technological Change in PollutionControl[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1989,17(2):247-265
[124] C. Carraro. Environmental Technological Innovation and Diffusion: Model Analysis[M].Phsica-Verlag:Heidelberg,2000,269-297
[125] T. Requate, W. Unold. Environmental Policy Incentives to Adopt Advanced AbatementTechnology: Will the True Ranking Please Stand Up[J].European Economic Review,2003,47(3):125-146
[126] F. Malerba, R. Nelson, L. Orsenigo. Demand, innovation and Dynamics of Market Structure:The Role of Experimental Users and Diverse Preferences[J].Journal of Evolutionary Eco-nomics,2007,17(4):371-399
[127] C. H. Jung, K. Krutilla, R. Boyd. Incentives for Advanced Pollution Abatement Technology atthe Industry Level: An Evaluation of Policy Alternatives[J].Journal of Environmental Eco-nomics and Management,1996,30(1):95-111
[128] N. O. Keohane. Policy Instruments and Diffusion of Pollution Abatement Technology[D].Harvard University:Cambridge,1999,38-75
[129] V. Denicolo. Pollution-reducing Innovation under Taxes and Permits[J].Oxford EconomicPapers,1999,51(1):184-199
[130] R. K. Yin. Case Study Research: Design and Methods[M].Sage Publications:London,1994,11-59
[131] K. Pavitt. Patent Statistics as Indicators of Innovative Activities: Possibilities and Problems[J].Scientometrics,1985,7(1):77-99
[132] Z. Griliches. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey[J].Journal of EconomicLiterature,1990,21(3):1661-1707
[133] M. Trajtenberg. A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and Value of Innovations[J].RAND Journal of Economics,1990,21(1):172-187
[134] D. Archibugi, M. Pianta. Measuring Technological Change through Patents and InnovationSurveys[J].Technovation,1996,16(9):451-468
[135] S. Kortum, J. Lerner. Stronger Protection or Technological Revolution: What is behind theRecent Surge in Patenting[C].National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper:Oxford,2006,317-350
[136] K. Blind, J. Edler, R. Frietsch, et al. Motives to Patent: Evidence from Germany[J].ResearchPolicy,2006,35(5):655-672
[137] U. Schmoch. Double-boom Cycles and Comeback of Science-push and Market-pull[J].Research Policy,2007,36(7):1000-1015
[138] H. Grupp. Foundations of the Economics of Innovation: Theory, Measurement and Practice
[M].Edward Elgar,Cheltenham,1998,31-63
[139] J. Furman, M. Porter, S. Stern. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity[J].ResearchPolicy,2002,31(2):899-933
[140] J. O. Lanjouw, A. Mody. Innovation and the International Diffusion of Environmentally Res-ponsive Technology[J].Research Policy,1996,25(4):549-571
[141] A. B. Jaffe, K. Palmer. Environmental Regulation and Innovation: A Panel Study[J].TheReview of Economics and Statistics,1997,22(1):610-619
[142] C. Hipp, H. Grupp. Innovation in the Service Sector: The Demand for Service-specific Inno-vation Measurement Concepts and Typologies[J].Research Policy,2005,34(4):517-535
[143]赵红.环境规制对中国产业技术创新的影响[J].经济管理,2007,29(21):57-61
[144] M. Hamamoto. Environmental Regulation and the Productivity of Japanese ManufacturingIndustries[J].Resource and Energy Economics,2006,28(2):299-312
[145] D. Popp. International Innovation and Diffusion of Air Pollution Control Technologies: TheEffect of NOxand SO2Regulation in the US, Japan and Germany[J].Journal of EnvironmentalEconomics and Management,2006,51(1):46-71
[146] K. Rennings, A. Ziegler, T. Zwick. The Effect of Environmental Innovations on EmploymentChanges: An Econometric Analysis[J].Business Strategy and the Environmnet,2004,13(6):374-387
[147]黄德春,刘志彪.环境规制与企业自主创新[J].中国工业经济,2006,(3):100-107
[148]白雪洁,宋莹.环境规制,技术创新与中国火电行业的效率提升[J].中国工业经济,2009,(8):68-77
[149]江珂.环境规制对中国技术创新能力影响及区域差异分析[J].中国科技论坛,2009,(10):28-33
[150] D. Popp. Pollution Control Innovations and the Clean Air Act of1990[J].Journal of PolicyAnalysis and Management,2003,22(4):641-660
[151] I. Lange, A. Bellas. Technological Change for Sulfur Dioxide Scrubbers Under Market-basedRegulation[J].Land Economics,2005,81(2):546-556
[152] D. Popp. Lessons from Patents: Using Patents to Measure Technological Change in Environ-mental Models[J].Ecological Economics,2005,54(2):209-226
[153] R. G. Newell, A. B. Jaffe, R. N. Stavins. The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-saving Technological Change[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(3):941-975
[154] D. Popp. Induced Innovation and Energy Prices[J].American Economic Review,2002,92(2):160-180
[155] C. Lutz, B. Meyer, C. Nathani. Endogenous Technological Change and Emissions: The Caseof the German Steel Industry[J].Energy Policy,2005,33(9):1143-1154
[156] N. Johnstone, I. Ha i, D. Popp. Renewable Energy Policies and Technological Innovation[J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2010,45(1):133-155
[157] S. E. Atkinson, R. Halvorsen. A New Hedonic Technique for Estimating Attribute Demand:An Application to the Demand for Automobile Fuel Efficiency[J].Review of Economics andStatistics,1984,66(1):417-426
[158] J. Wilcox. Automobile Fuel Efficiency: Measurement and Explanation[J].Economic Inquiry,1984,22(3):375-385
[159] A. Pakes, S. Berry, J. A. Levinsohn. Application and Limitations of Some Recent Advances inEmpirical Industrial Organization: Prices Indexes and Analysis of Environmental Change[J].American Economic Review,1993,83(3):240-246
[160] P. K. Goldberg. The Effects of the Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency Standards in the US[J].Journal of Industrial Economics,1998,46(1):1-33
[161] D. Popp. The Effect of New Technology on Energy Consumption[J].Resource and EnergyEconomics,2001,23(4):215-239
[162] S. Berry, S. Kortum, A. Pakes. Environmental Change and Hedonic Cost Functions for Auto-mobiles[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1996,93(23):12731-12738
[163]宋泓,柴瑜,张泰.市场开发,企业学习及适应能力和产业成长模式转型——中国汽车产业案例研究[J].管理世界,2004,(8):61-75
[164]赵红.环境规制对企业技术创新影响的实证研究——以中国30个省份大中型工业企业为例[J].软科学,2008,23(6):121-125
[165]尹栾玉.政府规制与汽车产业自主创新——兼论后危机时代中国汽车产业的发展路径[J].江海学刊,2010,(4):88-93
[166]杨沿平,唐杰,周俊.我国汽车产业自主创新现状、问题及对策研究[J].中国软科学,2006,(3):11-16
[167]史自力.美日欧汽车产业技术研发的实证分析[J].经济与管理研究,2005,(3):43-47
[168]任海英,程善宝,黄鲁成.区域新兴技术产业化的系统动力学研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(13):39-44
[169]欧阳明高.我国节能与新能源汽车技术发展战略与对策[J].中国科技产业,2006,(2):8-13
[170] C. Freeman, L. Soete. The Economics of Industrial Innovation[M].Francis Printer:London,1982,42-73
[171]易余胤,盛昭瀚,肖条军.企业自主创新,模仿创新行为与市场结构的演化研究[J].管理工程学报,2005,(1):14-18
[172] H. Rao, R. Drazin. Overcoming Resource Constraints on Product Innovation by RecruitingTalent Form Rivals[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(3):1484-1498
[173] D. J. Collis. A Resource-based Analysis of Global Competition: Case of the Bearings Indus-try[J].Strategic Management Journal,1991,12(1):49-68
[174] R. M. Henderson, K. B. Clark. Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of ExistingProduct Technologies and Failure to Establish Firms[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,29(1):26-42
[175] P. S. Segerstron. Innovation, Imitation and Economic Growth[J].Journal of Political Econo-mic,1991,99(2):807-827
[176]肖条军,盛昭瀚,程书萍.纵向型集团R&D及其经济增长的博弈分析[J].管理科学学报,2002,(8):1-6
[177]任峰,李垣.决策主体、创新策略对技术创新影响的实证分析[J].预测,2003,22(3):47-51
[178]赵更申,雷巧玲,陈金闲,李垣.战略导向、组织柔性对创新选择影响的实证研究[J].预测,2006,25(5):16-22
[179]李垣,陈龙波,赵永彬.战略导向,内部控制和技术创新的关系分析[J].预测,2009,28(2):33-36
[180]艾冰,陈晓红.政府采购与自主创新的关系[J].管理世界,2008,(3):169-170
[181]蒋军锋,盛昭瀚,王修来.基于能力不对称的企业技术创新合作模型[J].系统工程学报,2009,24(3):335-342
[182] R. M. Cyert, J. G. March. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm[M].Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs,1963,237-252
[183] L. J. Bourgeois. On the Measurement of Organizational Slack[J].Academy of ManagementReviews,1981,6(1):29-39
[184] N. Nohria, R. Gulati. Is Slack Good or Bad for Innovation[J].Academy of ManagementJournal,1996,39(5):1245-1264
[185] M. W. Peng. Firm Crowth in Transitional Economics: Three Longitudinal Cases from China,1989-1996[J].Organizational Studies,1997,18(3):385-413
[186] W. R. Scott. Approaching Adulthood: The Maturing of Institutional Theory[J].Theory andSociety,2008,37(5):427-442
[187]邹国庆,倪昌红.经济转型中的组织冗余与企业绩效[J].中国工业经济,2010,(11):120-129
[188]方润生,李雄诒.组织冗余的利用对中国企业创新产出的影响[J].管理工程学报,2005,(3):15-20
[189] J. L. Cheng, I. F. Kesner. Organizational Slack and Response to Environment Shifts: Impact ofResource Allocation Patterns[J].Journal of Management,1997,23(1):1-18
[190] D. M. Pamela, H. R. John, H. Eric. Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharingin a Local Market[J].Management Science,2000,46(12):1513-1527
[191] N. Nohria, R. Gulati. What is the Optimum Amount of Organizational Slack? A Study of theRelationship Between Slack and Innovation in Multinational Firms[J].European ManagementJournal,1997,15(6):603-611
[192] M. B. Lawson. In Praise of Slack: Time is of the Essence[J].The Academy of ManagemtnExecutive,2001,15(3):125-135
[193] F. Damanpour, S. Gopalakrishnan. The Dynamics of the Adoption of Product and Process In-novations in Organizations[J].Journal of Management Study,2001,38(1):45-65
[194] P. J. Frost, C. P. Egri. The Political Process of Innovation[J].Research in OrganizationalBehavior,1991,13(2):229-295
[195] L. G. Tornatzky, M. Fleischer. The Process of Technological Innovation[M].Lexington Books:Lexington,1990,12-76
[196] P. O. Jonathan. The Capital Structure Implications of Pursuing a Strategy of Innovation[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(5):415-431
[197]蒋春燕,赵曙明.组织冗余与绩效的关系：中国上市公司的时间序列实证研究[J].管理世界,2004,(5):108-115
[198]方润生,王长林.企业决策方式与组织冗余之间的关系[J].研究与发展管理,2008,(10):47-51
[199]陈龙波,赵永彬,李桓.组织冗余研究评述[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(9):158-162
[200]张长征,李怀祖.组织冗余对企业知识管理能力的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,(10):108-112
[201]赵中奇,王浣尘,潘德惠.随机控制的极大值原理及其在投资决策中的应用[J].控制与决策,2002,17(1):826-828
[202]张化尧,万迪眆,袁安府.基于创新外溢性与不确定性的企业R&D行为分析[J].管理工程学报,2005,19(1):60-64
[203]包群.自主创新与技术模仿：一个无规模效应的内生增长模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,(10):24-34
[204]张尧,杨忠.从模仿到创新：知识类型与组织学习方式的适配与转化[J].研究与发展管理,2007,19(5):32-38
[205] R. Baptista. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Diffusion[J].Technological Forecasting andSocial Change,2001,66(1):31-46
[206]魏江.小企业集群创新网络的知识溢出效应分析[J].科研管理,2003,24(4):54-60
[207]郭劲光,高竟美.网络、资源与竞争优势——一个企业社会学视角下的观点[J].中国工业经济,2003,(3):79-86
[208]邬爱其.集群企业网络化成长机制研究——对浙江三个产业集群的实证研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004,18-52
[209]邵云飞,谭劲松.区域技术创新能力形成机理探析[J].管理科学学报,2006,8(4):1-11
[210] E. M. Rogers. Diffusion of Innovations[M].The Free Press: NewYork,1995,21-84
[211]周振华.产业结构成长中的创新扩散与群集——兼论若干模型在我国的运用[J].南开经济研究,1991,(4):38-43
[212] L. A. Fourt, J. W. Woodlock. Early Prediction of Market Success for New Grocery Products[J].Journal of Marketing,1960,25(2):31-38
[213] E. Mansfield. Technical Change and Rate of Imitation[J].Econometrica,1961,29(4):741-766
[214] F. M. Bass. A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables[J].Management Science,1969,15(5):215-225
[215]龚晓光,黎志成.基于多智能体仿真的新产品市场扩散研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(12):59-62
[216]赵志,孙林岩,汪应洛.面向产品创新的过程再造与集成管理研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,4(6):24-29
[217] T. Modis. Genetic Re-engineering of Corporations[J].Technological Forcasting and SocialChange,1987,56(2):107-118
[218]艾新政,唐小我.两种产品竞争与扩散模型研究[J].电子科技大学学报,1998,14(3):440-444
[219]王朋,王健,孙骅.惯性购买市场中的品牌竞争扩散模型[J].系统工程,2008,26(8):88-92
[220]胡振华,刘宇敏.非正式交流——创新扩散的重要渠道[J].科技进步与对策,2002,19(8):72-73
[221] A. Kaufmann, P. Lehner, F. T dtling. Effects of the Internet on the Spatial Structure of Inno-vation Networks[J].Information Economics and Policy,2003,15(3):402-424
[222] I. Simona, P. McCann. The Structure and Evolution of Industrial Clusters: Transactions,Technology and Knowledge Spillovers[J].Research Policy,2006,35(7):1018-1036
[223]谭永基,蔡志杰,俞文魮.数学模型[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,200,51-87
[224]韩菁.技术创新扩散的综合分析[J].科研管理,1995,16(1):34-39
[225]刘凤朝,潘雄锋.我国八大经济区专利结构分布及其变动模式研究[J].中国软科学,2005,(6):96-100
[226]李东梅,李石柱,唐五湘.我国区域科技资源配置效率情况评价[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2003,20(3):50-55
[227]邵云飞,欧阳青燕.基于多元统计的我国区域技术创新能力分类特征[J].系统工程,2009,27(6):15-22
[228]范群林,邵云飞.中国30个地区环境技术创新能力分类特征[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2011,21(6):31-36
[229] A. B. Jaffe, M. Trajtenberg, R. Henderson. Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spilloversas Evidenced by Patent Citations[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1993,108(3):57-598
[230] G. Ebling, N. Janz. Export and Innovation Activities in the German Service Sector: EmpiricalEvidence at the Firm Level[C].ZEW Discussion Paper,1999,53-99
[231] N. Janz, H. L f, B. Peters. Firm Level Innovation and Productivity: Is There a CommonStory Across Countries[C].ZEW Discussion Paper,2003,3-26
[232]李文娟.论技术市场与科技创新的内在联系[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2008,(21):180-182
[233]方红燕,王今,刘克强.汽车行业耗能分析与节能技术研究[J].汽车与配件,2009,(4):42-45
[234] R. F. Engle, C. W. J. Granger. Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimationand Testing[J].Econometrics,1987,55(2):251-276
[235]尹栾玉.政府规制与汽车产业自主创新——兼论后危机时代中国汽车产业的发展路径[J].江海学刊,2010,(4):88-93
[236]封凯栋,尹同耀,王彦敏.奇瑞的创新模式[J].中国软科学,2007,(3):76-85
[237]路风,封凯栋.为什么自主开发是学习外国技术的最佳途径——以日韩两国汽车工业发展经验为例[J].中国软科学,2004,(4):6-11