碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
碳纳米管具有独特的微观结构,极大的长径比和比表面积,优异的力学性能与导电性能,与聚合物复合可开发出许多新型复合材料。
本文以环氧树脂为基体,碳纳米管为增强体,用真空浇铸法制备了碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。研究碳纳米管添加量、分散方式、表面活性剂添加以及碳纳米管镀银处理对制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的力学性能及电学性能的影响,用电化学测试仪和电子万能实验机等仪器对材料的性能进行了测试,用TEM、SEM等对复合材料结构进行了表征。结果表明:
1.采用超声波分散及真空浇铸成型法制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料具有较好的力学性能和电学性能。
2.适量碳纳米管的加入有效提高环氧树脂复合材料的力学和电学性能,体系出现两个渗流阀值,分别在碳纳米管含量约为0.3wt%和1.1wt%时。
3.当碳纳米管含量为0.75wt.%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了18.3%、20.5%和92.8%。
4.对碳纳米管用表面活性剂进行处理后,能更好地提高碳纳米管在复合材料中的分散性,从而提高复合材料的力学和电学性能,体系出现两个渗流阀值,分别是表面活性剂的含量约为碳纳米管含量的0.5倍和3倍时。当表面活性剂的添加量是碳纳米管的3倍时,复合材料的力学性能最好,相对于添加未表面处理的碳纳米管制备的复合材料,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了21.66%、26.86%和41.05%。
5.增塑剂能使复合材料的力学性能下降,随着增塑剂含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量都逐渐下降,断裂伸长率逐渐增加。合适含量的增塑剂能有效提高复合材料的电性能,体系中的两个渗流阀值为增塑剂含量约为2.5wt%和7wt%时。
6.比较不同方法制备银粉改性的碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,结果表明银粉的加入能提高复合材料的综合性能,尤其是化学镀银方法能使银粉更均匀包覆在碳纳米管上,提高了碳纳米管的分散性以及复合材料的综合性能。体系的两个渗流阀值分别出现在银粉的含量约为17.5wt%和30wt%时。当银粉的添加量为25wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最好,相对于只添加碳纳米管而言,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了35.11%、36.21%和19.95%。
Carbon nanotubes have a unique microstructure,very high aspect ratio and specific surface area,excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.Carbon nanotubes are considered as ideal reinforcement for the novel composites with polymer.
In this paper,carbon nanotubes/epoxide resin composites were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and vacuum casting with carbon nanotubes as reinforcements and epoxy as matrix.The effects of carbon nanotubes'content and surfactant content on mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites were studied.To improve the properties of the composites,silver were coated on CNTs by different methods.The mechanical properties and the relationship between microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated by TEM,SEM, electrochemical station and electronic tensile testing machine.According to the research results,the following conclusions were obtained.
1. Carbon nanotubes/epoxide resin composites were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and vacuum casting.The properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites using this method can be improved obviously.
2. Proper carbon nanotubes content can improve the properties of composites effectively. The percolation threshold values for electrical characteristic transformation can be resulted when CNTs content were about 0.3wt% and 1.1 wt%.
3. When the content of carbon nanotubes was 0.75wt%,the mechanical properties of composites was the best.The tensile strength,tensile modulus and ratio of elongation of composites increase 18.3%,20.5% and 92.8% respectively.
4. Carbon nanotubes treating by surfactant can improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the composites,and then enchance the mechanical and electrical properties of composites. The percolation threshold values for electrical characteristic transformation can be defined when the surfactant were about 0.5 times and 3 times of CNTs. When the content of surfactant is 3 times of carbon nanotube,the mechanical properties of composites was the best.The tensile strength,tensile modulus and ratio of elongation of composites increase 21.66%,26.86% and 41.05 % respectively.
5. Plasticizers would decrease the mechanical of composites.With the plasticizers increase,the tensile strength and tensile modulus of composites dropped,the ratio of elongation of composites increased gradually.Proper content of plasticizers can effectively improve the conductivity of composites.When the content of plasticizer were about 2.5wt% and 7wt%,the percolation threshold values can be resulted.
6. To increase the properties of the composites,silver were coated on the CNTs by different methods.It can be found that covering silver to CNTs can enhance properties of composites.Especially,silver can be dispersed more uniformly over the CNTs by chemical treatent,and resulting better properties of the composites.The percolation threshold values for electrical characteristic transformation can be produced when the silver content were about 17.5wt% and 30wt% respectively.When silver content is 25wt%,the mechanical properties of composites was the best.The tensile strength,tensile modulus and ratio of elongation of composites increased 35.11%, 36.21% and 19.95% respectively.
本文以环氧树脂为基体,碳纳米管为增强体,用真空浇铸法制备了碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。研究碳纳米管添加量、分散方式、表面活性剂添加以及碳纳米管镀银处理对制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的力学性能及电学性能的影响,用电化学测试仪和电子万能实验机等仪器对材料的性能进行了测试,用TEM、SEM等对复合材料结构进行了表征。结果表明:
1.采用超声波分散及真空浇铸成型法制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料具有较好的力学性能和电学性能。
2.适量碳纳米管的加入有效提高环氧树脂复合材料的力学和电学性能,体系出现两个渗流阀值,分别在碳纳米管含量约为0.3wt%和1.1wt%时。
3.当碳纳米管含量为0.75wt.%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了18.3%、20.5%和92.8%。
4.对碳纳米管用表面活性剂进行处理后,能更好地提高碳纳米管在复合材料中的分散性,从而提高复合材料的力学和电学性能,体系出现两个渗流阀值,分别是表面活性剂的含量约为碳纳米管含量的0.5倍和3倍时。当表面活性剂的添加量是碳纳米管的3倍时,复合材料的力学性能最好,相对于添加未表面处理的碳纳米管制备的复合材料,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了21.66%、26.86%和41.05%。
5.增塑剂能使复合材料的力学性能下降,随着增塑剂含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量都逐渐下降,断裂伸长率逐渐增加。合适含量的增塑剂能有效提高复合材料的电性能,体系中的两个渗流阀值为增塑剂含量约为2.5wt%和7wt%时。
6.比较不同方法制备银粉改性的碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,结果表明银粉的加入能提高复合材料的综合性能,尤其是化学镀银方法能使银粉更均匀包覆在碳纳米管上,提高了碳纳米管的分散性以及复合材料的综合性能。体系的两个渗流阀值分别出现在银粉的含量约为17.5wt%和30wt%时。当银粉的添加量为25wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最好,相对于只添加碳纳米管而言,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率分别提高了35.11%、36.21%和19.95%。
Carbon nanotubes have a unique microstructure,very high aspect ratio and specific surface area,excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.Carbon nanotubes are considered as ideal reinforcement for the novel composites with polymer.
In this paper,carbon nanotubes/epoxide resin composites were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and vacuum casting with carbon nanotubes as reinforcements and epoxy as matrix.The effects of carbon nanotubes'content and surfactant content on mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites were studied.To improve the properties of the composites,silver were coated on CNTs by different methods.The mechanical properties and the relationship between microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated by TEM,SEM, electrochemical station and electronic tensile testing machine.According to the research results,the following conclusions were obtained.
1. Carbon nanotubes/epoxide resin composites were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and vacuum casting.The properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites using this method can be improved obviously.
2. Proper carbon nanotubes content can improve the properties of composites effectively. The percolation threshold values for electrical characteristic transformation can be resulted when CNTs content were about 0.3wt% and 1.1 wt%.
3. When the content of carbon nanotubes was 0.75wt%,the mechanical properties of composites was the best.The tensile strength,tensile modulus and ratio of elongation of composites increase 18.3%,20.5% and 92.8% respectively.
4. Carbon nanotubes treating by surfactant can improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the composites,and then enchance the mechanical and electrical properties of composites. The percolation threshold values for electrical characteristic transformation can be defined when the surfactant were about 0.5 times and 3 times of CNTs. When the content of surfactant is 3 times of carbon nanotube,the mechanical properties of composites was the best.The tensile strength,tensile modulus and ratio of elongation of composites increase 21.66%,26.86% and 41.05 % respectively.
5. Plasticizers would decrease the mechanical of composites.With the plasticizers increase,the tensile strength and tensile modulus of composites dropped,the ratio of elongation of composites increased gradually.Proper content of plasticizers can effectively improve the conductivity of composites.When the content of plasticizer were about 2.5wt% and 7wt%,the percolation threshold values can be resulted.
6. To increase the properties of the composites,silver were coated on the CNTs by different methods.It can be found that covering silver to CNTs can enhance properties of composites.Especially,silver can be dispersed more uniformly over the CNTs by chemical treatent,and resulting better properties of the composites.The percolation threshold values for electrical characteristic transformation can be produced when the silver content were about 17.5wt% and 30wt% respectively.When silver content is 25wt%,the mechanical properties of composites was the best.The tensile strength,tensile modulus and ratio of elongation of composites increased 35.11%, 36.21% and 19.95% respectively.
引文
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