大型钢铁企业甩挂运输实证研究
摘要
钢铁企业作为典型的生产型企业,并且钢铁的生产对物料需求量大、工艺繁杂、废弃物多且温度高等特点,决定了其物流的发展对生产工作有着很大的影响,目前很多大型钢铁企业内的物流存在诸多问题,尤其是运输车辆的效率低下,极大的增加了厂区运输的成本,同时也对钢铁的生产工作造成影响。这就需要对运输车辆在各个装卸点的行车次序进行一种合理高效的安排,达到满足生产单位运输需要的同时,也实现物流成本下降、企业利润增加的目的。介于上述情况,本文提出在厂区可使用半挂车的作业点开展循环甩挂运输的车辆组织模式,以此来改善车辆等待时间长、大量占用人力物力运力的现状。
本文首先列举了大型钢厂内的运输特征,针对不同的实际需要来选用不同的运输方式,同时指出汽车已经逐步的替代铁路成为运输的主力军。并且详述了目前厂区内运输存在的诸多问题,结合甩挂运输的优势说明了选取甩挂运输的原因和可行性。然后,建立了循环甩挂调度模型,通过比较在解决车辆路径优化问题时各种算法的优劣,最终选取遗传算法进行求解。最后,通过太原钢铁厂的实证研究来比较甩挂运输方式和传统运输方式的优劣,从而体现出甩挂运输的降低运输成本,提升企业竞争力的优势。
Iron and steel enterprises is a typical production-oriented enterprise. The development of its logistics has a significant impact on production work, of which the feature is high demand materials, complicated process, much waste and high temperature determines. There are many problems in logistics of the large steel companies, especially the poor condition of the efficiency of transport vehicles greatly increases the transportation cost of the plant and affect the production of steel.This requires a reasonable and efficient arrangement of transport vehicles in the traffic order for loading and unloading points to meet the transportation needs of the production units,and to achieve the purpose of reducing the logistics cost, increasing the corporate profits.Based on the above, the Semitrailer can be used in the plant operating points for the cycle to pull transport vehicles organizational model, in order to improve the situation of the vehicles to wait a long time and taking up a large number of human,material resources capacity
This paper first lists the transport characteristics within the large steel mills, choosing a different mode of transport for different actual needs, and also pointed out that the car has been gradually substituted railway to become the main force in the transport.Many problems exist in the transport of the plant area are detailed
At the same time, combined with the advantages of the pull transport, the selected pull transport reasons and feasibility is explained. Then a loop rejection linked to scheduling model is created. By compare the pros and cons of the various algorithms to solve the VRP, a genetic algorithm is selected ultimately. Finally, through comparing the pros and cons of the traditional mode of transport and the pull transport in the empirical study of the Taiyuan Iron and Steel Works, the advantage of the pull transport to reduce transport costs and enhance competitiveness of enterprises is reflected.
本文首先列举了大型钢厂内的运输特征,针对不同的实际需要来选用不同的运输方式,同时指出汽车已经逐步的替代铁路成为运输的主力军。并且详述了目前厂区内运输存在的诸多问题,结合甩挂运输的优势说明了选取甩挂运输的原因和可行性。然后,建立了循环甩挂调度模型,通过比较在解决车辆路径优化问题时各种算法的优劣,最终选取遗传算法进行求解。最后,通过太原钢铁厂的实证研究来比较甩挂运输方式和传统运输方式的优劣,从而体现出甩挂运输的降低运输成本,提升企业竞争力的优势。
Iron and steel enterprises is a typical production-oriented enterprise. The development of its logistics has a significant impact on production work, of which the feature is high demand materials, complicated process, much waste and high temperature determines. There are many problems in logistics of the large steel companies, especially the poor condition of the efficiency of transport vehicles greatly increases the transportation cost of the plant and affect the production of steel.This requires a reasonable and efficient arrangement of transport vehicles in the traffic order for loading and unloading points to meet the transportation needs of the production units,and to achieve the purpose of reducing the logistics cost, increasing the corporate profits.Based on the above, the Semitrailer can be used in the plant operating points for the cycle to pull transport vehicles organizational model, in order to improve the situation of the vehicles to wait a long time and taking up a large number of human,material resources capacity
This paper first lists the transport characteristics within the large steel mills, choosing a different mode of transport for different actual needs, and also pointed out that the car has been gradually substituted railway to become the main force in the transport.Many problems exist in the transport of the plant area are detailed
At the same time, combined with the advantages of the pull transport, the selected pull transport reasons and feasibility is explained. Then a loop rejection linked to scheduling model is created. By compare the pros and cons of the various algorithms to solve the VRP, a genetic algorithm is selected ultimately. Finally, through comparing the pros and cons of the traditional mode of transport and the pull transport in the empirical study of the Taiyuan Iron and Steel Works, the advantage of the pull transport to reduce transport costs and enhance competitiveness of enterprises is reflected.
引文
[1]龙泉.甩挂“甩”成试点明星[J].运输经理世界,2011(2)：53-54.
[2]Sunil Chopra, Peter Menial. Supply Chain Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River,2001.
[3]蒋小峰.W钢铁储运公司的仓储与运输策略[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[4]马馨,徐璟,崔建江.钢铁企业铁水运输路径选择及自动避碰算法的研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,(12)：1814-1817.
[5]戴韬,霍佳震.钢铁企业铁水运输调度自动指令系统的实现[J].上海管理科学,2005,(6)：32-34.
[6]关静,唐立新.钢铁企业生产与运输费用协调调度问题[J].东北大学学报,2006,(2)：150-152.
[7]蔡农.钢铁企业内部物流无轨化运输发展趋势[N].世界金属导报,2006,12(5).
[8]温筱婷,杨欣.钢铁企业原材料运输优化问题研究[J].商品储运与养护,2008,(4)：23-24.
[9]谢子佳,吕永波,付蓬勃.钢铁企业运输布局与生产物流关系研究[J].物流技术,2009,(8)：130-135.
[10]谭惠,汤银英.基于供应链管理的钢铁企业库存与运输整合优化研究[J].企业物流,2009,(11)：185-187.
[11]王华.UPS专业化物流服务的理念与实践分析[D].复旦大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[12]陈晓宇.天津港汽车物流发展的对策研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[13]周荣康.道路运输挂靠车管理对策研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[14]孙会玲,李刚,肖瑞敏.提高公路货运能力促进钢铁物流快速发展[J].经济与管理,2005,(10)：80-82.
[15]李亚茹.提高道路运输效率的有效途径——甩挂运输[J].公路交通科技,2004,(4)：119-122.
[16]吕延昌,孔卫国,郭林.延伸终端客户提高船舱利用率[J].经营,2006,(2)：34-35.
[17]李明才.汽车甩挂运输最佳运距的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1993,(12)：62-64.
[18]戴洪彦.山东省汽车甩挂运输运作模式与发展对策研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[19]杨昌,初大智,卢少平.甩挂运输作业法及其实施策略研究[J].物流技术,2010,(7)：69-70
[20]李晴.甩挂运输经济效益的定量计算[J].物流工程与管理,2011,(8)：19-22.
[21]李泽锐.钢铁企业物流优化的设想[J].现代工业经济和信息化,2011,(8)：4243.
[22]李高亭.试述热连轧厂管理模式[J].经济师,1993,(1)：22-23.
[23]段春燕.新型钢卷运输系统[J].重工与其中技术,2010,(3)：1013.
[24]徐志伟,温孝卿.钢铁行业的产能过剩、存量资产优化障碍及问题的解决路径[J].华东经济管理,2012,(2)：79-83.
[25]田新华.大型钢铁企业厂区运输优化问题探讨[J].冶金管理,2006,(1)：3235.
[26]胡亮春,张跃.浅谈钢铁企业厂内运输方式的选择[J].特钢技术,2004,(3)：37-41.
[27]许和进,基于遗传算法的原油运输车辆调度优化研究[D].南京林业大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[28]高洪涛,李红启.道路甩挂运输组织技术及其应用实践[M].中国物资出版 社,2011,(4).
[29]邵振一,董千里.道路组织运输学[M].人民交通出版社,2001,(4)：237-250.
[30]朱则刚.发展现代物流实施甩挂运输[J].现代物流,2011,(5)：57-59.
[31]孙辉泰,贺亦军,甩挂运输是我国发展绿色货运的必然选择[J].物流科技,2012,(1)：107-108.
[32]韩彪,赵宜.对甩挂运输的一些粗浅认识[J].运输经理世界,2011,(10)：39-40.
[33]王拥军.中国公路货运向快运转型[J].物流技术与应用,2011,(5)：34-37.
[34]高洪涛,李红启.道路甩挂运输组织理论与实践[M].人民交通出版社,2010,(4).
[35]邵振一.道路运输组织学[M].人民交通出版社,2001,(4)：324-339.
[36]Ching-Jung Tinga. Hybrid ant colony system for vehicle routing Problem with time windows [J]. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2005, (6):2822-2836.
[37]Andre LaMothe Ai Techniques For Game Programming [M].2004.
[38]梁波,大型钢铁企业厂内车辆循环甩挂运输模式研究[].中南大学硕士学位论文,2009。
[39]Sundararajan Arunapuram, Kamlesh Mathur, Daniel Solow, Vehicle Routing and Scheduling with Full Truckloads[J], Transportation science,2003,37:170-182.
[40]Swihart, M. R., Papastavrou, J. D.. A stochastic and dynamic model for the single-vehicle pick-up and delivery problem. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,114(3):447-464.
[41]J. F. Cordeau. A branch-and-cut algorithm for the dial-a-ride problem[J]. Operations Research,2006,54:573-586.
[42]Parfaits H N. A dynamic programming solution to the single many-to-many immediate request die-a-ride Problem. Transportation Seience,1980:130-154.
[43]Hang H S. An improved model for vehicle routing problem constraint based on genetic algorithm[J], Computer & Industrial Engineering,2002(42):361-369.
[44]陆金桂.遗传算法原理及其工程应用[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1997.
[45]陈国良.遗传算法及其应用[M].人民邮电出版社,1996.
[46]http://www.tisco.com.cn/.太原钢铁(集团)有限公司主页.
[47]陈龙官.冷轧薄钢板精整生产技术[M].冶金工业出版社,2009.
[48]周建男.钢铁生产工艺装备新技术[M].冶金工业出版社,2004.
[2]Sunil Chopra, Peter Menial. Supply Chain Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River,2001.
[3]蒋小峰.W钢铁储运公司的仓储与运输策略[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[4]马馨,徐璟,崔建江.钢铁企业铁水运输路径选择及自动避碰算法的研究[J].系统仿真学报,2003,(12)：1814-1817.
[5]戴韬,霍佳震.钢铁企业铁水运输调度自动指令系统的实现[J].上海管理科学,2005,(6)：32-34.
[6]关静,唐立新.钢铁企业生产与运输费用协调调度问题[J].东北大学学报,2006,(2)：150-152.
[7]蔡农.钢铁企业内部物流无轨化运输发展趋势[N].世界金属导报,2006,12(5).
[8]温筱婷,杨欣.钢铁企业原材料运输优化问题研究[J].商品储运与养护,2008,(4)：23-24.
[9]谢子佳,吕永波,付蓬勃.钢铁企业运输布局与生产物流关系研究[J].物流技术,2009,(8)：130-135.
[10]谭惠,汤银英.基于供应链管理的钢铁企业库存与运输整合优化研究[J].企业物流,2009,(11)：185-187.
[11]王华.UPS专业化物流服务的理念与实践分析[D].复旦大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[12]陈晓宇.天津港汽车物流发展的对策研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[13]周荣康.道路运输挂靠车管理对策研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[14]孙会玲,李刚,肖瑞敏.提高公路货运能力促进钢铁物流快速发展[J].经济与管理,2005,(10)：80-82.
[15]李亚茹.提高道路运输效率的有效途径——甩挂运输[J].公路交通科技,2004,(4)：119-122.
[16]吕延昌,孔卫国,郭林.延伸终端客户提高船舱利用率[J].经营,2006,(2)：34-35.
[17]李明才.汽车甩挂运输最佳运距的研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1993,(12)：62-64.
[18]戴洪彦.山东省汽车甩挂运输运作模式与发展对策研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[19]杨昌,初大智,卢少平.甩挂运输作业法及其实施策略研究[J].物流技术,2010,(7)：69-70
[20]李晴.甩挂运输经济效益的定量计算[J].物流工程与管理,2011,(8)：19-22.
[21]李泽锐.钢铁企业物流优化的设想[J].现代工业经济和信息化,2011,(8)：4243.
[22]李高亭.试述热连轧厂管理模式[J].经济师,1993,(1)：22-23.
[23]段春燕.新型钢卷运输系统[J].重工与其中技术,2010,(3)：1013.
[24]徐志伟,温孝卿.钢铁行业的产能过剩、存量资产优化障碍及问题的解决路径[J].华东经济管理,2012,(2)：79-83.
[25]田新华.大型钢铁企业厂区运输优化问题探讨[J].冶金管理,2006,(1)：3235.
[26]胡亮春,张跃.浅谈钢铁企业厂内运输方式的选择[J].特钢技术,2004,(3)：37-41.
[27]许和进,基于遗传算法的原油运输车辆调度优化研究[D].南京林业大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[28]高洪涛,李红启.道路甩挂运输组织技术及其应用实践[M].中国物资出版 社,2011,(4).
[29]邵振一,董千里.道路组织运输学[M].人民交通出版社,2001,(4)：237-250.
[30]朱则刚.发展现代物流实施甩挂运输[J].现代物流,2011,(5)：57-59.
[31]孙辉泰,贺亦军,甩挂运输是我国发展绿色货运的必然选择[J].物流科技,2012,(1)：107-108.
[32]韩彪,赵宜.对甩挂运输的一些粗浅认识[J].运输经理世界,2011,(10)：39-40.
[33]王拥军.中国公路货运向快运转型[J].物流技术与应用,2011,(5)：34-37.
[34]高洪涛,李红启.道路甩挂运输组织理论与实践[M].人民交通出版社,2010,(4).
[35]邵振一.道路运输组织学[M].人民交通出版社,2001,(4)：324-339.
[36]Ching-Jung Tinga. Hybrid ant colony system for vehicle routing Problem with time windows [J]. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2005, (6):2822-2836.
[37]Andre LaMothe Ai Techniques For Game Programming [M].2004.
[38]梁波,大型钢铁企业厂内车辆循环甩挂运输模式研究[].中南大学硕士学位论文,2009。
[39]Sundararajan Arunapuram, Kamlesh Mathur, Daniel Solow, Vehicle Routing and Scheduling with Full Truckloads[J], Transportation science,2003,37:170-182.
[40]Swihart, M. R., Papastavrou, J. D.. A stochastic and dynamic model for the single-vehicle pick-up and delivery problem. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,114(3):447-464.
[41]J. F. Cordeau. A branch-and-cut algorithm for the dial-a-ride problem[J]. Operations Research,2006,54:573-586.
[42]Parfaits H N. A dynamic programming solution to the single many-to-many immediate request die-a-ride Problem. Transportation Seience,1980:130-154.
[43]Hang H S. An improved model for vehicle routing problem constraint based on genetic algorithm[J], Computer & Industrial Engineering,2002(42):361-369.
[44]陆金桂.遗传算法原理及其工程应用[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1997.
[45]陈国良.遗传算法及其应用[M].人民邮电出版社,1996.
[46]http://www.tisco.com.cn/.太原钢铁(集团)有限公司主页.
[47]陈龙官.冷轧薄钢板精整生产技术[M].冶金工业出版社,2009.
[48]周建男.钢铁生产工艺装备新技术[M].冶金工业出版社,2004.