云南南部洞栖蝙蝠初步调查
摘要
从2010年7月到2011年9月，对云南省南部地区洞栖蝙蝠的种类、数量、分布进行了初步调查与研究，并对洞栖蝙蝠栖息地保护现状进行了评估。
这次研究共调查了19个洞穴，这些洞穴均属于第一次调查。观察到蝙蝠35000多只，采集标本275号，经鉴定，隶属5科9属14种，即菊头蝠科（Rhinolophidae）的中菊头蝠Rhinolophus affinis、角菊头蝠Rhinolophus cornutus、贵州菊头蝠Rhinolophus rex和马铁菊头蝠Rhinolophus ferrumequinum，蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidae）的亚洲长翼蝠Miniopterus schreibersii、大足鼠耳蝠Myotis ricketti、长尾鼠耳蝠Myotis frater、大鼠耳蝠Myotis blythii、长翼南蝠Myotis longimana和水鼠耳蝠Myotis daubentoni，蹄蝠科（Hipposideridae）的双色蹄蝠Hipposideros bicolor、大蹄蝠Hipposideridae armiger和三叶蹄蝠Aselliscus stoliczkanus，鞘尾蝠科（Emballonuridae）的黑髯墓蝠Taphozousmelanopogon。其中，长翼南蝠的种群数量最大，普通长翼蝠分布最广。
云南省的地理和气候条件非常适宜洞栖蝙蝠的生存，有许多天然及人工洞穴，蝙蝠资源相当丰富，蝙蝠的种群数量较大，如巍山蝙蝠洞和大理清化古洞。但有些洞穴已被开发，有的正在开发，不合理的开发已经使得蝙蝠的种群数量大大减少，蝙蝠生存岌岌可危。因此，对翼手类栖息地的保护已迫在眉睫。
From July2010to September2011, The distribution and abundance of cave-dwelling bats wereinvestigated in Yunnan province. In addition, the protection of cave-dwelling bat‘s habits were evaluated inthis area.
In Yunnan province,19underground habitats were investigated, all of which had not been surveyed byother bat researchers. Approximately35000bats,275specimens belonged to5familys,9genuses14species were recorded. They were Rhinolophidae(Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus cornutus, Rhinolophusrex, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)，Vespertilionidae(Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis ricketti, Myotis frater,Myotis blythii, Myotis longimana, Myotis daubentoni）， Hipposideridae(Hipposideros bicolor,Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Hipposideridae armiger），Emballonuridae(Taphozous melanopogon）.Among them, Myotis longimana accounted for the largest numbers while common long-winged bat wasmost widely distributed in this province.
Because of the appropriate geographical and climatic conditions, there were abundant cave-dwellingbat resources in the area we investigated, like Weishan Batcave and Dali Qinghua cave. At the sametime,the bats were struggleing to survival since more than half of cave-dwelling bat ‘s habits were notprotected well, and I predicted the bats in Dali Qinghua cave would extinct in half year as a result oftourism exploitation.Given the reasons above, the protection of cave-dwelling bat was imminent.
这次研究共调查了19个洞穴，这些洞穴均属于第一次调查。观察到蝙蝠35000多只，采集标本275号，经鉴定，隶属5科9属14种，即菊头蝠科（Rhinolophidae）的中菊头蝠Rhinolophus affinis、角菊头蝠Rhinolophus cornutus、贵州菊头蝠Rhinolophus rex和马铁菊头蝠Rhinolophus ferrumequinum，蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidae）的亚洲长翼蝠Miniopterus schreibersii、大足鼠耳蝠Myotis ricketti、长尾鼠耳蝠Myotis frater、大鼠耳蝠Myotis blythii、长翼南蝠Myotis longimana和水鼠耳蝠Myotis daubentoni，蹄蝠科（Hipposideridae）的双色蹄蝠Hipposideros bicolor、大蹄蝠Hipposideridae armiger和三叶蹄蝠Aselliscus stoliczkanus，鞘尾蝠科（Emballonuridae）的黑髯墓蝠Taphozousmelanopogon。其中，长翼南蝠的种群数量最大，普通长翼蝠分布最广。
云南省的地理和气候条件非常适宜洞栖蝙蝠的生存，有许多天然及人工洞穴，蝙蝠资源相当丰富，蝙蝠的种群数量较大，如巍山蝙蝠洞和大理清化古洞。但有些洞穴已被开发，有的正在开发，不合理的开发已经使得蝙蝠的种群数量大大减少，蝙蝠生存岌岌可危。因此，对翼手类栖息地的保护已迫在眉睫。
From July2010to September2011, The distribution and abundance of cave-dwelling bats wereinvestigated in Yunnan province. In addition, the protection of cave-dwelling bat‘s habits were evaluated inthis area.
In Yunnan province,19underground habitats were investigated, all of which had not been surveyed byother bat researchers. Approximately35000bats,275specimens belonged to5familys,9genuses14species were recorded. They were Rhinolophidae(Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus cornutus, Rhinolophusrex, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)，Vespertilionidae(Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis ricketti, Myotis frater,Myotis blythii, Myotis longimana, Myotis daubentoni）， Hipposideridae(Hipposideros bicolor,Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Hipposideridae armiger），Emballonuridae(Taphozous melanopogon）.Among them, Myotis longimana accounted for the largest numbers while common long-winged bat wasmost widely distributed in this province.
Because of the appropriate geographical and climatic conditions, there were abundant cave-dwellingbat resources in the area we investigated, like Weishan Batcave and Dali Qinghua cave. At the sametime,the bats were struggleing to survival since more than half of cave-dwelling bat ‘s habits were notprotected well, and I predicted the bats in Dali Qinghua cave would extinct in half year as a result oftourism exploitation.Given the reasons above, the protection of cave-dwelling bat was imminent.
引文
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