苏北盆地下第三系隐蔽油气藏预测与评价
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摘要
苏北盆地是一个勘探程度相对较高的盆地,油气勘探逐渐进入隐蔽油气藏勘探阶段。如何有效地应用层序地层学理论和三维地震资料进行隐蔽圈闭预测是目前进行隐蔽油气藏勘探中最敏感的课题。本文利用三维地震、测井、钻井和岩芯等资料,对苏北盆地下第三系进行层序地层学研究,划分了沉积层序,建立了各层序的沉积模式。综合地质、测井和钻井资料,依靠先进的地震特殊处理和解释新技术,包括提高地震分辨率的各种处理技术、高精度的层位标定技术、三维可视化解释技术、地震相干分析技术、属性分析技术、测井约束反演技术等,对隐蔽油气藏目标进行识别、解释和成藏研究,最后指出盆地内隐蔽油气臧的有利目标。
依据地震、钻井、测井和岩芯等资料中的层序地层特征,可将苏北盆地下第三系划分为2个二级层序,8个三级层序。对三级层序进行了体系域划分。在8个三级层序中识别出低位、湖侵和高位体系域的不同组合。根据层序地层和构造分析,建立了高邮凹陷西部具断裂坡折带和东部斜坡无明显坡折带的层序地层样式。
苏北盆地具有隐蔽油气藏成藏的有利条件,断层是隐蔽油气藏成藏的关键因素,能起到沟通油源和侧向封堵的双重作用。湖底扇、三角洲前缘、扇三角洲前缘和近岸水下扇扇中等为有利的储集岩相带。
以层序地层学理论为指导,充分应用现代地震勘探新技术(主要指高分辨率地震、多属性提取、三维可视化、相干体分析、测井约束反演、储层横向预测等技术),形成了一套识别和描述隐蔽圈闭的技术系列,并在高邮凹陷马家嘴—联盟庄地区、金湖凹陷刘庄北地区三维地震解释中找到了一批有利隐蔽圈闭,在综合评价的基础上提供钻探目标六个。
描述裂缝储层的主要参数有裂缝的形状、方位和密度等,这也是控制产油产气的主要因素。本文简要介绍盐城凹陷泥岩裂缝储层的地质特征与测井特征,应用不同观测方位的三分量地震转换波资料,九分量VSP资料,以及3D特殊地震属性等资料的综合分析,对裂缝段进行了横向预测和描述的方法探索。结合AVO、反演及地震属性提取等手段,预测了该裂缝段的裂缝密度和主方位角。
With the relatively higher degree of prospecting, the subtle reservoir in Subei basin was considered as an important exploration direction. Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. In this paper, using sufficiently 3D seismic data, drilling data, log data and core data, stratum sequence Lower Tertiary Subei basin is partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode is built. Integrated using geology、 log、 drilling data, special seismic processing technique, interpretation technique, including high resolution seismic data processing method, high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation, seismic coherence analyze, attribute analyze, logging-constrained inversion, subtle trap objects were identified and interpreted .Finally, advantage objects of subtle trap in this area were determined.Based on the analysis of seismic data, borehole and well logging and core of Lower Tertiary Subei Basin, two second level sequences and 8 third sequences have been identified. System tracts were also identified within each sequence. Each of the 8 sequences consists of either complete lowstand, transgressive and highstand system tracts or one or two of them. Based on sequence stratigraphy and structural analysis , sequence pattern in Gaoyou sag may be described as the west part with fault break and east slop without break.There are a couple of favorable conditions to form subtle trap reservoirs in Subei basin. Fault is the key factor of subtle traps to oil accumulation, and has the function of linking reservoir and lateral sealing. The favorable oil bearing facies belts include sublacustrine fan, delta front, fan delta front and the central part of subaqueous fan.Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy, a suite of techniques for identification and description of subtle traps have been developed based on modern new technologies of seismic exploration such as high resolution seismic processing , multi attribute extraction , 3D visualization , coherence analysis , well constrained seismic inversion , reservoir lateral prediction. A number of subtle traps have been found during the 3D seismic interpretation on data in Majiazui & Lianmengzhuang 3D seismic project Gaoyou sag and Liuzhuanbei Jinghu sag 3D seismic project. With the data mentioned above and analysis on the petroleum geologic conditions, 6 favorable areas for subtle trap exploration are put forward.Production from fractured reservoirs is controlled primarily by the shape, orientation and concentration of the fractures. In this paper, evidence of fractures from cores and borehole image logs were integrated with 3-component seismic converted wave data in different directions, 9-component VSP, and 3D seismic reflection data, to develop an understanding of how the seismic data relate to the fracture. AVO, seismic inversion data, and other attributes of seismic reflection data was used to detect and characterize fracture density and dominating fracture azimuth in Yancheng sag.
依据地震、钻井、测井和岩芯等资料中的层序地层特征,可将苏北盆地下第三系划分为2个二级层序,8个三级层序。对三级层序进行了体系域划分。在8个三级层序中识别出低位、湖侵和高位体系域的不同组合。根据层序地层和构造分析,建立了高邮凹陷西部具断裂坡折带和东部斜坡无明显坡折带的层序地层样式。
苏北盆地具有隐蔽油气藏成藏的有利条件,断层是隐蔽油气藏成藏的关键因素,能起到沟通油源和侧向封堵的双重作用。湖底扇、三角洲前缘、扇三角洲前缘和近岸水下扇扇中等为有利的储集岩相带。
以层序地层学理论为指导,充分应用现代地震勘探新技术(主要指高分辨率地震、多属性提取、三维可视化、相干体分析、测井约束反演、储层横向预测等技术),形成了一套识别和描述隐蔽圈闭的技术系列,并在高邮凹陷马家嘴—联盟庄地区、金湖凹陷刘庄北地区三维地震解释中找到了一批有利隐蔽圈闭,在综合评价的基础上提供钻探目标六个。
描述裂缝储层的主要参数有裂缝的形状、方位和密度等,这也是控制产油产气的主要因素。本文简要介绍盐城凹陷泥岩裂缝储层的地质特征与测井特征,应用不同观测方位的三分量地震转换波资料,九分量VSP资料,以及3D特殊地震属性等资料的综合分析,对裂缝段进行了横向预测和描述的方法探索。结合AVO、反演及地震属性提取等手段,预测了该裂缝段的裂缝密度和主方位角。
With the relatively higher degree of prospecting, the subtle reservoir in Subei basin was considered as an important exploration direction. Forecasting subtle traps by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. In this paper, using sufficiently 3D seismic data, drilling data, log data and core data, stratum sequence Lower Tertiary Subei basin is partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode is built. Integrated using geology、 log、 drilling data, special seismic processing technique, interpretation technique, including high resolution seismic data processing method, high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation, seismic coherence analyze, attribute analyze, logging-constrained inversion, subtle trap objects were identified and interpreted .Finally, advantage objects of subtle trap in this area were determined.Based on the analysis of seismic data, borehole and well logging and core of Lower Tertiary Subei Basin, two second level sequences and 8 third sequences have been identified. System tracts were also identified within each sequence. Each of the 8 sequences consists of either complete lowstand, transgressive and highstand system tracts or one or two of them. Based on sequence stratigraphy and structural analysis , sequence pattern in Gaoyou sag may be described as the west part with fault break and east slop without break.There are a couple of favorable conditions to form subtle trap reservoirs in Subei basin. Fault is the key factor of subtle traps to oil accumulation, and has the function of linking reservoir and lateral sealing. The favorable oil bearing facies belts include sublacustrine fan, delta front, fan delta front and the central part of subaqueous fan.Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy, a suite of techniques for identification and description of subtle traps have been developed based on modern new technologies of seismic exploration such as high resolution seismic processing , multi attribute extraction , 3D visualization , coherence analysis , well constrained seismic inversion , reservoir lateral prediction. A number of subtle traps have been found during the 3D seismic interpretation on data in Majiazui & Lianmengzhuang 3D seismic project Gaoyou sag and Liuzhuanbei Jinghu sag 3D seismic project. With the data mentioned above and analysis on the petroleum geologic conditions, 6 favorable areas for subtle trap exploration are put forward.Production from fractured reservoirs is controlled primarily by the shape, orientation and concentration of the fractures. In this paper, evidence of fractures from cores and borehole image logs were integrated with 3-component seismic converted wave data in different directions, 9-component VSP, and 3D seismic reflection data, to develop an understanding of how the seismic data relate to the fracture. AVO, seismic inversion data, and other attributes of seismic reflection data was used to detect and characterize fracture density and dominating fracture azimuth in Yancheng sag.
引文
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