公路隧道洞身特殊结构地震动力响应研究
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摘要
新建公路隧道穿越强震区时,需要探讨衬砌结构的动力反应机理和采取合理的防震措施。目前大多数主要是针对隧道洞门部位及断层破碎带等不良地质断面的地震动力分析,而对隧道洞身薄弱部位,如紧急停车带局部扩大断面和横向联络通道交叉断面结构的地震反应分析研究较少,本文以龙溪隧道为依托,结合目前地下结构动力分析理论,运用FLAC3D有限差分数值分析软件对隧道洞身特殊结构的地震动力反应研究,主要包括以下研究内容：
1.对公路隧道洞身紧急停车带结构的地震动力反应研究,通过FLAC3D动力时程分析方法,探讨了停车带的结构形式、围岩条件和埋深等因素对隧道衬砌结构的地震反应的影响。
2.对公路隧道洞身车行横通道结构的地震动力反应研究,主要探讨了横通道与正洞的交叉形式、围岩条件和埋深等因素对隧道衬砌结构的地震反应的影响。
3.对公路隧道抗减震方法和措施进行研究,主要探讨了紧急停车带的减震缝的减震效果。通过在紧急停车带附近不同位置处设置减震缝以及考虑采用不同参数的减震材料研究隧道减震缝的减震效果。
以上研究表明：紧急停车带过渡段部位结构形式越平缓,越利于抗震。当横通道与主隧道正交连接时,其隧道交叉断面衬砌结构的抗震性能比斜交时好。紧急停车带在过渡段与扩大段交界处设置减震缝减震效果显著,减震缝材料采用变形模量为1MPa左右效果最好。本研究结论对公路隧道减震设计和修建有一定的理论指导和参考价值。
It's necessary to study dynamic response of tunnel and the corresponding anti-shock absorption measures when construct the tunnel in high intensity earthquake area. Most of the current research is mainly aimed at tunnel portal and the fault rupture or bad geological section. Parts of the weak area of the tunnel, such as emergency stop with local expanded sections and transverse passage cross sectional which have less study on earthquake response analysis, this paper base on Long xi tunnel, combined with the current theory of underground structure dynamic analysis, using the FLAC3D finite software to study on seismic dynamic response of the special structure of the tunnel, the main contents are summarized as follows:
1. The seismic dynamic responses of the highway tunnel emergency parking structure, through the FLAC3D,discusses the dynamic response of tunnel lining structure, surrounding emergency parking structural style and rock condition and buried depth of tunnel.
2. The seismic dynamic response of the highway tunnel cross gallery structure, it has mainly discussed the dynamic response of tunnel lining structure, surrounding tunnel cross gallery connect forms, rock condition and buried depth of tunnel.
3.Studies the shock absorption method and measures of highway tunnel emergency parking structure, mainly discusses the effect of the absorbing joint. By setting the absorbing joint at the different positions of the emergency parking area and using different parameters damping materials to study the damping effect of the absorbing.
Research shows that,the more gentle of the tunnel emergency parking structure is,the greater the seismic capacity of lining structure is. When the cross channel and the main tunnel orthogonally connected, the seismic performance of the tunnel lining structure is better than the oblique crossing. The best position of the absorbing joint is at the junction of the transition and the expanding section,and the appropriate elastic modulus of the absorbing joint material is about1MPa.This research can provides the theoretical guidance for the actual highway tunnel project.
1.对公路隧道洞身紧急停车带结构的地震动力反应研究,通过FLAC3D动力时程分析方法,探讨了停车带的结构形式、围岩条件和埋深等因素对隧道衬砌结构的地震反应的影响。
2.对公路隧道洞身车行横通道结构的地震动力反应研究,主要探讨了横通道与正洞的交叉形式、围岩条件和埋深等因素对隧道衬砌结构的地震反应的影响。
3.对公路隧道抗减震方法和措施进行研究,主要探讨了紧急停车带的减震缝的减震效果。通过在紧急停车带附近不同位置处设置减震缝以及考虑采用不同参数的减震材料研究隧道减震缝的减震效果。
以上研究表明：紧急停车带过渡段部位结构形式越平缓,越利于抗震。当横通道与主隧道正交连接时,其隧道交叉断面衬砌结构的抗震性能比斜交时好。紧急停车带在过渡段与扩大段交界处设置减震缝减震效果显著,减震缝材料采用变形模量为1MPa左右效果最好。本研究结论对公路隧道减震设计和修建有一定的理论指导和参考价值。
It's necessary to study dynamic response of tunnel and the corresponding anti-shock absorption measures when construct the tunnel in high intensity earthquake area. Most of the current research is mainly aimed at tunnel portal and the fault rupture or bad geological section. Parts of the weak area of the tunnel, such as emergency stop with local expanded sections and transverse passage cross sectional which have less study on earthquake response analysis, this paper base on Long xi tunnel, combined with the current theory of underground structure dynamic analysis, using the FLAC3D finite software to study on seismic dynamic response of the special structure of the tunnel, the main contents are summarized as follows:
1. The seismic dynamic responses of the highway tunnel emergency parking structure, through the FLAC3D,discusses the dynamic response of tunnel lining structure, surrounding emergency parking structural style and rock condition and buried depth of tunnel.
2. The seismic dynamic response of the highway tunnel cross gallery structure, it has mainly discussed the dynamic response of tunnel lining structure, surrounding tunnel cross gallery connect forms, rock condition and buried depth of tunnel.
3.Studies the shock absorption method and measures of highway tunnel emergency parking structure, mainly discusses the effect of the absorbing joint. By setting the absorbing joint at the different positions of the emergency parking area and using different parameters damping materials to study the damping effect of the absorbing.
Research shows that,the more gentle of the tunnel emergency parking structure is,the greater the seismic capacity of lining structure is. When the cross channel and the main tunnel orthogonally connected, the seismic performance of the tunnel lining structure is better than the oblique crossing. The best position of the absorbing joint is at the junction of the transition and the expanding section,and the appropriate elastic modulus of the absorbing joint material is about1MPa.This research can provides the theoretical guidance for the actual highway tunnel project.
引文
[1]黄胜.高烈度地震下隧道破坏机制及抗震研究[D].武汉：中科院武汉岩土力学研究所,2010.
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[8]周德培.高烈度地震区浅埋大跨隧道施工技术及抗震材料[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(2)：1-4.
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[14]郑永来,杨林德等.地下结构抗震[M].同济大学出版社,2005.
[15]吕和林.一种用于浅埋隧道抗震分析的拟静力数值方法[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(3)：315～319.
[16]梁波,王志勇.地震条件下隧道扩大交叉断面的动力响应分析[J].重庆交通大学.
[17]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京：人们交通出版社,2003.
[18]高峰.隧道结构动力分析若干问题研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.2003.
[19]王明年.高地震区地下结构减震技术原理的研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.1999.
[20]陈贵红.沉管隧道抗震数值分析[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2002.
[21]于翔,陈启亮等.地下结构抗震研究方法及现状[J].山西建筑,2003,29(7)：35-36.
[22]张建明,张嘎.土体与结构物动力相互作用研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增1)：854～865.
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[28]Okamoto Shunzo. Introduction to Earthquake Engineering (2nd Ed) [M]. University of Tokyo Press.1984.
[29]Yakovlevich D I, Borisovna M J. Behavior of tunnel lining model on seismic platform[C]. VI. Sump, on Earthquake Engineering. University of Roorkee.1978 (1).379-382.
[30]Goto Y, blatsuda Y, Ejiri J, et al. Influence of Distance between Juxtaposed Shield Tunnels on their Seismic Responses[C]. Proc.9th World Conf. on Earthq. Eng. Tokyo-Kyoto. Japan.1988.
[31]邵根大,骆文海.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐展性的研究[J].中国铁道科学.1992.12(2).92～108.
[32]季倩倩.地铁车站结构振动台模型试验研究[D].上海：同济大学博士学位论文.2002.
[33]苏亮.盾构法隧道的弹塑性地震反应分析[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.1998.
[34]YoussefM.A.Hashashetal. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.2001.16.
[35]Newmark N M. Problems in wave propagation in soil and rock[C].Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials. NewMexico.Albuquerque.1968.7-26.
[36]Kuesel T R. Earthquake design criteria for subways [J].J. Struct. Div. ASCE ST6.1969. 1213～1231.
[37]St.John C M, Zahrah T F. Aseismic design of underground structures [J].Tunnel. Underground Space Technol.1987.2 (2).165-197.
[38]Polder M S, Rosidi D, Kaneshiro J. Screening.evaluation and retrofit design of tunnels[C].In.Report Draft. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.Buffalo. NewYork.1996.Vol (3) 212-215.
[39]Lysmer J, Udaka T, Tsai C F, et al. Flush.analysis of soil-structure interaction Research Center. University of California.A computer program for approximate 3-D problems[R].Earthquake Engineering Berkeley.1975.
[40]8ardet J P. Linos-a Non-linear Finite Element Program for Geomechanics Geotechical Engineering[M]. User's Manual. University of Southern California. Los Angeles.CA. 1991.
[41]Navarro C. Effect of adjoining structures on seismic response of tunnels [J].Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.1992. Vol.16.797～814.
[42]李育枢.山岭隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].上海.同济大学博士学位论文.2006.
[43]林皋.地下结构的抗震设计[J].土木工程学报.1996.29(1)
[44]张建民.土体与结构物动力相互作用研究进展[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2001.20.
[45]Kuesel T R. Earthquake design criteria for subways[J]. Journal of the Structural Division.ASCE.1969.95 (ST6).1213～1231.
[46]周德培.地铁抗震设计准则[J].世界隧道.1995(2).36～45.
[47]孙钧,候学渊.地下结构[M](上、下册).北京.科学出版社.1987.
[48]Michael O' Rouker, Leon R. L. Wang.i谢君斐等译.地震工程与土动力学问题译文集[M].北京.地震出版社.1985.
[49]福季耶娃.地震区地下结构支护的计算[M].北京.煤炭出版社.1986.
[50]陈育明、徐鼎平.FLAC3D基础与工程实例.[M].北京.中国水利水电出版社.2008
[51]高文立.高烈度地震区特长隧道浅埋段地震动力想拥有及减免震措施研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士论文,2011.
[52]朱永生.浅埋隧道地震动力响应数值分析及研究[D].成都：西南交通大学硕士论文,2006.
[53]王维嘉.公路隧道洞口段震害机理及抗减震措施研究[D].成都：西南交通大学硕士论文,2012.
[54]张维庆.穿越断层隧道震害机理以及抗减震技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学硕士论文,2012.
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[56]中华人民共和国行业标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011.2001) [S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[2]林皋.地下结构抗减震问题[R].第四届全国地震工程会议,1994.1.
[3]关宝数编译.免震结构设计指南及解释[R],西南交通大学资料,1992.
[4]王志杰,高波,关宝树.围岩-隧道衬砌结构体系的减震研究[J].西南交通大学报,1996,31(6)：590～594.
[5]王志杰.地震区隧道洞口段减震模式研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.1996.
[6]王明年,关宝树.地下结构是免震结构[J].工程力学(增刊),1999.
[7]周德培.强震区隧道洞口段的动力特性研究[J].地震工程与工程震动.1998.
[8]周德培.高烈度地震区浅埋大跨隧道施工技术及抗震材料[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(2)：1-4.
[9]林皋.地下结构抗震分析综述(上)[J].世界地震工程.1990,6(2)：1-9.
[10]林皋.地下结构抗震分析综述(下)[J].世界地震工程.1990,6(3)：1-10.
[11]邵根大,骆文海等.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究[R].北京：铁道部科学研究院,1990：92～109.
[12]王以军.国道318线黄草坪隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].成都理工大学硕士学位论文.2005.
[13]潘昌实.隧道及地下结构抗震问题研究概况[J].世界隧道,1996.
[14]郑永来,杨林德等.地下结构抗震[M].同济大学出版社,2005.
[15]吕和林.一种用于浅埋隧道抗震分析的拟静力数值方法[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(3)：315～319.
[16]梁波,王志勇.地震条件下隧道扩大交叉断面的动力响应分析[J].重庆交通大学.
[17]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京：人们交通出版社,2003.
[18]高峰.隧道结构动力分析若干问题研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.2003.
[19]王明年.高地震区地下结构减震技术原理的研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.1999.
[20]陈贵红.沉管隧道抗震数值分析[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2002.
[21]于翔,陈启亮等.地下结构抗震研究方法及现状[J].山西建筑,2003,29(7)：35-36.
[22]张建明,张嘎.土体与结构物动力相互作用研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增1)：854～865.
[23]Dowding C H and Rozen A.Damage to rock tunnels from earthquake shaking [J] J.Geotech.Eng.Div. ASCE.1978. Vol.104.pp 175～191.
[24]Nakamura S, Yoshida N, Iwatate T. Damage to Daikai Subway Station During the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake and Its Investigation[J]. Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Committee of Earthquake Engineering.1996. pp 287-295.
[25]Power M, Rosidi D, Kaneshiro J. Seismic vulnerability of tunnels-revisited[C].L. Ozedimir. Ed. Proceedings of the North American Tunneling Conference. Long Beach. CA. USA. Elsevier.1998.
[26]Okamoto Shunzo. Introduction to Earthquake Engineering (2nd Ed) [M]. University of Tokyo Press.1984.
[27]Hamada H, Kitahara M. Earthquake observation and BIE analysis on dynamic behavior of rockcavern[C].Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics. Nagoya.1985. Vol.3 pp 1525-1532.
[28]Okamoto Shunzo. Introduction to Earthquake Engineering (2nd Ed) [M]. University of Tokyo Press.1984.
[29]Yakovlevich D I, Borisovna M J. Behavior of tunnel lining model on seismic platform[C]. VI. Sump, on Earthquake Engineering. University of Roorkee.1978 (1).379-382.
[30]Goto Y, blatsuda Y, Ejiri J, et al. Influence of Distance between Juxtaposed Shield Tunnels on their Seismic Responses[C]. Proc.9th World Conf. on Earthq. Eng. Tokyo-Kyoto. Japan.1988.
[31]邵根大,骆文海.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐展性的研究[J].中国铁道科学.1992.12(2).92～108.
[32]季倩倩.地铁车站结构振动台模型试验研究[D].上海：同济大学博士学位论文.2002.
[33]苏亮.盾构法隧道的弹塑性地震反应分析[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.1998.
[34]YoussefM.A.Hashashetal. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.2001.16.
[35]Newmark N M. Problems in wave propagation in soil and rock[C].Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials. NewMexico.Albuquerque.1968.7-26.
[36]Kuesel T R. Earthquake design criteria for subways [J].J. Struct. Div. ASCE ST6.1969. 1213～1231.
[37]St.John C M, Zahrah T F. Aseismic design of underground structures [J].Tunnel. Underground Space Technol.1987.2 (2).165-197.
[38]Polder M S, Rosidi D, Kaneshiro J. Screening.evaluation and retrofit design of tunnels[C].In.Report Draft. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.Buffalo. NewYork.1996.Vol (3) 212-215.
[39]Lysmer J, Udaka T, Tsai C F, et al. Flush.analysis of soil-structure interaction Research Center. University of California.A computer program for approximate 3-D problems[R].Earthquake Engineering Berkeley.1975.
[40]8ardet J P. Linos-a Non-linear Finite Element Program for Geomechanics Geotechical Engineering[M]. User's Manual. University of Southern California. Los Angeles.CA. 1991.
[41]Navarro C. Effect of adjoining structures on seismic response of tunnels [J].Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.1992. Vol.16.797～814.
[42]李育枢.山岭隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].上海.同济大学博士学位论文.2006.
[43]林皋.地下结构的抗震设计[J].土木工程学报.1996.29(1)
[44]张建民.土体与结构物动力相互作用研究进展[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2001.20.
[45]Kuesel T R. Earthquake design criteria for subways[J]. Journal of the Structural Division.ASCE.1969.95 (ST6).1213～1231.
[46]周德培.地铁抗震设计准则[J].世界隧道.1995(2).36～45.
[47]孙钧,候学渊.地下结构[M](上、下册).北京.科学出版社.1987.
[48]Michael O' Rouker, Leon R. L. Wang.i谢君斐等译.地震工程与土动力学问题译文集[M].北京.地震出版社.1985.
[49]福季耶娃.地震区地下结构支护的计算[M].北京.煤炭出版社.1986.
[50]陈育明、徐鼎平.FLAC3D基础与工程实例.[M].北京.中国水利水电出版社.2008
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