苏皖地区中、新生代层序地层研究及其在油气勘探开发中的应用
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摘要
苏皖地区在地层区划上隶属扬子地层区,其内部又可划分为下扬子地层分区和江南地层分区。本文主要以层序地层学观点为理论指导和技术手段,充分利用野外露头、钻井岩芯、测井和地震等资料,对苏皖地区上三叠统—新近系陆相地层进行层序地层学特征和构造—层序岩相古地理特征与演化等方面的综合研究。
     (1)系统清理了研究区中新、生代陆相地层,确定了岩石地层与年代地层之间的对应关系并进行全区对比。
     (2)根据对野外露头、钻井岩芯和测井等资料的综合分析,确定研究区陆相沉积盆地发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、河流、湖泊三角洲、湖泊和湖底扇等种沉积体系,总体上可归结为以扇型沉积体系为主的三种沉积模式,其一为近岸水下扇的单一扇沉积模式,其二为扇三角洲—湖底扇组合的二级扇沉积模式,其三为冲积扇—三角洲—湖底扇组合的三级扇沉积模式。
     (3)以层序地层学理论为指导思想,以构造层序和沉积层序为研究对象,对研究区上三叠统—新近系陆相地层进行了层序地层学分析,共划分出12个构造层序和28个沉积层序,讨论了各构造层序发育特征;以构造层序为框架,以构造层序的层序界面和最大洪泛面为等时地层对比标志,以沉积层序为等时地层对比单元建立层序地层格架并进行对比,确定各构造层序的平面展布特征。
     (4)以构造层序的层序界面和最大洪泛面为编图单元边界,以构造层序的湖盆扩张体系域和湖盆收缩体系域为编图单元编制构造—层序岩相古地理图,分别代表湖盆扩张期和湖盆收缩期的岩相古地理面貌,重点分析了各构造层序湖盆扩张期和湖盆收缩期的沉积盆地发育状况、岩相古地理演化特征及其时空展布规律。
     (5)结合已有的分析化验资料和前人研究成果,在层序划分及建立层序地层格架的基础上,重点分析了烃源岩,储集层和盖层在层序地层格架中的分布规律和组合特征,在此基础上对研究区陆相中、新生代地层进行了含油气系统分析。
     (6)以苏北盆地高邮凹陷马家嘴—联盟庄地区为重点区块,以古近系始新统戴南组为目的层位进行精细的层序地层分析,在此基础上,结合已有的研究成果分析该地区的成藏地质条件,为该区进一步的油气勘探提供更为可靠的沉积学和层序地层学依据。
On the stratigraphic regionalization, the region of Jiangsu and Anhui area is belongto Yangtze Stratigraphic Region, Huanan Stratigraphic Super Region. It can be dividedinto two parts by the boundary of line of Shitai—Xuancheng—Changzhou which arenorth Lower Yangtze Stratigraphy Area and south Jiangnan Stratigraphy Area. Takingthe sequence stratigraphic standpoint as the theories guides and technique means,making usefulness of outcrop, drilling cores, logging and seismic data, the authorproceeded a comprehensive study of the characteristics of sequence stratigraphy, thelithofacies paleogeography characters and evolution of tectonic-sequence and otheraspects of the continental stages from Upper Triassicis to Neogene in the region ofJiangsu and Anhui area.
     (1) Systematically reorganized the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic continentalstages of research area, determined the relationship between lithostratigraphy andchronostratigraphy, further studied on the correlation of the whole research area.
     (2) On the comprehensive analysis of outcrop, drilling cores, logging and otherdata, the author considered there are seven kinds of depositional system in thesedimentary basin of research area, which are alluvial fan, fan delta, nearshoresubaqueous fan, fluvial facies, lake delta, lacustrine, and sublacustrine fan. It can begeneralized to three kinds of sedimentary model which regarded the sedimentary systemof fan as principle, the first sedimentary model is simple-stage fan which is constitutedby nearshore subaqueous fan only, the second is two-stage fan which is the combinationof fan delta and sublacustrine fan, the third is triple-stage fan which is the combinationof alluvial fan, delta and sublacustrine fan.
     (3) Taking the sequence stratigraphic theory as the guiding thought, regarding thetectonic sequence and sedimentary sequence as objects, the author divided the LateMesozoic and Cenozoic continental stages of research area into twelve tectonicsequence and twenty-eight sedimentary sequence, further studied the characteristics ofall tectonic sequence. On the base of these research findings, regarded the tectonic sequence as frame, regarded the sequence boundary and maximum-flooding surface oftectonic sequence as the marker of chronostratigraphic correlation, regarded thesedimentary sequence as units of chronostratigraphic correlation, establishedtime-sequence stratigraphic framework of cross sections which cross the Cretaceous andAncient Near Discipline stratum, studied the details of the characteristics of the tabulatedistribution of the tectonic sequence.
     (4) Regarded the sequence boundary and maximum-flooding surface of tectonicsequence as the boundary, regarded the lake basin expansion systems tract and lakebasin contraction systems tract as the map-making units to establish lithofacies andpaleogeography maps of the tectonic- sequence, represent the lithofacies andpaleogeography feature of lake basin expansion and contraction. Emphasis on studiedthe development status of sedimentary basin, evolution characteristics and exhibition ofspace-time of lithofacies and paleogeography.
     (5) Pass to make analysis of the collecting samples and associative them with theanalytic data and research findings which have been acquired, on the base of sequencedividing and establishing the sequence-stratigraphic framework, analysed theregularities distribution and the characteristics of combination of hydrocarbon sourcerock, reservoir and cap rock, on the base of these studies, the author further studied thecharacteristics of the petroleum system of continental stages of research area fromUpper Triassicis to Neogene.
     (6) Regarded Majiazui-Lianmenzhuang area of Gaoyou Subbasin in Subei Basinas major block, regarded Dainan Formation as major layer, made a detailed analysis ofseismic stratigraphy and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, on the base of thesestudies, associative them with research findings which have been acquired to analyzethe favourable exploration targets and supply the reliable sedimentary and sequencestratigraphic evidence to proceed exploration and development of oil and gas.
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