海南岛野生兰科植物种质资源保护策略研究
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摘要
兰科(Orchidaceae)是显花植物中的一个大类群,全世界所有野生兰科植物均被列入《野生动植物濒危物种国际贸易公约》的保护范围,是植物保护中的“旗舰”类群(flagship group)。
本研究系统地收集了海南岛野生兰科植物资料,包括中科院北京植物研究所、昆明植物研究所、华南植物园、武汉植物园、西双版纳热带植物园、四川成都生物所、广西植物研究所、四川大学、中山大学等单位标本馆馆藏标本,以及国内外已发表的各种植物考察报告和有关研究论文,构建了以海南岛19个行政县为基本分布区单元的数据库。通过植物区系组成及地理成分分析,探讨海南岛野生兰科植物的区系特征;采用特有性简约性分析- PAE (Parsimony analysis of endemicity)和互补性分析- (Complementarity analysis),提出了海南岛野生兰科植物的保护优先区域和最低保护区组合。结果表明:
(1)海南岛野生兰科植物有77属202种,其中中国特有种30种(包括海南特有种14种)。非中国特有种但在中国仅见于海南岛的有17种。种数在10种以上的属有羊耳蒜属(Liparis)、石斛属(Dendrobium)、毛兰属(Eria)、石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)和兰属(Cymbidium)。
(2)海南岛野生兰科植物属的地理成分可划分为12个分布型和变型,其中热带亚洲成分占总数的50.7%。热带分布属有70属,占绝对优势。
(3)海南岛野生兰科植物的生活型多样,附生兰有42属,地生兰有32属,腐生兰5属(其中羊耳蒜属和兰属中存在附生和地生两种生活型)。
(4)与邻近地区相比,海南岛野生兰科植物与西双版纳共有属最多(为56属),其次依序为台湾、广东、广西和福建。虽然海南岛与台湾和西双版纳同受热带季风气候影响,但其野生兰科植物在属、物种和特有种的数量上比后两者都要少。
(5)海南岛野生兰科植物种质资源丰富,多个种在叶型和花色上变异较大,可作为优良育种材料。
(6)基于物种相似性原理,海南岛野生兰科植物的保护优先区域为南部和西南部地区,一个以保亭、三亚和陵水等地为代表,另一个以昌江和乐东等地为代表。
(7)基于区系互补性原理,最低保护区组合由10个分布区构成,按照其保护优先序依次排列为保亭、三亚、五指山、陵水、白沙、乐东、琼中、东方、昌江和琼山等地。
总之,海南岛野生兰科植物多样性高,植物区系分析表明其可能是中国兰科植物
Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants. All wild orchid species are included in the AppendixⅡof the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and regarded as a flagship group in plant conservation.
On the basis of the distribution data obtained from specimens kept in the herbariums including PE, KUN, IBSC, HIB, HITBC, CDBI, IBK, SZ and SYS, and the literature up to 2005, information of wild orchids in Hainan Island, species list covered the latest published reports to 2005, we constructed the species list of Hainan Island with treating 19 administrative counties as the distribution units. The floristic composition and characteristics of wild orchids were analysed. Priority areas with the richest wild orchid flora and the minimum number of distribution units needed to protect all wild orchid species in Hainan Island were determined with the parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and the complementarity analysis. The main results and conclusions are summarized as the following:
(1) There are 77 genera and 202 species of wild orchids in Hainan Island, of which 30 species are endemic to China (including 14 species endemic to Hainan). Seventeen species occur only in Hainan Island despite they are not endemic to China. The main genera are Liparis, Dendrobium, Eria, Bulbophyllum and Cymbidium in this area, each of which have more than ten species.
(2) The areal-types of genera of this orchid flora could be divided into 12 types and subtypes. Among them, the tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia) type is the richest one, comprising 50.7% of all local wild orchid species. There are 70 tropical genera of wild orchid in Hainan Island, accounting for 90.9% of the total genera.
(3) The life forms of Hainan orchids are rich, with 42 genera terrestrial, 32 epiphytic and 5 saprophytic genera (Liparis and Cymbidium have the life forms of terrestrial and epiphytic species, respectively).
(4) Comparing with the neighbouring regions, the wild orhid flora in Hainan Island is
本研究系统地收集了海南岛野生兰科植物资料,包括中科院北京植物研究所、昆明植物研究所、华南植物园、武汉植物园、西双版纳热带植物园、四川成都生物所、广西植物研究所、四川大学、中山大学等单位标本馆馆藏标本,以及国内外已发表的各种植物考察报告和有关研究论文,构建了以海南岛19个行政县为基本分布区单元的数据库。通过植物区系组成及地理成分分析,探讨海南岛野生兰科植物的区系特征;采用特有性简约性分析- PAE (Parsimony analysis of endemicity)和互补性分析- (Complementarity analysis),提出了海南岛野生兰科植物的保护优先区域和最低保护区组合。结果表明:
(1)海南岛野生兰科植物有77属202种,其中中国特有种30种(包括海南特有种14种)。非中国特有种但在中国仅见于海南岛的有17种。种数在10种以上的属有羊耳蒜属(Liparis)、石斛属(Dendrobium)、毛兰属(Eria)、石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)和兰属(Cymbidium)。
(2)海南岛野生兰科植物属的地理成分可划分为12个分布型和变型,其中热带亚洲成分占总数的50.7%。热带分布属有70属,占绝对优势。
(3)海南岛野生兰科植物的生活型多样,附生兰有42属,地生兰有32属,腐生兰5属(其中羊耳蒜属和兰属中存在附生和地生两种生活型)。
(4)与邻近地区相比,海南岛野生兰科植物与西双版纳共有属最多(为56属),其次依序为台湾、广东、广西和福建。虽然海南岛与台湾和西双版纳同受热带季风气候影响,但其野生兰科植物在属、物种和特有种的数量上比后两者都要少。
(5)海南岛野生兰科植物种质资源丰富,多个种在叶型和花色上变异较大,可作为优良育种材料。
(6)基于物种相似性原理,海南岛野生兰科植物的保护优先区域为南部和西南部地区,一个以保亭、三亚和陵水等地为代表,另一个以昌江和乐东等地为代表。
(7)基于区系互补性原理,最低保护区组合由10个分布区构成,按照其保护优先序依次排列为保亭、三亚、五指山、陵水、白沙、乐东、琼中、东方、昌江和琼山等地。
总之,海南岛野生兰科植物多样性高,植物区系分析表明其可能是中国兰科植物
Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants. All wild orchid species are included in the AppendixⅡof the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and regarded as a flagship group in plant conservation.
On the basis of the distribution data obtained from specimens kept in the herbariums including PE, KUN, IBSC, HIB, HITBC, CDBI, IBK, SZ and SYS, and the literature up to 2005, information of wild orchids in Hainan Island, species list covered the latest published reports to 2005, we constructed the species list of Hainan Island with treating 19 administrative counties as the distribution units. The floristic composition and characteristics of wild orchids were analysed. Priority areas with the richest wild orchid flora and the minimum number of distribution units needed to protect all wild orchid species in Hainan Island were determined with the parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and the complementarity analysis. The main results and conclusions are summarized as the following:
(1) There are 77 genera and 202 species of wild orchids in Hainan Island, of which 30 species are endemic to China (including 14 species endemic to Hainan). Seventeen species occur only in Hainan Island despite they are not endemic to China. The main genera are Liparis, Dendrobium, Eria, Bulbophyllum and Cymbidium in this area, each of which have more than ten species.
(2) The areal-types of genera of this orchid flora could be divided into 12 types and subtypes. Among them, the tropical Asia (Indo-Malesia) type is the richest one, comprising 50.7% of all local wild orchid species. There are 70 tropical genera of wild orchid in Hainan Island, accounting for 90.9% of the total genera.
(3) The life forms of Hainan orchids are rich, with 42 genera terrestrial, 32 epiphytic and 5 saprophytic genera (Liparis and Cymbidium have the life forms of terrestrial and epiphytic species, respectively).
(4) Comparing with the neighbouring regions, the wild orhid flora in Hainan Island is
引文
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