产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势影响问题研究
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摘要
进入21世纪,企业与企业之间的竞争已经转变为产业集群之间的竞争。产业集群为一国的经济发展贡献巨大,这也是为什么无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都在大力建设产业集群的原因。但不可回避的是,有的产业集群是成功的,如美国硅谷、印度班加罗尔,有的产业集群却是失败的,如日本筑波科技城、韩国龟尾工业园区。想要让产业集群真正为经济的发展做出贡献,对产业集群成败及群内企业竞争优势影响因素的研究就显得至关重要。
借鉴国内外相关理论研究和实践的科学成果,选取产业集群企业间信任这一影响产业集群企业竞争优势的重要因素作为研究对象,以理论研究为主,将定性研究与定量研究相结合,围绕产业集群企业间关系的独特性,创新性的把资源基础理论有机地运用到产业集群、信任、企业竞争优势三者关系的说理中去,综合运用博弈论、社会学、经济学、管理学等相关理论以及一些定性描述和定量分析模型对产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势进行了较为系统和深入的研究。
全文共分为五个部分,首先阐述了研究背景、意义、目的及创新点,并对相关历史文献及本文的研究方法进行了简要介绍;其次基于博弈论的视角对产业集群企业间信任博弈问题进行了分析,从而得出产业集群企业间的特殊关系有助于达成帕累托最有效解;文章的第三部分创新性基于资源基础理论论述产业集群企业间信任资源的作用机制;在前三章研究基础上,第四章从多个角度分析了产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势的影响,主要是积极影响,当然也不能忽视消极影响;第五章通过成败两个产业集群案例,从实践的角度,来说明产业集群企业间信任资源的产生基础、作用机制及对产业集群企业竞争优势的影响,以致对区域经济和国民经济健康发展的重要影响。
The competition between enterprises has become the competition among industry cluster since 21 century.Industry cluster has made a great contribution to economic growth,so both developed countries and developing countries are devoted to the construction of industry cluster.What can not be avoided is that some industry clusters are successful but some are not.So it is crucial to implement research on the factors which affects the success and the enterprise competitive advantage of industry cluster.
Using some rational factors of theory research and practice for reference,this paper makes some system and thorough research on trust that affects enterprise competitive advantage among enterprises within industry cluster.During the course of writing,the author give priority to the theory research,on the same time,combining the qualitative and quantitative analysis.In these researches,based Resource-Based View creatively,the theory of game,sociology,economics,management,some qualitative description models and some quantitative analysis models are used to encircle the unique feature of industry cluster.
The construction arrangement and the main contents of this paper are as the followings:chapter 1 introduces research background,meaning,purpose,innovation and methods of this thesis,and the review of correlative history literature about RBV,industry cluster,trust and enterprise competitive advantage are listed;chapter 2 analyses the trust among enterprises within industry cluster based game theory;chapter 3 discusses the action mechanism of trust resource based RBV creatively;chapter 4 analyses the effects of trust resource on enterprise competitive advantage among enterprises within industry cluster,most of which are positive;chapter 5 gives out a pair of examples to explained the viewpoints above.
借鉴国内外相关理论研究和实践的科学成果,选取产业集群企业间信任这一影响产业集群企业竞争优势的重要因素作为研究对象,以理论研究为主,将定性研究与定量研究相结合,围绕产业集群企业间关系的独特性,创新性的把资源基础理论有机地运用到产业集群、信任、企业竞争优势三者关系的说理中去,综合运用博弈论、社会学、经济学、管理学等相关理论以及一些定性描述和定量分析模型对产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势进行了较为系统和深入的研究。
全文共分为五个部分,首先阐述了研究背景、意义、目的及创新点,并对相关历史文献及本文的研究方法进行了简要介绍;其次基于博弈论的视角对产业集群企业间信任博弈问题进行了分析,从而得出产业集群企业间的特殊关系有助于达成帕累托最有效解;文章的第三部分创新性基于资源基础理论论述产业集群企业间信任资源的作用机制;在前三章研究基础上,第四章从多个角度分析了产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势的影响,主要是积极影响,当然也不能忽视消极影响;第五章通过成败两个产业集群案例,从实践的角度,来说明产业集群企业间信任资源的产生基础、作用机制及对产业集群企业竞争优势的影响,以致对区域经济和国民经济健康发展的重要影响。
The competition between enterprises has become the competition among industry cluster since 21 century.Industry cluster has made a great contribution to economic growth,so both developed countries and developing countries are devoted to the construction of industry cluster.What can not be avoided is that some industry clusters are successful but some are not.So it is crucial to implement research on the factors which affects the success and the enterprise competitive advantage of industry cluster.
Using some rational factors of theory research and practice for reference,this paper makes some system and thorough research on trust that affects enterprise competitive advantage among enterprises within industry cluster.During the course of writing,the author give priority to the theory research,on the same time,combining the qualitative and quantitative analysis.In these researches,based Resource-Based View creatively,the theory of game,sociology,economics,management,some qualitative description models and some quantitative analysis models are used to encircle the unique feature of industry cluster.
The construction arrangement and the main contents of this paper are as the followings:chapter 1 introduces research background,meaning,purpose,innovation and methods of this thesis,and the review of correlative history literature about RBV,industry cluster,trust and enterprise competitive advantage are listed;chapter 2 analyses the trust among enterprises within industry cluster based game theory;chapter 3 discusses the action mechanism of trust resource based RBV creatively;chapter 4 analyses the effects of trust resource on enterprise competitive advantage among enterprises within industry cluster,most of which are positive;chapter 5 gives out a pair of examples to explained the viewpoints above.
引文
[1]魏江.产业集群——创新系统与技术学习[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-2.
[2]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].廉运杰译.北京:华夏出版社,2005:451-502.
[3]PENROSE E T.The theory of the growth of the firm[M].New York:John Wiley,1959:1-280.
[4]Wernerfelt B.A Resource-Based View of the firm.Strategic Management Journal,1984,(5):171-180.
[5]Prahalad C K,Hamel G.The core competence of the corporation[J].Harvard Business Review,1990,68(3):79-91.
[6]Teece D J,Pisano G,Shuen A.Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,(18):509-533.
[7]程兆谦,徐金发.资源观理论框架的整理[J].外国经济与管理,2002,(6):6-13.
[8]王缉慈.创新的空间[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[9]韦伯.工业区位论[M].李刚剑译.北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[10]BECATTINI G.The Industrial district as a creative Melieu.In Benko G.and Dunford M(eds).Industrial Change and Regional Development[M].London:Belhaven,1991.
[11]PIORE M J,SABEL C F.The second industrial divide:Possibilities for prosperity[M].New York:Basic Books,1984.
[12]STORPER M,WALKER R.The capitalist imperative:Territory,technology and industrial growth[M].New York:Basil Blackwell,1989.
[13]RATTI R,BRAMANTI A,GORDON R.The dynamics of innovative regions:The GREMI approach[M].Pairs:Ashgate Publishing Ltd,1997.
[14]波特著.国家竞争优势[M].李明轩等译.北京:华夏出版社,2002.
[15]汪文明.产业集群竞争优势形成机理与湖南的发展战略[D].湖南大学,2003,(10).
[16]DEUTSCH M.Trust and suspicion[J].Conflict resolution,1958,(2):265-279.
[17]SABEL C F.Studied trust:Building new forms of cooperation in a volatile economy[J].Human Relations,1993,(46):1133-1170.
[18]LUHMANN N.Trust and power[M].Chichester:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1979.
[19]BARBER.The Logic and limits of trust[M].NJ:Rutgers University Press,1983.
[20]郑也夫.信任论[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2003.
[21]COLEMAN J S.Foundations of social theory[M].MA and London:Harvard University Press,1990.
[22]福山.信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣[M].彭志华译.海南:海南出版社,2001.
[23]王国顺.交易、治理与经济效率:O.E交易成本经济学——企业理论研究[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005.
[24]MORGAN R,HUNT S D.The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,(58):20-38.
[25]MAYER R C,DAVIS J H,SCHOOLMAN D F.An integrative model of organizational trust[J].Academy of Management Review,1995,20(3):709-734.
[26]波特著.竞争战略[M].陈小悦译.北京:华夏出版社,1997.
[27]波特著.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.北京:华夏出版社,1997.
[28]PETERAF M A.The cornerstones of competitive advantage:a resource based view[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993(14):179-191.
[29]BARNEY.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,1991,17(1):99-120.
[30]BARNEY J.The resource-based theories of competitive advantage:A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view[J].Journal of Management,2001,(27):643-650.
[31]陈通.宏微观经济学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2006.
[32]张继焦.非正式制度、资源配置与制度变迁[J].社会科学战线,1999,(1):200-207.
[33]郑春华.产业集群信任合作的博弈分析[J].沿海企业与科技,2007,(12):18-19.
[34]吴晓波,耿帅,徐松屹.基于共享性资源的集群企业竞争优势分析[J].研究与发展管理,2004,(4):1-13.
[35]XAVIER M.European industrial districts:Influence of geographic concentration on performance of the firm[J].Journal of International Management,2001,(7):277-294.
[36]罗珉.组之间关系理论最新研究视角探析[J].外国经济与管理,2007,(1):25-32.
[37]威廉姆森.企业的性质:起源、演变与发展[M].姚海鑫,刑渊源译.北京:商务印书馆,2007:242-251.
[38]WILLIAMSON O E.The economic institutions of capitalism[M].New York:Free Press,1985:40-49.
[39]POWELL W W.Neither market nor hierarchy:Network forms of organization[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,1990,(12):212-264.
[40]潘旭明.战略联盟的信任机制:基于社会网络的视角[J].财经科学,2006,(5):50-56.
[41]Dyer J H.Collaborative advantage:Winning through extended enterprise supplier networks[M].Oxford:Oxford UniversityPress,2000.
[42]BARA.Social capital and technical information flows in the Ghanaian manufacturing sector[J].Oxford EconomicPaper,2000,52(3):539-559.
[43]ELFRING T,BAVEN G.Spinning-off capabilities:Competitive development in knowledge intensive services[C],in Sanchez,R.,A.Heeneand H.Thomas(eds)Dynamics of competence-based Competition,Pergamon,Oxford,1996.
[44]林健,李焕荣.基于核心能力的企业战略网络[J].中国软科学,2003,(12):68-91.
[45]NAHAPIET J,GHOSHAL S.Social capital,intellectual capital and the organizational advantage[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,(23):212-264.
[46]林健,李焕荣.战略网络内部相互信任风险与信任机制研究[J].商业研究,2006,(6):1-4.
[47]科斯.社会成本问题[J].法学与经济学杂志,1960,10.
[48]孟华兴,赵瑞君.产业集群中的信任问题研究[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2007,22(4),108-111.
[49]科尔曼.社会理论的基础[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999.
[50]高鸿业.西方经济学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:379-386.
[51]PROUDER,RICHARD,JOHN,CARON H.Hot spots and blind spots:Geographical clusters of firms and innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(4):1192-1225.
[52]巴顿.知识与创新[M].北京:新华出版社,2000:38.
[53]牟绍波,王成璋.论产业集群动态核心能力的培育与提升[J].科技管理研究,2006,(6):49-50.
[54]陈晓东,陈传明.战略调整中核心能力的刚性特征及其超越[J].南京社会科学,2005,(3):19-21.
[55]VADIM K.Radical innovation versus incremental innovation[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2000.
[56]SOOSAY G A.Continuous inovation in logistics services:An empirical study of distribution centers[D].University of Western Sydney,2003.
[57]环园.班加罗尔:印度的硅谷[J].中外企业文化,2006,(1):57-59.
[58]安娜利.萨克森尼安.班加罗尔:亚洲的硅谷?[J].比较制度分析,2001,(2):78-88.
[59]聂鸣,梅丽霞,鲁莹.班加罗尔软件产业集群的社会资本研究[J].研究与发展管理,2004,16(2):47-48.
[60]钟坚.日本筑波科学城发展模式分析[J].经济前沿,2001,(9):31-34.
[61]胡德巧.硅谷与筑波成败的体制分析[J].化工技术经济,2001,(2):55-58.
[2]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].廉运杰译.北京:华夏出版社,2005:451-502.
[3]PENROSE E T.The theory of the growth of the firm[M].New York:John Wiley,1959:1-280.
[4]Wernerfelt B.A Resource-Based View of the firm.Strategic Management Journal,1984,(5):171-180.
[5]Prahalad C K,Hamel G.The core competence of the corporation[J].Harvard Business Review,1990,68(3):79-91.
[6]Teece D J,Pisano G,Shuen A.Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,(18):509-533.
[7]程兆谦,徐金发.资源观理论框架的整理[J].外国经济与管理,2002,(6):6-13.
[8]王缉慈.创新的空间[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[9]韦伯.工业区位论[M].李刚剑译.北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[10]BECATTINI G.The Industrial district as a creative Melieu.In Benko G.and Dunford M(eds).Industrial Change and Regional Development[M].London:Belhaven,1991.
[11]PIORE M J,SABEL C F.The second industrial divide:Possibilities for prosperity[M].New York:Basic Books,1984.
[12]STORPER M,WALKER R.The capitalist imperative:Territory,technology and industrial growth[M].New York:Basil Blackwell,1989.
[13]RATTI R,BRAMANTI A,GORDON R.The dynamics of innovative regions:The GREMI approach[M].Pairs:Ashgate Publishing Ltd,1997.
[14]波特著.国家竞争优势[M].李明轩等译.北京:华夏出版社,2002.
[15]汪文明.产业集群竞争优势形成机理与湖南的发展战略[D].湖南大学,2003,(10).
[16]DEUTSCH M.Trust and suspicion[J].Conflict resolution,1958,(2):265-279.
[17]SABEL C F.Studied trust:Building new forms of cooperation in a volatile economy[J].Human Relations,1993,(46):1133-1170.
[18]LUHMANN N.Trust and power[M].Chichester:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1979.
[19]BARBER.The Logic and limits of trust[M].NJ:Rutgers University Press,1983.
[20]郑也夫.信任论[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2003.
[21]COLEMAN J S.Foundations of social theory[M].MA and London:Harvard University Press,1990.
[22]福山.信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣[M].彭志华译.海南:海南出版社,2001.
[23]王国顺.交易、治理与经济效率:O.E交易成本经济学——企业理论研究[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005.
[24]MORGAN R,HUNT S D.The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,(58):20-38.
[25]MAYER R C,DAVIS J H,SCHOOLMAN D F.An integrative model of organizational trust[J].Academy of Management Review,1995,20(3):709-734.
[26]波特著.竞争战略[M].陈小悦译.北京:华夏出版社,1997.
[27]波特著.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.北京:华夏出版社,1997.
[28]PETERAF M A.The cornerstones of competitive advantage:a resource based view[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993(14):179-191.
[29]BARNEY.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J].Journal of Management,1991,17(1):99-120.
[30]BARNEY J.The resource-based theories of competitive advantage:A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view[J].Journal of Management,2001,(27):643-650.
[31]陈通.宏微观经济学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2006.
[32]张继焦.非正式制度、资源配置与制度变迁[J].社会科学战线,1999,(1):200-207.
[33]郑春华.产业集群信任合作的博弈分析[J].沿海企业与科技,2007,(12):18-19.
[34]吴晓波,耿帅,徐松屹.基于共享性资源的集群企业竞争优势分析[J].研究与发展管理,2004,(4):1-13.
[35]XAVIER M.European industrial districts:Influence of geographic concentration on performance of the firm[J].Journal of International Management,2001,(7):277-294.
[36]罗珉.组之间关系理论最新研究视角探析[J].外国经济与管理,2007,(1):25-32.
[37]威廉姆森.企业的性质:起源、演变与发展[M].姚海鑫,刑渊源译.北京:商务印书馆,2007:242-251.
[38]WILLIAMSON O E.The economic institutions of capitalism[M].New York:Free Press,1985:40-49.
[39]POWELL W W.Neither market nor hierarchy:Network forms of organization[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,1990,(12):212-264.
[40]潘旭明.战略联盟的信任机制:基于社会网络的视角[J].财经科学,2006,(5):50-56.
[41]Dyer J H.Collaborative advantage:Winning through extended enterprise supplier networks[M].Oxford:Oxford UniversityPress,2000.
[42]BARA.Social capital and technical information flows in the Ghanaian manufacturing sector[J].Oxford EconomicPaper,2000,52(3):539-559.
[43]ELFRING T,BAVEN G.Spinning-off capabilities:Competitive development in knowledge intensive services[C],in Sanchez,R.,A.Heeneand H.Thomas(eds)Dynamics of competence-based Competition,Pergamon,Oxford,1996.
[44]林健,李焕荣.基于核心能力的企业战略网络[J].中国软科学,2003,(12):68-91.
[45]NAHAPIET J,GHOSHAL S.Social capital,intellectual capital and the organizational advantage[J].Academy of Management Review,1998,(23):212-264.
[46]林健,李焕荣.战略网络内部相互信任风险与信任机制研究[J].商业研究,2006,(6):1-4.
[47]科斯.社会成本问题[J].法学与经济学杂志,1960,10.
[48]孟华兴,赵瑞君.产业集群中的信任问题研究[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2007,22(4),108-111.
[49]科尔曼.社会理论的基础[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1999.
[50]高鸿业.西方经济学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:379-386.
[51]PROUDER,RICHARD,JOHN,CARON H.Hot spots and blind spots:Geographical clusters of firms and innovation[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,21(4):1192-1225.
[52]巴顿.知识与创新[M].北京:新华出版社,2000:38.
[53]牟绍波,王成璋.论产业集群动态核心能力的培育与提升[J].科技管理研究,2006,(6):49-50.
[54]陈晓东,陈传明.战略调整中核心能力的刚性特征及其超越[J].南京社会科学,2005,(3):19-21.
[55]VADIM K.Radical innovation versus incremental innovation[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2000.
[56]SOOSAY G A.Continuous inovation in logistics services:An empirical study of distribution centers[D].University of Western Sydney,2003.
[57]环园.班加罗尔:印度的硅谷[J].中外企业文化,2006,(1):57-59.
[58]安娜利.萨克森尼安.班加罗尔:亚洲的硅谷?[J].比较制度分析,2001,(2):78-88.
[59]聂鸣,梅丽霞,鲁莹.班加罗尔软件产业集群的社会资本研究[J].研究与发展管理,2004,16(2):47-48.
[60]钟坚.日本筑波科学城发展模式分析[J].经济前沿,2001,(9):31-34.
[61]胡德巧.硅谷与筑波成败的体制分析[J].化工技术经济,2001,(2):55-58.