XM18球面铣磨机的有限元分析及结构优化
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摘要
随着现代机床向高速度、高精度方向发展,必然要求机床应该具有越来越高的动、静态特性。因此,机床结构动、静态特性的研究已经成为当今机床行业的重要环节之一。
     本课题以XM18球面铣磨机为研究对象,为了提高其动态特性,本文主要从以下几个方面进行研究:
     首先,根据弹性力学理论和有限元分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS9.0软件建立了铣磨机的主要零部件床身、燕尾、燕尾座、主轴箱、扇形板和磨头座的有限元模型,利用有限元法对主要零部件进行了自由模态和约束模态分析,并根据分析结果对关键部件提出了改进方案。
     其次,在确定机床结合部的等效动力学参数后,利用ANSYS软件中的线性弹簧-阻尼单元建立了组合结构的有限元模型,并对其在不同工况下进行自由模态、约束模态和静力学分析。
     再次,对整机进行了模态试验,对测得的数据进行模态参数识别。然后将有限元理论计算的结果和模态试验的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明了有限元模型的正确性。
     最后,根据灵敏度分析技术和结构优化设计方法,应用Pro/MECHANICA STRUCTURE对铣磨机的关键部件床身和主轴箱的结构尺寸进行灵敏度分析和优化设计,并根据优化结果对改进后的组合结构在不同工况下进行自由模态、约束模态和静力学验证。结果表明不仅提高了整机的强度和刚度,而且有效地避免了共振。
With the development of high-speed precision modern machine tools, it needs to have good dynamic and static behaviors. Therefore, the research on the dynamic and static behavior of machine-building industry has been one of the important steps.
     In this paper, the research object is the XM18 spherical generator, in order to improve the dynamic behavior of the machine tool, the following aspects have been studied in this thesis:
     Firstly, based on the elasticity theory and finite element analysis theory, the finite element models of the lathe bed, dovetail, dovetail shelf, headstock, fanlike plank and millhead shelf, which were the main parts of the spherical generator, were built up using ANSYS9.0. And based on the modal analysis theory and FEM technology, the free modal and the constrained modal analysis of the main parts were studied. Accordance to the analytical results, put forword methods to optimize the key parts.
     Secondly, the equivalent dynamic characteristics parameters of bolt joints were researched, and the finite element model of the combined frame was built up using the linear spring-damper elements. Then the free modal, the constrained modal and the static analysis were studied in different working situations.
     Thirdly, the modal parameters of the spherical generator were identified according to the results of the modal test. These were compared with the results of the finite element modal analysis, and the correctness of the finite element model of the combined frame was confirmed.
     Lastly, based on the sensitivity analysis technology and structure optimization design method, sensitivity analysis and optimization design of the lathe bed and headstock, which were the key parts of the spherical generator, were studied using Pro/MECHANICA STRUCTURE. Based on the Optimum result, the free modal, the constrained modal and the static verify of the modified combined frame were studied in different working situations. The analysis results not only improve the intensity and stiffness, but also effectivly avoided resonates.
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