产业集群内企业间信任影响因素分析
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摘要
作为经济增长的引擎,产业集群在世界各国的经济中表现出极大的活力。这一经济形式引起了地理学、经济学学者和各国政府广泛的关注。就目前世界各国产业集群存在的问题来看,信任一直是制约产业集群健康发展的一大障碍。特别是我国的产业集群,更是存在着信任度不高的现象。由此导致了产业集群内企业间交易成本的上升和产业集群溢出效应的降低,甚至导致产业集群的消亡。
本文采用规范分析的研究方法。通过整理关于产业集群和产业集群信任的研究成果,提出了产业集群内企业间信任的影响因素。本文界定了产业集群内企业间信任的影响因素:对方企业的实力、对方企业的人际关系和对方企业的制度环境、双方的沟通、对企业的认知和合作的水平。并在分析了各个因素的具体因素后提出了相应的假设。
针对文章提出的假设模型,文章通过设计结构化问卷,采用收集数据的方法,运用衡阳市输变电产业集群的实证进行检验。在此基础上对产业集群内企业间信任的构建进行分析。
为提高产业集群内企业间的信任水平,本文对要构建企业间信任的企业提出建议,包括努力提升自身企业的实力,建立良好的人际关系网络并和对方积极的沟通。并呼吁相关政府部门采取措施积极应对。最后,文章得出文章的研究结论。
As the engine of the economic growth, the industrial cluster embodies extraordinary economic vitality in every county. As a result, it has already drawn common concern of academia and government. According to the question of industrial clusters, the trust problem is the main obstacle for restricting the healthy development of industry cluster. There exists a phenomenon that the firms in the cluster have a low-level trust, especially in China. The trust problem raises the transaction-cost, slows down the spillover effects and even leads to the demise of the clusters.
In this paper, by integrating to research achievements on the industrial cluster and the trust of cluster and using the standard analysis methods, a model of trust factor between firms in cluster is put forward. The dissertation defined the trust factor: The strength ,the relationships ,institutional environment, communications ,and the level of cooperation between enterprises .And after the analysis of the variables of factors, the author puts forward the corresponding hypotheses.
According to the hypothesis model, the author collected mass data to empirical the Hengyang Transmission Cluster test, which gets from the structural questionnaires. After analysis the inter-enterprise trust based on it, the author building trust mode of enterprise within industrial cluster.
In order to improve the trust of the firms, the paper puts forward some advices for firms, including promoting the competence of the company, establish strong Inter-enterprise relationships and actively communication and appeal government department take active measures to affect it.
本文采用规范分析的研究方法。通过整理关于产业集群和产业集群信任的研究成果,提出了产业集群内企业间信任的影响因素。本文界定了产业集群内企业间信任的影响因素:对方企业的实力、对方企业的人际关系和对方企业的制度环境、双方的沟通、对企业的认知和合作的水平。并在分析了各个因素的具体因素后提出了相应的假设。
针对文章提出的假设模型,文章通过设计结构化问卷,采用收集数据的方法,运用衡阳市输变电产业集群的实证进行检验。在此基础上对产业集群内企业间信任的构建进行分析。
为提高产业集群内企业间的信任水平,本文对要构建企业间信任的企业提出建议,包括努力提升自身企业的实力,建立良好的人际关系网络并和对方积极的沟通。并呼吁相关政府部门采取措施积极应对。最后,文章得出文章的研究结论。
As the engine of the economic growth, the industrial cluster embodies extraordinary economic vitality in every county. As a result, it has already drawn common concern of academia and government. According to the question of industrial clusters, the trust problem is the main obstacle for restricting the healthy development of industry cluster. There exists a phenomenon that the firms in the cluster have a low-level trust, especially in China. The trust problem raises the transaction-cost, slows down the spillover effects and even leads to the demise of the clusters.
In this paper, by integrating to research achievements on the industrial cluster and the trust of cluster and using the standard analysis methods, a model of trust factor between firms in cluster is put forward. The dissertation defined the trust factor: The strength ,the relationships ,institutional environment, communications ,and the level of cooperation between enterprises .And after the analysis of the variables of factors, the author puts forward the corresponding hypotheses.
According to the hypothesis model, the author collected mass data to empirical the Hengyang Transmission Cluster test, which gets from the structural questionnaires. After analysis the inter-enterprise trust based on it, the author building trust mode of enterprise within industrial cluster.
In order to improve the trust of the firms, the paper puts forward some advices for firms, including promoting the competence of the company, establish strong Inter-enterprise relationships and actively communication and appeal government department take active measures to affect it.
引文
[1]《中国产业集群发展报告》课题组[M]中国产业集群发展报告北京:机械工业出版社,2009:1
[2]刘世锦中国产业集群蓝皮书—中国产业集群发展报告(2007—2008)[M]北京:中国发展出版社,9-11
[3]刘姝威我国信用体系建设亟待跨出三大步[N]上海证券报,2004-08-05
[4]仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1999,4.
[5]谢荷锋企业员工知识分享中的信任问题实证研究[D]浙江大学:2007
[6] Marshall A: Principles of Economics[M], London :Macmillan. 1920(1890).
[7] Coase,R, The Nature of the Firm,Economica vol. 4,1937:P368-405.
[8] XiaoKai Yang and Ng Y.K; Theory of the Firm and Structure of Residual Rights, Journal of Economy Be-haviour and rgannisation ,1995:107-128.
[9] Krugman P: Geography and Trade. Cambridge[M], MA: MIT Prcs,1991:67-69
[10]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].廉运杰译.北京:华夏出版社,2005:451-502.
[11]韦伯.工业区位论[M].李刚剑译.北京:商务印书馆,1997:11-12
[12][13] Becafting .The Industrial district area creative .Melieuhi Benko G. Dunfoul M (eds). Idustrial Change and Regional Development [M].London:Belhaven,1991
[14]Pioremsj Sabel These scond industrial divided Possibilities for Prosperity[M]Newbrk :Basie Books,1984.
[15] Storperm,Lkerr.The capital istim Perative :Tebitory,teehnology and industrial growth [MI.NewYork:BasilBlackwell,1989.
[16] Rattir , Bramantia , Gori〕One.The dynamics of innovative regions: The Germyapproach[M]·Pairs:Ash gate Publishing Ltd,1997.
[17]Miehael E .Porter .Loeation ,Competition and Economic Development :LocalCluster Global Economy[J].Economy Development Quarterly,2000,14(l):15-34
[18]UNID .Supporting Private Industry-SME Cluster and Network Development Countries :The Experience of UNIDO[M].Work in paper 1999.No.2.
[19]谢荷锋企业员工知识分享中的信任问题实证研究[D]浙江大学2007
[20]郑也夫信任:溯源与定义[J]北京社会科学,1999,4:118-123
[21] Deutseh,M.The effect of motivational orientation upon trust and suspicion[J].Human Relations,1960(13):123-139.
[22] Seligman,A.1997, The Problem of Trust,Princeton,New Jersey:Prinston University Press ,13 [23]巴伯:《信任的逻辑与限度》(年斌、李红、范瑞平译),福建人民出版社,1989:10.
[24]亚当·斯密:《道德情操论》商务印书馆1998:106
[25]福山:《信任:社会道德和繁荣的创造》(中译本),远方出版社,1998:20
[26]肯尼思·普瑞斯等著,武康平译.以合作求竞争.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1998
[27]福山.信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣[M」.彭志华译.海南:海南出版社,2001.51-52
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[29]亚当·斯密:《道德情操论》商务印书馆1998:106
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[31] Hicks,F.,1976,Social Limits to Growth,Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,pp.78-79 ,
[32]《信任社会》,阿兰·佩雷菲特著,邱海婴译,商务印书馆2005:1
[33][35]Hind &J.Groegrel(eds.),Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior:190-211,Cambridge University Press
[34]吉登斯:《现代性与自我认同》(赵旭东、方文译),三联书店,1998:42-46
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[39] Sebel, C.F. Sdudied Trust:Buiding New Forms of Cooperation in a Volatile Economy[J].Human Relationgs,1993,46(9):1133-1170.
[40] Earle T.,Cvetkovich G.T.Social Trust:Toward Cosmopolitan Society[M].New York:Praeger.1995:38
[41] Hosmer,L. T. Trust:The connecting link been organizational theory and Philoso Phicaleethics. Academy of Management Review,1995,20(2),379-403
[42] Marek Korczynski. The political economy of trust[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2000,1.
[43] Mayer,Davish,Schoolman. An integrative model of organization trust[J」Academy of Management Review,1995,20(3):709-734.
[44] Luhman. Trust and Power[M].Chichester: John Wiley& Sons Ltd,1979.
[45] Barber. The Logic and limits of trust [M]NJ: Rutgers University Press,1983.
[46]郑也夫.信任论[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2003.
[47]科尔曼:《社会理论的基础》(上、下)(邓方译),社会科学文献出版社,1999年: 112-119; 360
[48]福山.信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣[M」.彭志华译.海南:海南出版社,2001.51-52
[49]彼得·什托姆普卡.信任—一种社会学理论[M].程胜利译北京:中华书局,2005
[50]福山:《信任:社会道德与繁荣的创造》[M] (李宛容译),远方出版社,1998: 35
[51]戴万亮产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势影响问题研究[J]天津商业大学2005 :42-43
[52] Nadvi K.Small Firm Districts in Pakistan,A Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy,University of Sussex,1996
[53]彼得·什托姆普卡.信任—一种社会学理论[M].程胜利译北京:中华书局,2005.
[54]Barnry J. There source一based theories of Competitive advantage :A ten一year retrospective On the resource- based view[J].Journal of Management, 2001,(27):643-650. (242-244)
[55]陈通.宏微观经济学[M]天津:天津大学出版社,2006.(246-247)。
[56][60]黄孝武.企业间信任问题理论述评[J].经济学动态,2002(10):59-64
[57] Luhmann,N.,1979,Trust and Power,Chichester:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
[68] M.Sako(1992),Prices,Quality and Trust:Interfirm Relations in Britain and Japan,Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press.
[59]王蔷.战略联盟内部的相互信任及其建立机制[J].南开管理论,2000(3):13-16.
[60]同[56]
[61]Marek Korczynski. The political economy of trust[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2000,1.
[62]Barber(1983).The Logic and Limits of Trust,New Bruns wick,NJ:Rutgers University Press.
[63]刘飞谈企业业务外包实施中的关系管理问题[J]商业时代2009,1:55,91
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[2]刘世锦中国产业集群蓝皮书—中国产业集群发展报告(2007—2008)[M]北京:中国发展出版社,9-11
[3]刘姝威我国信用体系建设亟待跨出三大步[N]上海证券报,2004-08-05
[4]仇保兴.小企业集群研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1999,4.
[5]谢荷锋企业员工知识分享中的信任问题实证研究[D]浙江大学:2007
[6] Marshall A: Principles of Economics[M], London :Macmillan. 1920(1890).
[7] Coase,R, The Nature of the Firm,Economica vol. 4,1937:P368-405.
[8] XiaoKai Yang and Ng Y.K; Theory of the Firm and Structure of Residual Rights, Journal of Economy Be-haviour and rgannisation ,1995:107-128.
[9] Krugman P: Geography and Trade. Cambridge[M], MA: MIT Prcs,1991:67-69
[10]马歇尔.经济学原理[M].廉运杰译.北京:华夏出版社,2005:451-502.
[11]韦伯.工业区位论[M].李刚剑译.北京:商务印书馆,1997:11-12
[12][13] Becafting .The Industrial district area creative .Melieuhi Benko G. Dunfoul M (eds). Idustrial Change and Regional Development [M].London:Belhaven,1991
[14]Pioremsj Sabel These scond industrial divided Possibilities for Prosperity[M]Newbrk :Basie Books,1984.
[15] Storperm,Lkerr.The capital istim Perative :Tebitory,teehnology and industrial growth [MI.NewYork:BasilBlackwell,1989.
[16] Rattir , Bramantia , Gori〕One.The dynamics of innovative regions: The Germyapproach[M]·Pairs:Ash gate Publishing Ltd,1997.
[17]Miehael E .Porter .Loeation ,Competition and Economic Development :LocalCluster Global Economy[J].Economy Development Quarterly,2000,14(l):15-34
[18]UNID .Supporting Private Industry-SME Cluster and Network Development Countries :The Experience of UNIDO[M].Work in paper 1999.No.2.
[19]谢荷锋企业员工知识分享中的信任问题实证研究[D]浙江大学2007
[20]郑也夫信任:溯源与定义[J]北京社会科学,1999,4:118-123
[21] Deutseh,M.The effect of motivational orientation upon trust and suspicion[J].Human Relations,1960(13):123-139.
[22] Seligman,A.1997, The Problem of Trust,Princeton,New Jersey:Prinston University Press ,13 [23]巴伯:《信任的逻辑与限度》(年斌、李红、范瑞平译),福建人民出版社,1989:10.
[24]亚当·斯密:《道德情操论》商务印书馆1998:106
[25]福山:《信任:社会道德和繁荣的创造》(中译本),远方出版社,1998:20
[26]肯尼思·普瑞斯等著,武康平译.以合作求竞争.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1998
[27]福山.信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣[M」.彭志华译.海南:海南出版社,2001.51-52
[28]肯尼思·普瑞斯等著,武康平译.以合作求竞争.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1998
[29]亚当·斯密:《道德情操论》商务印书馆1998:106
[30] Arrow K,1972,Grifts and Exchanges,in Philosophy and Public Affairs,Vol.I,pp.343~362.
[31] Hicks,F.,1976,Social Limits to Growth,Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,pp.78-79 ,
[32]《信任社会》,阿兰·佩雷菲特著,邱海婴译,商务印书馆2005:1
[33][35]Hind &J.Groegrel(eds.),Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior:190-211,Cambridge University Press
[34]吉登斯:《现代性与自我认同》(赵旭东、方文译),三联书店,1998:42-46
[36] Wrightsman , L·S Interpersonnal trust and attitudes toward human nature [A].Robinson,J.P.,Shaver,P.R.&Wrightsman,L.S.Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes.Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes[C].San Diego:Academic Press,1991,(l):373一412.
[37]吉登斯:《现代性的后果》(田禾译),译林出版社,2000:12,30
[38] Deusteh,M.TrustandsuSPieion[J].JournalofConfiietResolution,1958,2: 265-279
[39] Sebel, C.F. Sdudied Trust:Buiding New Forms of Cooperation in a Volatile Economy[J].Human Relationgs,1993,46(9):1133-1170.
[40] Earle T.,Cvetkovich G.T.Social Trust:Toward Cosmopolitan Society[M].New York:Praeger.1995:38
[41] Hosmer,L. T. Trust:The connecting link been organizational theory and Philoso Phicaleethics. Academy of Management Review,1995,20(2),379-403
[42] Marek Korczynski. The political economy of trust[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2000,1.
[43] Mayer,Davish,Schoolman. An integrative model of organization trust[J」Academy of Management Review,1995,20(3):709-734.
[44] Luhman. Trust and Power[M].Chichester: John Wiley& Sons Ltd,1979.
[45] Barber. The Logic and limits of trust [M]NJ: Rutgers University Press,1983.
[46]郑也夫.信任论[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2003.
[47]科尔曼:《社会理论的基础》(上、下)(邓方译),社会科学文献出版社,1999年: 112-119; 360
[48]福山.信任:社会美德与创造经济繁荣[M」.彭志华译.海南:海南出版社,2001.51-52
[49]彼得·什托姆普卡.信任—一种社会学理论[M].程胜利译北京:中华书局,2005
[50]福山:《信任:社会道德与繁荣的创造》[M] (李宛容译),远方出版社,1998: 35
[51]戴万亮产业集群企业间信任资源对企业竞争优势影响问题研究[J]天津商业大学2005 :42-43
[52] Nadvi K.Small Firm Districts in Pakistan,A Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy,University of Sussex,1996
[53]彼得·什托姆普卡.信任—一种社会学理论[M].程胜利译北京:中华书局,2005.
[54]Barnry J. There source一based theories of Competitive advantage :A ten一year retrospective On the resource- based view[J].Journal of Management, 2001,(27):643-650. (242-244)
[55]陈通.宏微观经济学[M]天津:天津大学出版社,2006.(246-247)。
[56][60]黄孝武.企业间信任问题理论述评[J].经济学动态,2002(10):59-64
[57] Luhmann,N.,1979,Trust and Power,Chichester:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
[68] M.Sako(1992),Prices,Quality and Trust:Interfirm Relations in Britain and Japan,Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press.
[59]王蔷.战略联盟内部的相互信任及其建立机制[J].南开管理论,2000(3):13-16.
[60]同[56]
[61]Marek Korczynski. The political economy of trust[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2000,1.
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