江苏省专利产出与专利战略分析
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摘要
在当今知识经济时代,拥有专利的数量和质量在很大程度上决定了一个国家或地区的市场竞争力和综合实力。我国加入WTO,国内企业置身于更加开放和激烈的竞争环境中,而江苏省作为我国开放经济大省,面临的国内国外的竞争将更加激烈。虽然江苏省近年来专利发展速度很快,但总体水平并不高。因此,研究专利发展情况,运用专利战略,对提高江苏省的综合竞争力具有极其重要的意义。
本文以江苏省专利产出为研究对象,运用比较研究和统计分析的方法,尽可能的从定量分析的角度加以分析。具体结构分为以下几部分:
第一部分是导论。介绍了研究的目的、意义、国内外研究现状以及论文的研究框架和技术路线。
第二部分是江苏省专利产出的现状分析。从专利产出的结构、职务与非职务专利构成、地区间的比较等多个角度对专利产出的特征及存在的问题作了认真分析;并且在此基础上结合科技投入情况,运用熵权法对江苏、北京、上海、浙江、山东和广州这几个科技发达省份的专利产出情况进行综合评价,从而从整体上把握江苏省创新的优势与不足。综合评价结果显示江苏省在北京等6个科技发达省份中位于中等偏下水平。
第三部分是江苏省专利产出的影响因素分析。本部分采用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了这些影响因素与专利产出之间的相关性大小,发现科技投入等因素和国内生产总值对于江苏的专利产出影响都很大,其中江苏省R&D经费支出占GDP比重这一因素对于专利申请量的影响程度最大,回归分析的结果也与关联度分析结果一致。
第四部分是江苏省专利产出发展趋势的预测分析。专利的发展趋势对发展战略的制定也具有突出的重要性,因此,本文采用组合预测模型预测了江苏省今后三年专利的发展趋势,为专利战略的提出和实施提供依据。
第五部分是江苏省专利战略的分析。基于以上的分析,结合江苏省省情,在本章进一步探讨了适合江苏的专利战略目标、战略重点和对策。为推动江苏省科技进步,提高经济核心竞争力提供参考。
第六部分结论和研究展望。在归纳本文分析和研究的结论基础上,对本文的研究做出后续研究展望。
It’s the knowledge-based economy times, the quantity and the quality of patents has decided a national or a region’s strength of the market competition and the comprehensive strength. As our country joins WTO, the domestic enterprises are places in the open and intense competitions. Jiangsu Province is one of the biggest open-economy provinces in our country, which is facing with the more intense competitions.
This paper takes the patent output of Jiangsu province as the object of study by the comparison research and the statistical analysis methods and as far as possible by the quantitative analysis. The main contents of this paper are:
The first part is introduction. It has introduced the research goal, the significance, the present research situations and the research frame and the technical route.
The second part is the present situation analysis of Jiangsu Province patent output. First this article has analyzed the present situation of Jiangsu patents output, which analyze the characteristics and the problems of patent output from many directions such as the patent output structure, the comparison between the local regions. And with consideration of science and technology input, this paper carry on the synthesis evaluate of situation and strength of patent output in Jiangsu, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong and the Guangzhou by entropy-weight method, base on which we can grasp the superiority and the insufficiency of innovation of Jiangsu from the whole. The synthesis evaluation result showed Jiangsu Province is located the medium under level in the six provinces.
The third part is the influence factor analysis of the Jiangsu Province patent output. It has studied the factors which influence patent output of Jiangsu, used the gray connection degree analyze the correlation between the factors and patent output. The result show that the influence of the factors—ratio of R&D funds to GDP—is the largest one, and its consistent with the result of regression analysis.
The fourth part is the development tendency analysis of patent output forecast of Jiangsu province. Forecast analysis of patent output has the prominent importance to the developmental strategy, the paper will use the combination forecast model to forecast the Jiangsu patent in next three years. This also provides the basis for patent strategy.
The fifth part is the analysis of Jiangsu Province patent strategy. Based on the above analysis, further discuss about Jiangsu patent strategy, the key of strategy and according countermeasures has been made, which provide the reference to Jiangsu in order to advance in technology, enhance the core competitive ability of economy.
The last part concludes this paper. After summarizing this analysis, it puts forward some defects and further study of this topic.
本文以江苏省专利产出为研究对象,运用比较研究和统计分析的方法,尽可能的从定量分析的角度加以分析。具体结构分为以下几部分:
第一部分是导论。介绍了研究的目的、意义、国内外研究现状以及论文的研究框架和技术路线。
第二部分是江苏省专利产出的现状分析。从专利产出的结构、职务与非职务专利构成、地区间的比较等多个角度对专利产出的特征及存在的问题作了认真分析;并且在此基础上结合科技投入情况,运用熵权法对江苏、北京、上海、浙江、山东和广州这几个科技发达省份的专利产出情况进行综合评价,从而从整体上把握江苏省创新的优势与不足。综合评价结果显示江苏省在北京等6个科技发达省份中位于中等偏下水平。
第三部分是江苏省专利产出的影响因素分析。本部分采用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了这些影响因素与专利产出之间的相关性大小,发现科技投入等因素和国内生产总值对于江苏的专利产出影响都很大,其中江苏省R&D经费支出占GDP比重这一因素对于专利申请量的影响程度最大,回归分析的结果也与关联度分析结果一致。
第四部分是江苏省专利产出发展趋势的预测分析。专利的发展趋势对发展战略的制定也具有突出的重要性,因此,本文采用组合预测模型预测了江苏省今后三年专利的发展趋势,为专利战略的提出和实施提供依据。
第五部分是江苏省专利战略的分析。基于以上的分析,结合江苏省省情,在本章进一步探讨了适合江苏的专利战略目标、战略重点和对策。为推动江苏省科技进步,提高经济核心竞争力提供参考。
第六部分结论和研究展望。在归纳本文分析和研究的结论基础上,对本文的研究做出后续研究展望。
It’s the knowledge-based economy times, the quantity and the quality of patents has decided a national or a region’s strength of the market competition and the comprehensive strength. As our country joins WTO, the domestic enterprises are places in the open and intense competitions. Jiangsu Province is one of the biggest open-economy provinces in our country, which is facing with the more intense competitions.
This paper takes the patent output of Jiangsu province as the object of study by the comparison research and the statistical analysis methods and as far as possible by the quantitative analysis. The main contents of this paper are:
The first part is introduction. It has introduced the research goal, the significance, the present research situations and the research frame and the technical route.
The second part is the present situation analysis of Jiangsu Province patent output. First this article has analyzed the present situation of Jiangsu patents output, which analyze the characteristics and the problems of patent output from many directions such as the patent output structure, the comparison between the local regions. And with consideration of science and technology input, this paper carry on the synthesis evaluate of situation and strength of patent output in Jiangsu, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong and the Guangzhou by entropy-weight method, base on which we can grasp the superiority and the insufficiency of innovation of Jiangsu from the whole. The synthesis evaluation result showed Jiangsu Province is located the medium under level in the six provinces.
The third part is the influence factor analysis of the Jiangsu Province patent output. It has studied the factors which influence patent output of Jiangsu, used the gray connection degree analyze the correlation between the factors and patent output. The result show that the influence of the factors—ratio of R&D funds to GDP—is the largest one, and its consistent with the result of regression analysis.
The fourth part is the development tendency analysis of patent output forecast of Jiangsu province. Forecast analysis of patent output has the prominent importance to the developmental strategy, the paper will use the combination forecast model to forecast the Jiangsu patent in next three years. This also provides the basis for patent strategy.
The fifth part is the analysis of Jiangsu Province patent strategy. Based on the above analysis, further discuss about Jiangsu patent strategy, the key of strategy and according countermeasures has been made, which provide the reference to Jiangsu in order to advance in technology, enhance the core competitive ability of economy.
The last part concludes this paper. After summarizing this analysis, it puts forward some defects and further study of this topic.
引文
[1] 包海波,徐竹青.专利与技术创新、经济增长的互动关系——浙江专利战略的微观机制研究[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2005,(5):23-25.
[2] 陈昌柏.知识产权经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[3] 陈美章.专利制度在我国科技进步和经济发展中的作用[J].知识产权,1998,(2):52-54.
[4] 丁红林,罗建华.知识产权在经济发展中的作用及对 GDP 增长贡献份额的测度[J].长沙大学学报,2004,(9):36-38. [5 ] F.M.谢勒.技术创新——经济增长的原动力[M].北京:新华出版社,2001:
[6] 高雯雯,孙成江,刘玉奎.中国专利产出与经济增长的协整分析[J].情报杂志,2006 ,(1):34-37.
[7] 葛仁良,魏雪君.广东专利投入产出效率的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2005,(3):16-18.
[8] 郭丽峰,高志前.从专利结构看我国自主知识产权发展基础[J].统计与决策,2004,(3):26-28.
[9] 古利平,张宗益,康继军.专利与 R&D 资源:中国创新的投入产出分析[J].管理工程学报,2006,(1):13-16.
[10] 黄庆等.专利评价指标体系[J].知识产权,2004,(5):36-41.
[11] 华鹰.论企业技术创新中的专利战略[J]. 重庆工学院学报,2005,(4)45-47.
[12] 蒋逊明,朱雪忠.区域性专利战略探析[J].研究与发展管理,2003,(8):34-36.
[13] 鞠树成.中国专利产出与经济增长关系的实证研究[J]. 科学管理研究, 2005,(10):21-22.
[14] 蒋逊明,朱雪忠. 区域性专利战略探析[J]. 研究与发展管理,2003,(8)34-36.
[15] 刘华.专利制度与经济增长[J].中国软科学,2002,(10):25-26.
[16] 刘华.专利制度与经济增长:理论与现实——对中国专利制度运行绩效的评估[J]. 中国软科学,2002,(10):51-53.
[17] 刘月娥.知识产权保护与技术创新[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2002.
[18] 刘华.知识产权制度的理性与绩效分析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[19] 刘凤朝.基于灰色系统理论的中国专利分析与预测[J].情报杂志,2004,(12):25-27.
[20] 刘凤朝,潘雄峰.15 个副省级城市专利发展状况评价与分析[J].情报科学,2004,(8):37-39.
[21] 刘凤朝,潘雄峰.我国八大经济区专利结构分布及其变动模式研究[J].中国软科学,2004,(6):21-24.
[22] 栾明,赵黎明.组合预测方法在 R&D 支出预测中的应用[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(1):47-48.
[23] 皮·杜阿尔.国家技术创新体系评价[J].经济学动态,1994,(2):52-53.
[24] 戚昌文,刘平,邵洋.发达国家与发展中国家的专利战略比较研究[J].华中理工大学学报(社会科学版).1995,(4):23-25.
[25] 权轶,张勇传.组合预测方法中权重算法和应用[J].科技创业月刊,2006,(5):43-46.
[26] 谭文华.福建省专利产出的结构性缺陷及对策[J].科技进步与对策,2005,(1):17-19.
[27] 王伟.专利发展趋势预测模型的选择[J].科技情报开发与经济.2003,(2):39-40.
[28] 徐晟,赵惠芳,谢玮.城市专利战略特征及层次分析———合肥市专利战略案例研究[J].华东经济管理,2005,(3):19-21.
[29] 杨启全,吕力之.美国知识产权战略研究及其启示[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(2):23-24.
[30] 杨林村.国家专利战略研究[M]. 北京:科学技术部知识产权事务中心,2004.
[32] 赵其国.辽宁省专利申请结构分析与预测[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004,(11):25-26.
[33] 张正铀.对广西实施专利战略的一些思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003,7:13-14.
[34] 国家知识产权战略专家论坛[N].经济参考报,2004,7(7)
[35] Archibugi, D., Pianta, M. Measuring technological change through patents and innovation surveys[J].Technovation ,1996,16 (9),451–468.
[36] COMMISION ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy[EB/OL] http://iprcommission.org/graphic/documents/finalreport.htm.
[37] David C. Mowery,,Arvids A. Ziedonis. Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United State[sJ]. Research Policy,2002,31.
[38] Kazuyuki Motohashi , Japan’s Patent System and Business Innovation; Reassessing Pro-patent Policies[EB/OL], http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/03e020.pdf.
[39] Liu, S., Shyu, J..Strategic planning for technology development with patent analysis[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1997, 13: 661–680.
[40] Mogee, M.E.Using patent data for technology analysis and planning[J].Research-Technology Management,1991, 34: 43–49.
[41] Michael K. Fung,William W. Chow.Measuring the intensity of knowledge flow with patent statistics[J]. Economic letter,2002.
[42] Pavitt, K .Sectoral patterns of technical change[J]. Research Policy,1984,13:343–373.
[43] Paci, R,Sassu.A. International patents and national technological specialization[J].Technovation , 1997,17 (1): 25–38.
[44] Yum K.Kwan,Edwin L-C.Lai..Intellectual property rights protection and endogenous economic growth[J].Journal of Economic Dynamics&Control,2003,16.
[2] 陈昌柏.知识产权经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[3] 陈美章.专利制度在我国科技进步和经济发展中的作用[J].知识产权,1998,(2):52-54.
[4] 丁红林,罗建华.知识产权在经济发展中的作用及对 GDP 增长贡献份额的测度[J].长沙大学学报,2004,(9):36-38. [5 ] F.M.谢勒.技术创新——经济增长的原动力[M].北京:新华出版社,2001:
[6] 高雯雯,孙成江,刘玉奎.中国专利产出与经济增长的协整分析[J].情报杂志,2006 ,(1):34-37.
[7] 葛仁良,魏雪君.广东专利投入产出效率的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2005,(3):16-18.
[8] 郭丽峰,高志前.从专利结构看我国自主知识产权发展基础[J].统计与决策,2004,(3):26-28.
[9] 古利平,张宗益,康继军.专利与 R&D 资源:中国创新的投入产出分析[J].管理工程学报,2006,(1):13-16.
[10] 黄庆等.专利评价指标体系[J].知识产权,2004,(5):36-41.
[11] 华鹰.论企业技术创新中的专利战略[J]. 重庆工学院学报,2005,(4)45-47.
[12] 蒋逊明,朱雪忠.区域性专利战略探析[J].研究与发展管理,2003,(8):34-36.
[13] 鞠树成.中国专利产出与经济增长关系的实证研究[J]. 科学管理研究, 2005,(10):21-22.
[14] 蒋逊明,朱雪忠. 区域性专利战略探析[J]. 研究与发展管理,2003,(8)34-36.
[15] 刘华.专利制度与经济增长[J].中国软科学,2002,(10):25-26.
[16] 刘华.专利制度与经济增长:理论与现实——对中国专利制度运行绩效的评估[J]. 中国软科学,2002,(10):51-53.
[17] 刘月娥.知识产权保护与技术创新[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2002.
[18] 刘华.知识产权制度的理性与绩效分析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[19] 刘凤朝.基于灰色系统理论的中国专利分析与预测[J].情报杂志,2004,(12):25-27.
[20] 刘凤朝,潘雄峰.15 个副省级城市专利发展状况评价与分析[J].情报科学,2004,(8):37-39.
[21] 刘凤朝,潘雄峰.我国八大经济区专利结构分布及其变动模式研究[J].中国软科学,2004,(6):21-24.
[22] 栾明,赵黎明.组合预测方法在 R&D 支出预测中的应用[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(1):47-48.
[23] 皮·杜阿尔.国家技术创新体系评价[J].经济学动态,1994,(2):52-53.
[24] 戚昌文,刘平,邵洋.发达国家与发展中国家的专利战略比较研究[J].华中理工大学学报(社会科学版).1995,(4):23-25.
[25] 权轶,张勇传.组合预测方法中权重算法和应用[J].科技创业月刊,2006,(5):43-46.
[26] 谭文华.福建省专利产出的结构性缺陷及对策[J].科技进步与对策,2005,(1):17-19.
[27] 王伟.专利发展趋势预测模型的选择[J].科技情报开发与经济.2003,(2):39-40.
[28] 徐晟,赵惠芳,谢玮.城市专利战略特征及层次分析———合肥市专利战略案例研究[J].华东经济管理,2005,(3):19-21.
[29] 杨启全,吕力之.美国知识产权战略研究及其启示[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(2):23-24.
[30] 杨林村.国家专利战略研究[M]. 北京:科学技术部知识产权事务中心,2004.
[32] 赵其国.辽宁省专利申请结构分析与预测[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004,(11):25-26.
[33] 张正铀.对广西实施专利战略的一些思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003,7:13-14.
[34] 国家知识产权战略专家论坛[N].经济参考报,2004,7(7)
[35] Archibugi, D., Pianta, M. Measuring technological change through patents and innovation surveys[J].Technovation ,1996,16 (9),451–468.
[36] COMMISION ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy[EB/OL] http://iprcommission.org/graphic/documents/finalreport.htm.
[37] David C. Mowery,,Arvids A. Ziedonis. Academic patent quality and quantity before and after the Bayh-Dole act in the United State[sJ]. Research Policy,2002,31.
[38] Kazuyuki Motohashi , Japan’s Patent System and Business Innovation; Reassessing Pro-patent Policies[EB/OL], http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/03e020.pdf.
[39] Liu, S., Shyu, J..Strategic planning for technology development with patent analysis[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1997, 13: 661–680.
[40] Mogee, M.E.Using patent data for technology analysis and planning[J].Research-Technology Management,1991, 34: 43–49.
[41] Michael K. Fung,William W. Chow.Measuring the intensity of knowledge flow with patent statistics[J]. Economic letter,2002.
[42] Pavitt, K .Sectoral patterns of technical change[J]. Research Policy,1984,13:343–373.
[43] Paci, R,Sassu.A. International patents and national technological specialization[J].Technovation , 1997,17 (1): 25–38.
[44] Yum K.Kwan,Edwin L-C.Lai..Intellectual property rights protection and endogenous economic growth[J].Journal of Economic Dynamics&Control,2003,16.