钣金件特征设计及其关键技术研究
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摘要
钣金件特征造型技术一直是CAD/CAM领域中重要的研究内容。经过二十多年的发展,虽然特征造型技术的研究取得很大成就并在实际生产设计中得到了广泛应用,但仍存在不少困难的问题有待进一步解决。本文以拓扑元素的命名与辨识和相交特征识别问题为核心,对钣金件特征造型技术中存在的关键问题开展研究。
论文提出了一种拓扑元素命名和辨识的方法,其特点是在特征模型编辑后物体的拓扑结构发生变化时能有效地辨识出拓扑元素的前后对应关系,并能有效地支持钣金件相交特征识别。
针对钣金件特点进行特征分类,采用特征二叉树存储结构建立钣金件主形状特征之间的关系,这种树状结构直观地反映了钣金件的构成和特征之间的连接关系,可运用成熟的二叉树算法,查询特征信息并为钣金件的自动展开提供基础。
论文提出了基于抽象扩展属性邻接图(AEAAG:Abstract Extend-ed Attributed Adjacency Graph)的局部特征识别方法,采用AEAAG来表示钣金件特征模型,提出用拓扑元素信息生成辅助边,通过拓扑元素编号机制分离AEAAG,从而进行特征匹配,不但实现了钣金件相交特征的自动识别,而且能够在两个特征发生合并时提示用户进行特征合并。
论文还提出了一种钣金件自动展开新方法,采用对特征树进行中序遍历得到钣金件的展开图。
在上述研究的基础上,基于AutoCAD平台自主开发了钣金件特征造型原型系统SM-CAD(Sheet-Metal CAD),实现了钣金件特征设计和钣金件的自动展开。
The feature-based modeling method for Sheet-Metal is always an important research area of CAD/CAM. It has achieved great progress and has been widely used in industries over last decade. However, there are still some challenging problems remained. This dissertation focuses on the research on identification and denomination of feature elements and the recognition of intersect features, as well as the related key research issues of feature technology.
A new mechanism of naming and identifying topological entities of a feature model is proposed in this thesis, the advantage of the proposed approach is that the identified topological entities are more reasonable in respect to the design intent and it can effectively supported the interacting feature of Sheet-Metal parts.
The thesis assorts the feature of Sheet-Metal and uses the approach of feature bintree to store the relation of main features. The structure of the feature tree can reflect the realation between the Sheet-Metal feature clearly and easily, and use the mature algorithom of bintree to get the information of the feature. And it also provides foundation for Sheet-Metal automatic unfolding.
The thesis introduces a novel local feature recognition method based on AEAAG (Abstract Extended Attributed Adjacency Graph). AEAAG is used to express the feature model of the Sheet-Metal and the information of topological entities is utilized to generate the assistant edge. Newly generated AEAAG is decomposed and then the interacting features of Sheet-Metals are recognized by matching the subgraph. This method can automatically recognize intersection features of Sheet-Metal parts.
A new mechanism which based on the in-order traversing feature binary tree of Sheet-Metal automatic unfolding is proposed in this thesis.
Based on all above,we develop a system of SM-CAD (CAD system of Sheet-Metal) which can design the Sheet-Metal easily and unfold the Sheet-Metal automatic.
论文提出了一种拓扑元素命名和辨识的方法,其特点是在特征模型编辑后物体的拓扑结构发生变化时能有效地辨识出拓扑元素的前后对应关系,并能有效地支持钣金件相交特征识别。
针对钣金件特点进行特征分类,采用特征二叉树存储结构建立钣金件主形状特征之间的关系,这种树状结构直观地反映了钣金件的构成和特征之间的连接关系,可运用成熟的二叉树算法,查询特征信息并为钣金件的自动展开提供基础。
论文提出了基于抽象扩展属性邻接图(AEAAG:Abstract Extend-ed Attributed Adjacency Graph)的局部特征识别方法,采用AEAAG来表示钣金件特征模型,提出用拓扑元素信息生成辅助边,通过拓扑元素编号机制分离AEAAG,从而进行特征匹配,不但实现了钣金件相交特征的自动识别,而且能够在两个特征发生合并时提示用户进行特征合并。
论文还提出了一种钣金件自动展开新方法,采用对特征树进行中序遍历得到钣金件的展开图。
在上述研究的基础上,基于AutoCAD平台自主开发了钣金件特征造型原型系统SM-CAD(Sheet-Metal CAD),实现了钣金件特征设计和钣金件的自动展开。
The feature-based modeling method for Sheet-Metal is always an important research area of CAD/CAM. It has achieved great progress and has been widely used in industries over last decade. However, there are still some challenging problems remained. This dissertation focuses on the research on identification and denomination of feature elements and the recognition of intersect features, as well as the related key research issues of feature technology.
A new mechanism of naming and identifying topological entities of a feature model is proposed in this thesis, the advantage of the proposed approach is that the identified topological entities are more reasonable in respect to the design intent and it can effectively supported the interacting feature of Sheet-Metal parts.
The thesis assorts the feature of Sheet-Metal and uses the approach of feature bintree to store the relation of main features. The structure of the feature tree can reflect the realation between the Sheet-Metal feature clearly and easily, and use the mature algorithom of bintree to get the information of the feature. And it also provides foundation for Sheet-Metal automatic unfolding.
The thesis introduces a novel local feature recognition method based on AEAAG (Abstract Extended Attributed Adjacency Graph). AEAAG is used to express the feature model of the Sheet-Metal and the information of topological entities is utilized to generate the assistant edge. Newly generated AEAAG is decomposed and then the interacting features of Sheet-Metals are recognized by matching the subgraph. This method can automatically recognize intersection features of Sheet-Metal parts.
A new mechanism which based on the in-order traversing feature binary tree of Sheet-Metal automatic unfolding is proposed in this thesis.
Based on all above,we develop a system of SM-CAD (CAD system of Sheet-Metal) which can design the Sheet-Metal easily and unfold the Sheet-Metal automatic.
引文
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[2]Sutherland I E.Sketchpad:A man-machine graphical communication system[C].Proc.Spring Joint Computer Conference 23,1963:43-53
[3]Sunil V B,Pande S S.Automatic recognition of features from freeform surface CAD models[J].Computer-Aided Design,2008,6:1-16
[4]刘文剑,顾琳,常伟,等.基于属性邻接图的制造特征识别方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7(2):53-58
[5]张莹,王兆辉.面向钣金零件可制造性的特征识别[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2006,36(2):4-7
[6]LIU Zhi-jian,LI Jian-jun,WANG Yi-lin,et al.Automatically extracting sheetmetal features from solid model[J].Liu et al./J Zhejiang Univ SCI,2004,5(2):1456-1465
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[14]陈正鸣,高曙明,彭群生.基于局部特征识别的特征有效性维护方法[J].软件学报,2002,24(4):552-560
[15]Huang Z,Yip-Hoi D.High-level feature recognition using feature relationship graphs[J].Computer-Aided Design,2002,34:561-582
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[19]刘长毅.基于图的体积分解的加工特征识别方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,7(12):1014-1017
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[21]Gadh R,Prinz F B.Recognition of geometric forms using the differential depth Filter[J].Computer-Aided Design,1994,24(11):583-597
[22]Prabhakar S,Hederson.Automatic form-feature recognition using neuranetwork based techniques on boundary representations of solid models[J].Computer-Aided Design,1992,24(7):381-393
[23]Ozturk N,Ozturk F.Neural network based non-standard feature recognition to integrate CAD and CAM[J].Computers in Industry,2001,45,123-135
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[26]张红武,孙立镌.语义特征造型系统中相交特征识别技术研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2005,10(1):99-102
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[30]Sakurai H,Dave P.Volume decomposition and feature recognition,part2:curved objects[J].Computer-Aided Design,1996,28(6-7):519-632
[31]Yoonhwan W,Sakurai H.Recognition of maximal features by volume Decomposition[J].Computer-Aided Design,2002,34(3):195-207
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[36]孟祥旭,徐延宁.参数化设计研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(11):1086-1090
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[38]Keyvan R,Behrooz A.Boundary analysis and geometric completion for recognition of interacting machining features[J].Computer-Aided Design,2006,38:845-856
[39]Berg E,Bronsvoort W F.Validity maintenance for freeform feature modeling[M].Submitted for publication,2007
[40]黄正东,谢波,马露杰.设计特征向加工特征转换的扫体重构法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(10):1574-1580
[41]Gao Jian,Zheng D,Gindy N.Mathematical representation of feature conversion for CAD/CAM system integration[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacuturing,2004,20:457-467
[42]Grabowik C,Kalinowski K,Monica Z.Integration of the CAD/ CAPP/PPC systems[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,164-165:1358-1368
[43]Carlos J,Ferreira E,Vivian D.Feature recognition in axisymmetrical parts modeled by solids in an Internet-oriented CAD/CAM system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,179:260-267
[44]Shpitalni M.A new concept for design of sheet metal products[C].Annals of the CIRP,1993,42(1):123-126
[45]璩柏青,许社教.计算机图形学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:185-200
[46]袁泽虎,戴锦春.计算机辅助设计与制造[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004:141-147
[47]荆树旭,何发智,刘华俊.拓扑元素永久命名综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2007,19(5):545-552
[48]Bidarra R,Bronsvoort W F.Semantic feature modeling[J].Computer-Aided Design,2000,32(2000):201-225
[49]Kripac J.Amechanism for persistently naming topological entities in history-based parametric solid models[J].Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(2):113-122
[50]Capoyleas V,Chen X,Hofmann C M.Generic naming in generative,constraint-based design[J].Computer-Aided Design,1996,28(1):17-26
[51]苏晓锋,黄正东,朱林,等.形状特征中的拓扑元素编码体系[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(2):137-141
[52]Gao S,Wan H,Peng Q.An approach to solid modeling in a semi-immersive virtual environment[J].Computer&Graphics,2000,24(2):191-202
[53]陈正鸣,高曙明,张凤军,等.一种拓扑元素的命名和辨识方法[J].计算机学报,2001,13(11):1270-1277
[54]Corney J,Clark D.E.R.Efficient face-based feature cognition[C].In:Proc.Of Solid Modelling'93,Montreal,Canada,1993:313-322
[55]Godfrey C O.Design of parts for cellular manufacturing using Neural network-based approach[J].Journal of intelligent manufacturing,1999,10:251-265
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[59]赵卫东,柳先辉,卫刚.CAD软件二次开发平台实现技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(4):512-516
[60]伽玛.设计模式[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:6-15
[2]Sutherland I E.Sketchpad:A man-machine graphical communication system[C].Proc.Spring Joint Computer Conference 23,1963:43-53
[3]Sunil V B,Pande S S.Automatic recognition of features from freeform surface CAD models[J].Computer-Aided Design,2008,6:1-16
[4]刘文剑,顾琳,常伟,等.基于属性邻接图的制造特征识别方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,7(2):53-58
[5]张莹,王兆辉.面向钣金零件可制造性的特征识别[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2006,36(2):4-7
[6]LIU Zhi-jian,LI Jian-jun,WANG Yi-lin,et al.Automatically extracting sheetmetal features from solid model[J].Liu et al./J Zhejiang Univ SCI,2004,5(2):1456-1465
[7]Shah J J,Mantyla M.Parametric and feature-based CAD/CAM[C]:Concepts Techniques and Application.New York:John Wiley&Sons,1995
[8]Rahmani K,Arezoo B.A hybrid hint-based and graph-based framework for recognition of interacting milling features[J].Computers in Industry,2007,58:304-312
[9]Zhou Xionghui,Qiu Yanjie,Hua Guangru,et al.A feasible approach to the integration of CAD and CAPP[J].Computer-Aided Design,2007,39:324-338
[10]陈永府,黄正东,赵建军,等.混合式的特征识别技术[J].机械设计,2007,6:42-45
[11]Henderson M R,Anderson D.Computer Recognition and extraction of form features[J].Computersin In dustry,1984,5:329-339
[12]Joshi S,Chang T C.Graph-Based heuristics for recognition of machined features from a 3D solid model[J].Computer-Aided Design,1988,20(2):58-66
[13]GAO S,Shah J J.Automatic recognition of interacting machining features based on minimal condition subgraph[J].Computer-Aided Design,1998,30(9):727-739
[14]陈正鸣,高曙明,彭群生.基于局部特征识别的特征有效性维护方法[J].软件学报,2002,24(4):552-560
[15]Huang Z,Yip-Hoi D.High-level feature recognition using feature relationship graphs[J].Computer-Aided Design,2002,34:561-582
[16]Ji Q,Marefat M A.Dempster-Shafer approach for recognizing machine features from CAD models[J].Pattern Recognition,2003,36(6):1355-1368.
[17]Helen L L,Marin D G.Graph-based feature recognition for injection moulding based on a mid-surface approach[J].Computer-Aided Design,2005,37:251-262
[18]杨道庄,王华昌,李志刚.基于图的特征识别方法在注塑模加工中的应用[J].模具技术,2005,3:14-17
[19]刘长毅.基于图的体积分解的加工特征识别方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,7(12):1014-1017
[20]周炜,刘长毅,胡文伟.基于属性邻接图的轴类零件制造特征识别方法[J].机械科学与技术,2006,25(6):716-720
[21]Gadh R,Prinz F B.Recognition of geometric forms using the differential depth Filter[J].Computer-Aided Design,1994,24(11):583-597
[22]Prabhakar S,Hederson.Automatic form-feature recognition using neuranetwork based techniques on boundary representations of solid models[J].Computer-Aided Design,1992,24(7):381-393
[23]Ozturk N,Ozturk F.Neural network based non-standard feature recognition to integrate CAD and CAM[J].Computers in Industry,2001,45,123-135
[24]Ozturk N,Ozturk F.Hybrid neural network and genetic algorithm based machining feature recognition[J].Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2004,15:287N298
[25]Stefano P D,Bianconi F,Angel L D.An approach for feature semantics recognition in geometric models[J].Computer-Aided Design,2004,36:993-1009
[26]张红武,孙立镌.语义特征造型系统中相交特征识别技术研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2005,10(1):99-102
[27]Woo T C.Feature extraction by volume decomposition[C].In:Proc CAD/CAM Technology in Mechanical Engineering,MIT,Cambrideg,1982:97-109
[28]Wang E,Kim Y S.Form feature recognition using convex decomposition:Results Presented at the 1997 ASME CIE Feature Panel Session[J].Computer-Aided Design,1998,30(13):983-989
[29]Sakurai H,Dave P.Volume decomposition and feature recognition,partl:curved objects[J].Computer-Aided Design,1995,27(11):833-843
[30]Sakurai H,Dave P.Volume decomposition and feature recognition,part2:curved objects[J].Computer-Aided Design,1996,28(6-7):519-632
[31]Yoonhwan W,Sakurai H.Recognition of maximal features by volume Decomposition[J].Computer-Aided Design,2002,34(3):195-207
[32]Vandenbrande J H,Requicha A A G.Spatial reasoning for the automatic recognition of machinable features in solid model[J].IEEE transon Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1993,15(12):1269-1285
[33]Han J H,Requicha A A G.Modeler-independent feature recognition in a distributed environment[J].Computer-Aided Design,1998,30(6):453-463
[34]Wilson P R.Feature modeling overview[C].SIGGRAPH '90 Conference.Dallas,TX,1990:17-22
[35]刘雄伟,郑海波,屠晓明.参数化特征造型中拓扑结构变异的一种解决方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(3):267-270
[36]孟祥旭,徐延宁.参数化设计研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(11):1086-1090
[37]白贺斌,徐燕申,曹克伟.基于特征的CAD参数化建模技术及其应用[J].机械设计,2005,22(2):14-16
[38]Keyvan R,Behrooz A.Boundary analysis and geometric completion for recognition of interacting machining features[J].Computer-Aided Design,2006,38:845-856
[39]Berg E,Bronsvoort W F.Validity maintenance for freeform feature modeling[M].Submitted for publication,2007
[40]黄正东,谢波,马露杰.设计特征向加工特征转换的扫体重构法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(10):1574-1580
[41]Gao Jian,Zheng D,Gindy N.Mathematical representation of feature conversion for CAD/CAM system integration[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacuturing,2004,20:457-467
[42]Grabowik C,Kalinowski K,Monica Z.Integration of the CAD/ CAPP/PPC systems[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,164-165:1358-1368
[43]Carlos J,Ferreira E,Vivian D.Feature recognition in axisymmetrical parts modeled by solids in an Internet-oriented CAD/CAM system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2006,179:260-267
[44]Shpitalni M.A new concept for design of sheet metal products[C].Annals of the CIRP,1993,42(1):123-126
[45]璩柏青,许社教.计算机图形学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:185-200
[46]袁泽虎,戴锦春.计算机辅助设计与制造[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004:141-147
[47]荆树旭,何发智,刘华俊.拓扑元素永久命名综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2007,19(5):545-552
[48]Bidarra R,Bronsvoort W F.Semantic feature modeling[J].Computer-Aided Design,2000,32(2000):201-225
[49]Kripac J.Amechanism for persistently naming topological entities in history-based parametric solid models[J].Computer-Aided Design,1997,29(2):113-122
[50]Capoyleas V,Chen X,Hofmann C M.Generic naming in generative,constraint-based design[J].Computer-Aided Design,1996,28(1):17-26
[51]苏晓锋,黄正东,朱林,等.形状特征中的拓扑元素编码体系[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(2):137-141
[52]Gao S,Wan H,Peng Q.An approach to solid modeling in a semi-immersive virtual environment[J].Computer&Graphics,2000,24(2):191-202
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