牛ADRB3、CAPN3和CAPN4基因多态性及其对生长和胴体性状的影响
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摘要
本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术,检测了中国黄牛群体、天祝白牦牛、甘南牦牛和青海牦牛类群,以及饲养于新西兰的10个普通牛品种,包括海福特牛、短角牛、安格斯牛、墨里灰牛、西门塔尔牛、南德温牛、夏洛来牛、无角红牛、高地牛和Salers牛的ADRB3基因多态性,以及上述部分普通牛品种和牦牛类群的CAPN3和CAPN4基因多态性,研究3类基因在普通牛和牦牛群体中的遗传特征。基于ADRB3受体对哺乳动物脂肪分解和产热的调节功能及对生长及肉品质的潜在作用,分析了海福特牛、短角牛、安格斯牛、墨里灰牛、西门塔尔牛和南德温牛ADRB3基因3′-UTR区多态性对部分生长及胴体性状估计育种值(EBV)的影响,探讨了ADRB3基因作为普通牛生长及胴体性状候选基因的可能性。所获得的主要研究结果及结论如下:
1.ADRB3基因、CAPN3和CAPN4基因多态性
10个新西兰普通牛品种和1个中国黄牛群体的737头个体中,ADRB3基因启动子区检测到6种等位基因A-F,相对于等位基因A,其他等位基因存在4个单碱基突变(SNPs)和3个单碱基插入/缺失。除高地牛外,等位基因A频率在其他10个普通牛品种(或群体)中均在86%以上,为优势等位基因,其中Salers牛均为AA纯合型个体;等位基因在品种间分布不均衡,等位基因C存在于夏洛来牛中,F存在于海福特及墨里灰牛中,等位基因D、E仅存在于中国黄牛群体中。除高地牛PIC=0.3666为中度多态外,其余品种(或群体)PIC<0.25,表现为低度多态,提示普通牛品种(或群体)在启动子区受到较强的选择压力,基因型趋于一致。
3个中国牦牛类群334份样品,在天祝白牦牛和青海牦牛ADRB3基因启动子区域发现两种等位基因YA和YB,相对于YA序列,等位基因YB存在3个SNPs,且c.-430A>T的颠换只存在于牦牛群体中,为牦牛区别于普通牛的遗传特征之一。等位基因YB频率分别为97.3%和98.0%,为优势等位基因;甘南牦牛只存在YB等位基因。牦牛等位基因YA频率低,序列与普通牛等位基因A相同,等位基因YA来源于普通牛。牦牛该基因位点PIC<0.25为低度多态,结合ADRB3基因对动物耐寒性的影响,表明寒冷气候条件对该位点有较强的选择效应。
7个普通牛品种共1142份样品,包括安格斯牛、短角牛、海福特牛、西门塔尔牛、墨里灰牛、无角红牛和南德温牛,在ADRB3基因3′-UTR区发现4种等位基因A、B、C和D。相对于等位基因A,等位基因B、C和D共发现5个SNPs。除短角牛外的6个牛品种中,等位基因A频率63.63%-93.78%,为优势等位基因,而短角牛等位基因A、B频率分别为35.90%和41.67%。等位基因在品种间分布不均衡,等位基因A和B存在于所有检测的普通牛品种中,等位基因C只存在于西门塔尔牛、海福特牛和短角牛中,墨里灰牛未检测出等位基因D。墨里灰牛和无角红牛PIC<0.25为低度多态,安格斯牛、海福特牛及南德温牛该位点0.250.50为高度多态。
CAPN3基因外显子1在高地牛、无角红牛、海福特牛、安格斯牛和西门塔尔牛中未发现多态性,在中国黄牛群体中发现两种等位基因A和B;相对于等位基因A,等位基因B存在c.54 T>G的SNP并导致相应氨基酸的p.Met18Arg错义突变;等位基因A频率96.98%为优势等位基因,该位点PIC=0.0568为低度多态。
CAPN4基因外显子5-6在Salers牛和甘南牦牛中未发现多态性,而中国黄牛发现两种等位基因A和B。相对于等位基因A,等位基因B在内含子5区存在c.411+24 G>C的SNP;等位基因A频率96.14%为优势等位基因,该位点PIC=0.0712为低度多态。
2.普通牛ADRB3基因3′-UTR区SNPs对部分生长及胴体性状EBV的影响ADRB3基因3′-UTR区SNPs对检测的6个普通牛品种初生重EBV没有显著影响。
海福特牛600日龄重和成年母牛体重EBV在基因型间存在显著差异(P<0.05),AB基因型个体两性状EBV分别显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于AC型。等位基因A对成年母牛体重的EBV有极显著的负效应(P<0.01),而等位基因C对200日龄重EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05),对600日龄重和胴体重有极显著负效应(P<0.01)。选留AB型个体可增加后代群体600日龄重和成年母牛体重。
短角牛生长及胴体重性状的EBV在基因型间无显著差异,但等位基因B对200日龄重EBV有极显著负效应(P<0.01),对600日龄重EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05);等位基因D对成年母牛体重EBV有显著正效应(P<0.05)。降低等位基因B的频率可提高后代群体200日龄和600日龄体重,而增加等位基因D的频率则能提高后代群体的成年母牛体重。
安格斯牛BB基因型个体400日龄重EBV显著高于AA型个体(P<0.05),而600日龄重、成年母牛体重和胴体重EBV极显著高于AA型个体(P<0.01),AB型个体介于两者之间。等位基因A对600日龄重及成年母牛体重EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05),对胴体重有极显著负效应(P<0.01);等位基因B对400日龄重EBV有显著正效应。BB基因型频率低(3.23%),所受选择压力大,应慎重考虑通过增加BB型个体以提高后代群体生长及胴体性状对其他与ADRB3基因相关性状的综合影响。
墨里灰牛ADRB3基因的各基因型对200-600日龄体重的EBV没有显著影响,只有AB基因型个体600日龄重EBV显著高于AA型(P<0.05),选留AB型个体能增加后代群体的600日龄体重。
南德温牛ADRB3基因的各基因型及等位基因不影响200-600日龄重的EBV。
西门塔尔牛200-600日龄重EBV在ADRB3基因的各个基因型间无显著差异,但等位基因B对400日龄重和600日龄重的EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05)。
ADRB3基因对动物脂肪分解和产热调节,以及CAPN3和CAPN4基因对肌肉蛋白水解过程均有重要作用,因此推测3类基因影响牛的生长及胴体品质。本研究检测了普通牛及牦牛ADRB3、CAPN3和CAPN4基因相应区域的多态性,表明其在不同群体中的分子遗传特性;而牦牛ADRB3基因启动子区特有的SNP,将有助于从分子水平进一步探索牦牛不同于普通牛的耐寒性。本研究也证实ADRB3基因3′-UTR区多态性对普通牛各阶段体重及胴体性状的EBV有不同影响,为相应性状分子标记辅助选择提供依据。
In this study, the variation of ADRB3 gene was detected in Chinese cattle, Tianzhu white yak, Gannan yak, Qinghai yak, and ten cattle breeds in New Zealand including Hereford, Shorthorn, Angus, Murray Grey, Simmental, South Devon, Charolais, Red Poll, Highland and Salers by PCR-SSCP, as well as the CAPN3 and CAPN4 genes in some of above populations, in order to understand the genetic characters of these three genes in cattle and yak. Based on the pivotal role of ADRB3 in lipolytic and thermogenic processes in mammal and potential effects on growth and carcass traits of domestic animal, the association of the polymorphisms in 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene and Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) of growth and carcass traits were analyzed for the purpose of evaluating the possibility of ADRB3 as a candidate gene for growth and carcass traits in the investigated cattle breeds. The main results showed as follows:
1. Polymorphisms of ADRB3, CAPN3 and CAPN4 genes
Six PCR-SSCP patterns representing six alleles A-F containing four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three nucleotide deletion/insertions were observed at the promoter region of ADRB3 gene in 737 cattle from ten breeds in New Zealand and one Chinese cattle population by PCR-SSCP. Allele A was the most common allele with frequency of more than 86% in ten cattle populations excluding Highand, especially all of Salers represented genotype AA. Alleles distributed disproportionably among eleven populations, such as allele C observed in Charolais and allele F in Hereford and Murray Grey, as well as alleles D and E only in Chinese cattle. The promoter region of ADRB3 gene showed low genetic diversity with polymorphism information content (PIC) of less than 0.25 in all of the populations except Highland cattle with PIC of 0.3666. Those results suggested that strong selection pressure were applied to cattle in both New Zealand and China to maintain low genetic diversity at promoter region of ADRB3 gene.
Two alleles YA and YB were checked at promoter region of ADRB3 gene in 334 individuals from three yak populations in China. There were three SNPs within allele YB relative to allele YA in yak or allele A in cattle. Mutation of c.-430A>T that particularly detected within allele YB showed genetic characteristic of ADRB3 in yak as distingushed from cattle. Allele YB was the most common allele with frequency of 97.3% and 98.0% in Tianzh white yak and Qinghai yak respectively, but there was only identified allele YB in Gannan yak. It was possible that allele YA came from cattle because of very low frequency in yak and same sequence with allele A of cattle. The polymorphism at promoter region of ADRB3 in yak was low with PIC less than 0.25, considering the association of ADRB3 gene with cold tolerance of mammal, suggesting strong selection pressure is being applied to yak by cold climate in alpine region to maintain low genetic diversity at this locus in the population.
Four alleles A, B,C and D were identified at 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene in total 1142 cattle from seven breeds including Angus, Shorthorn, Hereford, Simmental, Murray Grey, Red Poll and South Devon. Alleles B, C and D contained five SNPs relative to allele A. Allele A was the most common allele according to frequency ranged from 63.63%-93.73% in all investigated population except Shorthorn with frequency of alleles A and B of 35.90% and 41.76%, respectively. Four alleles distributed unequally among seven populations, and alleles A and B were detected in all populations and alleles C in Simmental, Hereford and Shorthorn, but allele D not in Murray Grey as well. According to PIC at 3′-UTR of ADRB3, polymorphism was poor in Murray Grey and Red Poll with PIC of less than 0.25 and moderate in Angus and Hereford and South Devon with PIC ranged from 0.25 to 0.5, and higher in Simmental and Shorthorn with PIC morn than 0.5.
No variation was detected at exon 1 of CAPN3 gene in Highland, Red Poll, Hereford, Angus and Simmental cattle from New Zealand, but two alleles A and B were observed in Chinese cattle and allele A was the most common allele with frequency of 96.98%. The mutation of c.54T>G detected at allele B resulted in a non-synonymous substitution of p.Met18Arg polymorphism relative to allele A. Genetic diversity was poor at the exon 1 of CAPN3 gene in Chinese cattle with PIC of 0.0568.
No mutation was checked in exon 5-6 of CAPN4 in Salers cattle and Gannan yak, but two alleles A and B were found in Chinese cattle and allele A was the most common allele with a frequency of 96.14%. There was a substitution of c.411+24G>C detected at intron 5 in allele B relative to allele A. The exon 5-6 of CAPN4 in Chinese cattle showed low polymorphism with PIC of 0.0568.
2. Effects of polymorphisms in 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene on EBVs of some growth and carcass traits in cattle.
Variations at the 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene was not found to have a significant effect on birth weight EBV of investigated cattle breeds.
Genotypes of ADRB3 were found to have a significant effect on 600-day and mature cow weight EBV of Hereford cattle (P<0.05) and Least significant difference revealed the individuals with genotype AB was higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01) than that with AC. The presence of allele A had a significantly negative effect on mature cow weight EBV (P<0.01), as well as the presence of allele C on 200-day weight EBV (P<0.05), 600-day weight EBV (P<0.01) and carcass weight EBV (P<0.01), respectively. Selection of the individuals with genotype AB would increase the 600-day weight and mature cow weight of their progenies.
EBVs of growth and carcass traits were not significantly different between individuals with different genotypes of ADRB3 in Shorthorn. The presence of allele B had a significantly negative effects on 200-day weight EBV (P<0.01) and 600-day weight EBV (P<0.05), whereas the allele D had a significantly positive effect on mature cow weight EBV (P<0.05). As a result, 200-day and 600-day weight of progenies would increase by reducing the frequency of allele B in Shorthorn cattle, and the mature cow weight of progenies would be put on with adding the frequency of allele D as well.
The individuals with genotype BB of ADRB3 was higher than that with AA (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in 400-day, 600-day, mature cow and carcass weight EBV of Angus cattle, while that with AB was found between the two. The presence of allele A had a significantly negative effects on 600-day and mature cow weight EBV (P<0.05) and carcass weight EBV (P<0.01), but the presence of allele B had a significantly positive effect on 400-day weight EBV. Considering the very low frequency of genotype BB suggesting a strong selection pressure being applied to individuals with that genotype in Angus, the selective reaction of other traits associated with ADRB3 gene need to be evaluated carefully as improvement of the growth and carcass traits by adding individuals with genotype BB in Angus cattle.
Genotype of ADRB3 was not found to affect 200-day and 400-day weight EBV in Murray Grey cattle investigated. But individuals with genotype AB was higher in 600-day weight EBV than that with AA (P<0.05). Therefore, selection of individuals with genotype AB would increase 600-day weight of their progenies.
Genotype and allelic presence of ADRB3 gene were not found to have significant effects on 200-day, 400-day and 600-day weight EBVs in South Devon cattle investigated.
There were no significantly different in 200- to 600-day weight EBV among genotype of ADRB3 in Simmental cattle investigated. But presence of allele B had a significantly negative effect on 400-day and 600-day weight EBV (P<0.05).
In summary, ADRB3, CAPN3 and CAPN4 gene appear to play a pivotal role in regulation of lipolytic and thermogenic in adipose tissue of mammal and proteolytic processes in muscles, respectively, thus those genes could be involved in bovine growth and carcass qualities. In this study we reported identification of novel mutations at the promoter region and 3′-UTR of ADRB3, exon 1 of CAPN3 and intron 5 of CAPN4 representing the genetic characteristics of three genes in cattle or yak populations investigated. The particular SNP at promoter region of ADRB3 in yak would contribute to molecular research for stronger cold tolerance of yak than cattle. It also provided a basis for Molecular Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) that the variations at 3′-UTR of ADRB3 showed different effects on EBVs of growth and carcass traits in investigated cattle breeds.
1.ADRB3基因、CAPN3和CAPN4基因多态性
10个新西兰普通牛品种和1个中国黄牛群体的737头个体中,ADRB3基因启动子区检测到6种等位基因A-F,相对于等位基因A,其他等位基因存在4个单碱基突变(SNPs)和3个单碱基插入/缺失。除高地牛外,等位基因A频率在其他10个普通牛品种(或群体)中均在86%以上,为优势等位基因,其中Salers牛均为AA纯合型个体;等位基因在品种间分布不均衡,等位基因C存在于夏洛来牛中,F存在于海福特及墨里灰牛中,等位基因D、E仅存在于中国黄牛群体中。除高地牛PIC=0.3666为中度多态外,其余品种(或群体)PIC<0.25,表现为低度多态,提示普通牛品种(或群体)在启动子区受到较强的选择压力,基因型趋于一致。
3个中国牦牛类群334份样品,在天祝白牦牛和青海牦牛ADRB3基因启动子区域发现两种等位基因YA和YB,相对于YA序列,等位基因YB存在3个SNPs,且c.-430A>T的颠换只存在于牦牛群体中,为牦牛区别于普通牛的遗传特征之一。等位基因YB频率分别为97.3%和98.0%,为优势等位基因;甘南牦牛只存在YB等位基因。牦牛等位基因YA频率低,序列与普通牛等位基因A相同,等位基因YA来源于普通牛。牦牛该基因位点PIC<0.25为低度多态,结合ADRB3基因对动物耐寒性的影响,表明寒冷气候条件对该位点有较强的选择效应。
7个普通牛品种共1142份样品,包括安格斯牛、短角牛、海福特牛、西门塔尔牛、墨里灰牛、无角红牛和南德温牛,在ADRB3基因3′-UTR区发现4种等位基因A、B、C和D。相对于等位基因A,等位基因B、C和D共发现5个SNPs。除短角牛外的6个牛品种中,等位基因A频率63.63%-93.78%,为优势等位基因,而短角牛等位基因A、B频率分别为35.90%和41.67%。等位基因在品种间分布不均衡,等位基因A和B存在于所有检测的普通牛品种中,等位基因C只存在于西门塔尔牛、海福特牛和短角牛中,墨里灰牛未检测出等位基因D。墨里灰牛和无角红牛PIC<0.25为低度多态,安格斯牛、海福特牛及南德温牛该位点0.25
CAPN3基因外显子1在高地牛、无角红牛、海福特牛、安格斯牛和西门塔尔牛中未发现多态性,在中国黄牛群体中发现两种等位基因A和B;相对于等位基因A,等位基因B存在c.54 T>G的SNP并导致相应氨基酸的p.Met18Arg错义突变;等位基因A频率96.98%为优势等位基因,该位点PIC=0.0568为低度多态。
CAPN4基因外显子5-6在Salers牛和甘南牦牛中未发现多态性,而中国黄牛发现两种等位基因A和B。相对于等位基因A,等位基因B在内含子5区存在c.411+24 G>C的SNP;等位基因A频率96.14%为优势等位基因,该位点PIC=0.0712为低度多态。
2.普通牛ADRB3基因3′-UTR区SNPs对部分生长及胴体性状EBV的影响ADRB3基因3′-UTR区SNPs对检测的6个普通牛品种初生重EBV没有显著影响。
海福特牛600日龄重和成年母牛体重EBV在基因型间存在显著差异(P<0.05),AB基因型个体两性状EBV分别显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于AC型。等位基因A对成年母牛体重的EBV有极显著的负效应(P<0.01),而等位基因C对200日龄重EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05),对600日龄重和胴体重有极显著负效应(P<0.01)。选留AB型个体可增加后代群体600日龄重和成年母牛体重。
短角牛生长及胴体重性状的EBV在基因型间无显著差异,但等位基因B对200日龄重EBV有极显著负效应(P<0.01),对600日龄重EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05);等位基因D对成年母牛体重EBV有显著正效应(P<0.05)。降低等位基因B的频率可提高后代群体200日龄和600日龄体重,而增加等位基因D的频率则能提高后代群体的成年母牛体重。
安格斯牛BB基因型个体400日龄重EBV显著高于AA型个体(P<0.05),而600日龄重、成年母牛体重和胴体重EBV极显著高于AA型个体(P<0.01),AB型个体介于两者之间。等位基因A对600日龄重及成年母牛体重EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05),对胴体重有极显著负效应(P<0.01);等位基因B对400日龄重EBV有显著正效应。BB基因型频率低(3.23%),所受选择压力大,应慎重考虑通过增加BB型个体以提高后代群体生长及胴体性状对其他与ADRB3基因相关性状的综合影响。
墨里灰牛ADRB3基因的各基因型对200-600日龄体重的EBV没有显著影响,只有AB基因型个体600日龄重EBV显著高于AA型(P<0.05),选留AB型个体能增加后代群体的600日龄体重。
南德温牛ADRB3基因的各基因型及等位基因不影响200-600日龄重的EBV。
西门塔尔牛200-600日龄重EBV在ADRB3基因的各个基因型间无显著差异,但等位基因B对400日龄重和600日龄重的EBV有显著负效应(P<0.05)。
ADRB3基因对动物脂肪分解和产热调节,以及CAPN3和CAPN4基因对肌肉蛋白水解过程均有重要作用,因此推测3类基因影响牛的生长及胴体品质。本研究检测了普通牛及牦牛ADRB3、CAPN3和CAPN4基因相应区域的多态性,表明其在不同群体中的分子遗传特性;而牦牛ADRB3基因启动子区特有的SNP,将有助于从分子水平进一步探索牦牛不同于普通牛的耐寒性。本研究也证实ADRB3基因3′-UTR区多态性对普通牛各阶段体重及胴体性状的EBV有不同影响,为相应性状分子标记辅助选择提供依据。
In this study, the variation of ADRB3 gene was detected in Chinese cattle, Tianzhu white yak, Gannan yak, Qinghai yak, and ten cattle breeds in New Zealand including Hereford, Shorthorn, Angus, Murray Grey, Simmental, South Devon, Charolais, Red Poll, Highland and Salers by PCR-SSCP, as well as the CAPN3 and CAPN4 genes in some of above populations, in order to understand the genetic characters of these three genes in cattle and yak. Based on the pivotal role of ADRB3 in lipolytic and thermogenic processes in mammal and potential effects on growth and carcass traits of domestic animal, the association of the polymorphisms in 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene and Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) of growth and carcass traits were analyzed for the purpose of evaluating the possibility of ADRB3 as a candidate gene for growth and carcass traits in the investigated cattle breeds. The main results showed as follows:
1. Polymorphisms of ADRB3, CAPN3 and CAPN4 genes
Six PCR-SSCP patterns representing six alleles A-F containing four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three nucleotide deletion/insertions were observed at the promoter region of ADRB3 gene in 737 cattle from ten breeds in New Zealand and one Chinese cattle population by PCR-SSCP. Allele A was the most common allele with frequency of more than 86% in ten cattle populations excluding Highand, especially all of Salers represented genotype AA. Alleles distributed disproportionably among eleven populations, such as allele C observed in Charolais and allele F in Hereford and Murray Grey, as well as alleles D and E only in Chinese cattle. The promoter region of ADRB3 gene showed low genetic diversity with polymorphism information content (PIC) of less than 0.25 in all of the populations except Highland cattle with PIC of 0.3666. Those results suggested that strong selection pressure were applied to cattle in both New Zealand and China to maintain low genetic diversity at promoter region of ADRB3 gene.
Two alleles YA and YB were checked at promoter region of ADRB3 gene in 334 individuals from three yak populations in China. There were three SNPs within allele YB relative to allele YA in yak or allele A in cattle. Mutation of c.-430A>T that particularly detected within allele YB showed genetic characteristic of ADRB3 in yak as distingushed from cattle. Allele YB was the most common allele with frequency of 97.3% and 98.0% in Tianzh white yak and Qinghai yak respectively, but there was only identified allele YB in Gannan yak. It was possible that allele YA came from cattle because of very low frequency in yak and same sequence with allele A of cattle. The polymorphism at promoter region of ADRB3 in yak was low with PIC less than 0.25, considering the association of ADRB3 gene with cold tolerance of mammal, suggesting strong selection pressure is being applied to yak by cold climate in alpine region to maintain low genetic diversity at this locus in the population.
Four alleles A, B,C and D were identified at 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene in total 1142 cattle from seven breeds including Angus, Shorthorn, Hereford, Simmental, Murray Grey, Red Poll and South Devon. Alleles B, C and D contained five SNPs relative to allele A. Allele A was the most common allele according to frequency ranged from 63.63%-93.73% in all investigated population except Shorthorn with frequency of alleles A and B of 35.90% and 41.76%, respectively. Four alleles distributed unequally among seven populations, and alleles A and B were detected in all populations and alleles C in Simmental, Hereford and Shorthorn, but allele D not in Murray Grey as well. According to PIC at 3′-UTR of ADRB3, polymorphism was poor in Murray Grey and Red Poll with PIC of less than 0.25 and moderate in Angus and Hereford and South Devon with PIC ranged from 0.25 to 0.5, and higher in Simmental and Shorthorn with PIC morn than 0.5.
No variation was detected at exon 1 of CAPN3 gene in Highland, Red Poll, Hereford, Angus and Simmental cattle from New Zealand, but two alleles A and B were observed in Chinese cattle and allele A was the most common allele with frequency of 96.98%. The mutation of c.54T>G detected at allele B resulted in a non-synonymous substitution of p.Met18Arg polymorphism relative to allele A. Genetic diversity was poor at the exon 1 of CAPN3 gene in Chinese cattle with PIC of 0.0568.
No mutation was checked in exon 5-6 of CAPN4 in Salers cattle and Gannan yak, but two alleles A and B were found in Chinese cattle and allele A was the most common allele with a frequency of 96.14%. There was a substitution of c.411+24G>C detected at intron 5 in allele B relative to allele A. The exon 5-6 of CAPN4 in Chinese cattle showed low polymorphism with PIC of 0.0568.
2. Effects of polymorphisms in 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene on EBVs of some growth and carcass traits in cattle.
Variations at the 3′-UTR of ADRB3 gene was not found to have a significant effect on birth weight EBV of investigated cattle breeds.
Genotypes of ADRB3 were found to have a significant effect on 600-day and mature cow weight EBV of Hereford cattle (P<0.05) and Least significant difference revealed the individuals with genotype AB was higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01) than that with AC. The presence of allele A had a significantly negative effect on mature cow weight EBV (P<0.01), as well as the presence of allele C on 200-day weight EBV (P<0.05), 600-day weight EBV (P<0.01) and carcass weight EBV (P<0.01), respectively. Selection of the individuals with genotype AB would increase the 600-day weight and mature cow weight of their progenies.
EBVs of growth and carcass traits were not significantly different between individuals with different genotypes of ADRB3 in Shorthorn. The presence of allele B had a significantly negative effects on 200-day weight EBV (P<0.01) and 600-day weight EBV (P<0.05), whereas the allele D had a significantly positive effect on mature cow weight EBV (P<0.05). As a result, 200-day and 600-day weight of progenies would increase by reducing the frequency of allele B in Shorthorn cattle, and the mature cow weight of progenies would be put on with adding the frequency of allele D as well.
The individuals with genotype BB of ADRB3 was higher than that with AA (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in 400-day, 600-day, mature cow and carcass weight EBV of Angus cattle, while that with AB was found between the two. The presence of allele A had a significantly negative effects on 600-day and mature cow weight EBV (P<0.05) and carcass weight EBV (P<0.01), but the presence of allele B had a significantly positive effect on 400-day weight EBV. Considering the very low frequency of genotype BB suggesting a strong selection pressure being applied to individuals with that genotype in Angus, the selective reaction of other traits associated with ADRB3 gene need to be evaluated carefully as improvement of the growth and carcass traits by adding individuals with genotype BB in Angus cattle.
Genotype of ADRB3 was not found to affect 200-day and 400-day weight EBV in Murray Grey cattle investigated. But individuals with genotype AB was higher in 600-day weight EBV than that with AA (P<0.05). Therefore, selection of individuals with genotype AB would increase 600-day weight of their progenies.
Genotype and allelic presence of ADRB3 gene were not found to have significant effects on 200-day, 400-day and 600-day weight EBVs in South Devon cattle investigated.
There were no significantly different in 200- to 600-day weight EBV among genotype of ADRB3 in Simmental cattle investigated. But presence of allele B had a significantly negative effect on 400-day and 600-day weight EBV (P<0.05).
In summary, ADRB3, CAPN3 and CAPN4 gene appear to play a pivotal role in regulation of lipolytic and thermogenic in adipose tissue of mammal and proteolytic processes in muscles, respectively, thus those genes could be involved in bovine growth and carcass qualities. In this study we reported identification of novel mutations at the promoter region and 3′-UTR of ADRB3, exon 1 of CAPN3 and intron 5 of CAPN4 representing the genetic characteristics of three genes in cattle or yak populations investigated. The particular SNP at promoter region of ADRB3 in yak would contribute to molecular research for stronger cold tolerance of yak than cattle. It also provided a basis for Molecular Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) that the variations at 3′-UTR of ADRB3 showed different effects on EBVs of growth and carcass traits in investigated cattle breeds.
引文
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