高强度钢激光电弧复合焊接研究
|
摘要
激光电弧复合焊接是一项新兴的焊接技术,在国外已经发展得相当成熟,而我国在基础研究方面都还存在着许多不足,本文正是在这种背景下,对激光电弧复合焊接进行基础研究。
本文采用CO2激光与旁轴MIG电弧进行复合,以7mm厚的高强钢为焊接研究对象,通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射器等设备对焊接接头的微观组织和机械性能进行了系统的研究。研究结果表明:焊缝在结晶过程中发生马氏体相变,其微观组织为马氏体与大量的残余奥氏体;热影响区微观组织为马氏体与残余奥氏体,晶粒明显长大;硬化区有碳化物析出,微观组织为马氏体与少量奥氏体。激光功率的提高使焊缝和热影响区的微观组织晶粒变大,硬度增高;焊接速度的提高使焊缝和热影响区的微观组织晶粒细化,硬度提高;焊接电流和对接间隙的改变对焊缝和热影响区的微观组织影响不大。激光电弧复合焊接能够实现良好的桥联性;焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材;焊缝硬度低于激光焊接,并且均匀性良好。
Laser-arc hybrid welding is a new developing welding technology, which has been well developed abroad, however it is still under the stage of fundamental research in our country. In this paper, the aim of the paper is to study laser-arc hybrid of high-strength steels .
In this paper, a CO2 laser combinated with MIGwas used to weld high-strengh steels, the microstructure and mechanical characters were studied systematically by SEM, TEM and XRD etc. The experimental results indicate that martensitic phase transformation takes place in the weld bead during crystallization; its microstructure consist of martensitic and lots of retained austenite;heat affected zone’s microstructure are martensitic and retained austenite,its crystal grain grow larger obviously; harding zone precipitate carbide,its microstructure are martensitic and a few retained austenite; Higher laser power makes the weld bead and heat affected zone’s crystal grain refine, the content of martensitic increase, the hardness becomes higher; higher the speed of welding makes the weld bead and heat affected zone’s crystal grain refine, the content of martensitic increase, the modification of welding current and gap have little influence to the microstructure of the weld bead and heat affected zone. Laserhybrid is able to implement nicer bridging; the tensile strength of the welding joint is higher than the parent metal; the hardness of weld bead is lower than laser, and has a good uniform.
本文采用CO2激光与旁轴MIG电弧进行复合,以7mm厚的高强钢为焊接研究对象,通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射器等设备对焊接接头的微观组织和机械性能进行了系统的研究。研究结果表明:焊缝在结晶过程中发生马氏体相变,其微观组织为马氏体与大量的残余奥氏体;热影响区微观组织为马氏体与残余奥氏体,晶粒明显长大;硬化区有碳化物析出,微观组织为马氏体与少量奥氏体。激光功率的提高使焊缝和热影响区的微观组织晶粒变大,硬度增高;焊接速度的提高使焊缝和热影响区的微观组织晶粒细化,硬度提高;焊接电流和对接间隙的改变对焊缝和热影响区的微观组织影响不大。激光电弧复合焊接能够实现良好的桥联性;焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材;焊缝硬度低于激光焊接,并且均匀性良好。
Laser-arc hybrid welding is a new developing welding technology, which has been well developed abroad, however it is still under the stage of fundamental research in our country. In this paper, the aim of the paper is to study laser-arc hybrid of high-strength steels .
In this paper, a CO2 laser combinated with MIGwas used to weld high-strengh steels, the microstructure and mechanical characters were studied systematically by SEM, TEM and XRD etc. The experimental results indicate that martensitic phase transformation takes place in the weld bead during crystallization; its microstructure consist of martensitic and lots of retained austenite;heat affected zone’s microstructure are martensitic and retained austenite,its crystal grain grow larger obviously; harding zone precipitate carbide,its microstructure are martensitic and a few retained austenite; Higher laser power makes the weld bead and heat affected zone’s crystal grain refine, the content of martensitic increase, the hardness becomes higher; higher the speed of welding makes the weld bead and heat affected zone’s crystal grain refine, the content of martensitic increase, the modification of welding current and gap have little influence to the microstructure of the weld bead and heat affected zone. Laserhybrid is able to implement nicer bridging; the tensile strength of the welding joint is higher than the parent metal; the hardness of weld bead is lower than laser, and has a good uniform.
引文
1田川,吕高尚,闻义.激光电弧复合悍接一一种新型悍接方法.机车车辆工艺. 2005,4(2):5～10
2关振中.激光加工工艺手册.北京:中国计量出版社,1998:109～132
3陶湘保,曾立平.激光焊接技术在汽车制造中的应用.专用汽车.2006,7:13～16
4中国机械工程学会焊接学会编.焊接手册.第1卷.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
5郑启光,辜建辉.激光与物质相互作用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社. 1996:23～45
6刘继常,李力钧.激光复合焊接的探讨.焊接技术, 2002,31(4):6～8
7 U.Dithey, H. Keller, A. Ghandehari. Laser beam welding with filler metal. Steel Research, 1999,No.4:198～201
8近藤蔚文编,实用激光加工,北京:机械工业出版社. 1996:45～48
9 A.Khersonsky, H.Lee. Induction heating for efficient laser applications. Advanced Materials & Process, 2000,4:39～41
10 W.M.Steen, M.Eboo. Arc augmented laser welding. Metal Construction. July 1979.11(7):332～335
11 W.M.Steen,M.Eboo. Arc augmented laser processing of materials. J Appl Phys,1980,51(11):5636～5641
12 W.M.Steen. Arc augmented laser welding-process variables, structure and properties.The Joining of Metals. Spring Residential Coference, Coventry, 10-12 April 1981.
13中国机械工程学会焊接学会.焊接手册第一卷焊接方法及设备.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:3～20
14 J Paullnl, G Simon. A theoretical lower limit for laser power in laser-enhanced arc welding. Appl. Phys. 1993(26):1523～1527
15 C.Walz, T.seefeld, G.sepold. Process stability and design of seam geometry during hybrid welding, Conf:ICAEO 2001
16 K.H. Magee. Laser assisted metal arc weld characteristics, Laser Institute of America, 1991, Vol.71: 382～399
17 Abe Nobuyuki, Kunugita Yasushi, Hayashi Masakazu, Tsuchitani Yoshiaki. Laser Institute of America, Proceedings, 1997, 83(2):155～163
18 Hans Engstorm et al. Laser hybrid welding of high strength steels, Conf:ICAEO 2001
19陈建.复合焊接技术的发展.焊接.1994(9):2～6
20朱轶峰,董春林.激光电弧复合焊接技术.航空制造技术,2002(9):32～34
21刘继常,李力钧.激光复合焊接的探讨.焊接技术,2000(8):30～32
22胡绳荪,张绍彬,赵家瑞.电弧强化激光焊,焊接学报1993 14(3): 159～163
23 T.Shida, Hirokawa Masatoshi, Sato Shoichi. CO2 laser welding of aluminum alloys-welding of aluminum alloys using CO2 laser beam in combination with MIG arc Welding Research Abroad, 1997, ( 43) 5: 36～41
24牧野吉延,椎原克典,浅井知.溶接学会志,2001,70(4):18～22
25 Tishide,M.Nayama.Coaxial TIG-YAG&MIG-YAG welding methods.Welding International.2001,15(12):940～945
26 J.Biffin, R.Walduck, Plasma Arc Augmented Laser Welding(PLAW).Proc.Eurojoin,1994:295～304
27陈俐,董春林,吕高尚. YAG/MAG激光电弧复合焊工艺研究.焊接技术.2004,33(40):21～23
28董春林,陈俐,吕高尚.不锈钢YAG-MAG激光电弧复合焊接工艺.航空制造技术. 2005(3):68～71
29樊丁,中田一博,牛尾城夫.激光与脉冲MIG复合焊接试验研究. 2002(2):169～171
30 J.P. Coelho, M.A. Abreu. High-speed laser welding of plastic films. Optics and Lasers in Engineering.2000, 385～395
31 S. Palanco, M. Klassen. Spectroscopic diagnostics on CW-laser welding plasmas of aluminum alloys. Spectrochimica Acta Part B. 2001,651～659
32 C.W. Tan, Y.C. Chan. Characterization of Kovar-to-Kovar laser welded joints and its mechanical strength. 2005, 151～162
33藤文华.激光-电弧复合焊接在汽车制造中的应用.电焊机. 2004(6):9～11
34吕德林,李砚珠,焊接金相分析,机械工业出版社,1987
35崔忠沂.金属学与热处理.哈尔滨工业大学,1995.10
36徐州,赵连城.金属固态相变原理.科学出版社,2004.3
37冶金工业部钢铁研究总院.合金钢手册(上册).冶金工业出版社,1984.9
38徐祖耀.马氏体相变与马氏体.科学出版社,1980.3
39徐祖耀.相变原理.北京:科学出版社,1988
40 Gang Song, Liming Liu, Peichong Wang. Overlap welding of magnesium AZ31B sheets using laser-arc hybrid process. Materials Science and Engineering A 429 (2006) 312–319
41金相图谱编写组.金相图谱.水利电力出版社. 1986.4
42 B. Hu, I.M. Richardson. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075(T6) hybrid laser/GMA welds. Materials Science and Engineering A 459 (2007) 94–100
43 Liming Liu, Gang Song, Guoli Liang, Jifeng Wang. Pore formation during hybrid laser-tungsten inert gas arc welding of magnesium alloy AZ31B—mechanism and remedy. Materials Science and Engineering A 390 (2005) 76–80
44 Liu Liming, Wang Jifeng, Song Gang. Hybrid laser–TIG welding, laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A 381 (2004) 129–133
2关振中.激光加工工艺手册.北京:中国计量出版社,1998:109～132
3陶湘保,曾立平.激光焊接技术在汽车制造中的应用.专用汽车.2006,7:13～16
4中国机械工程学会焊接学会编.焊接手册.第1卷.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
5郑启光,辜建辉.激光与物质相互作用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社. 1996:23～45
6刘继常,李力钧.激光复合焊接的探讨.焊接技术, 2002,31(4):6～8
7 U.Dithey, H. Keller, A. Ghandehari. Laser beam welding with filler metal. Steel Research, 1999,No.4:198～201
8近藤蔚文编,实用激光加工,北京:机械工业出版社. 1996:45～48
9 A.Khersonsky, H.Lee. Induction heating for efficient laser applications. Advanced Materials & Process, 2000,4:39～41
10 W.M.Steen, M.Eboo. Arc augmented laser welding. Metal Construction. July 1979.11(7):332～335
11 W.M.Steen,M.Eboo. Arc augmented laser processing of materials. J Appl Phys,1980,51(11):5636～5641
12 W.M.Steen. Arc augmented laser welding-process variables, structure and properties.The Joining of Metals. Spring Residential Coference, Coventry, 10-12 April 1981.
13中国机械工程学会焊接学会.焊接手册第一卷焊接方法及设备.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:3～20
14 J Paullnl, G Simon. A theoretical lower limit for laser power in laser-enhanced arc welding. Appl. Phys. 1993(26):1523～1527
15 C.Walz, T.seefeld, G.sepold. Process stability and design of seam geometry during hybrid welding, Conf:ICAEO 2001
16 K.H. Magee. Laser assisted metal arc weld characteristics, Laser Institute of America, 1991, Vol.71: 382～399
17 Abe Nobuyuki, Kunugita Yasushi, Hayashi Masakazu, Tsuchitani Yoshiaki. Laser Institute of America, Proceedings, 1997, 83(2):155～163
18 Hans Engstorm et al. Laser hybrid welding of high strength steels, Conf:ICAEO 2001
19陈建.复合焊接技术的发展.焊接.1994(9):2～6
20朱轶峰,董春林.激光电弧复合焊接技术.航空制造技术,2002(9):32～34
21刘继常,李力钧.激光复合焊接的探讨.焊接技术,2000(8):30～32
22胡绳荪,张绍彬,赵家瑞.电弧强化激光焊,焊接学报1993 14(3): 159～163
23 T.Shida, Hirokawa Masatoshi, Sato Shoichi. CO2 laser welding of aluminum alloys-welding of aluminum alloys using CO2 laser beam in combination with MIG arc Welding Research Abroad, 1997, ( 43) 5: 36～41
24牧野吉延,椎原克典,浅井知.溶接学会志,2001,70(4):18～22
25 Tishide,M.Nayama.Coaxial TIG-YAG&MIG-YAG welding methods.Welding International.2001,15(12):940～945
26 J.Biffin, R.Walduck, Plasma Arc Augmented Laser Welding(PLAW).Proc.Eurojoin,1994:295～304
27陈俐,董春林,吕高尚. YAG/MAG激光电弧复合焊工艺研究.焊接技术.2004,33(40):21～23
28董春林,陈俐,吕高尚.不锈钢YAG-MAG激光电弧复合焊接工艺.航空制造技术. 2005(3):68～71
29樊丁,中田一博,牛尾城夫.激光与脉冲MIG复合焊接试验研究. 2002(2):169～171
30 J.P. Coelho, M.A. Abreu. High-speed laser welding of plastic films. Optics and Lasers in Engineering.2000, 385～395
31 S. Palanco, M. Klassen. Spectroscopic diagnostics on CW-laser welding plasmas of aluminum alloys. Spectrochimica Acta Part B. 2001,651～659
32 C.W. Tan, Y.C. Chan. Characterization of Kovar-to-Kovar laser welded joints and its mechanical strength. 2005, 151～162
33藤文华.激光-电弧复合焊接在汽车制造中的应用.电焊机. 2004(6):9～11
34吕德林,李砚珠,焊接金相分析,机械工业出版社,1987
35崔忠沂.金属学与热处理.哈尔滨工业大学,1995.10
36徐州,赵连城.金属固态相变原理.科学出版社,2004.3
37冶金工业部钢铁研究总院.合金钢手册(上册).冶金工业出版社,1984.9
38徐祖耀.马氏体相变与马氏体.科学出版社,1980.3
39徐祖耀.相变原理.北京:科学出版社,1988
40 Gang Song, Liming Liu, Peichong Wang. Overlap welding of magnesium AZ31B sheets using laser-arc hybrid process. Materials Science and Engineering A 429 (2006) 312–319
41金相图谱编写组.金相图谱.水利电力出版社. 1986.4
42 B. Hu, I.M. Richardson. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075(T6) hybrid laser/GMA welds. Materials Science and Engineering A 459 (2007) 94–100
43 Liming Liu, Gang Song, Guoli Liang, Jifeng Wang. Pore formation during hybrid laser-tungsten inert gas arc welding of magnesium alloy AZ31B—mechanism and remedy. Materials Science and Engineering A 390 (2005) 76–80
44 Liu Liming, Wang Jifeng, Song Gang. Hybrid laser–TIG welding, laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A 381 (2004) 129–133