肉用仔鹅生长后期部分激素含量的变化及其与生产性能关系的研究
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摘要
本研究以新培育的扬州鹅为试验素材，我省的太湖鹅为对照，测定了肉用仔
鹅生长后期血浆中部分与生长有关的激素含量及变化情况，探讨了激素与生长、
采食量、屠体性状之间的关系以及作为早期选择指标的参考依据。结果表明：
1.扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期GH含量的变化情况为6～8周快速下降，8～10周趋
于平稳；6周龄含量显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0.05），8、10周龄与太湖鹅差异不显
著；扬州鹅6周龄含量母鹅显著高于公鹅（P＜0.05），8、10周龄公母差异不显
著；两者10周龄GH分泌曲线基线水平和峰值差异不显著。扬州鹅胰岛素含量
的变化情况为6～8周趋于平稳，8～10周快速下降；6、8周龄含量显著高于太
湖鹅（P＜0.05），10周龄与太湖鹅差异不显著；扬州鹅6、8、10周龄含量公鹅
均高于母鹅，6周龄差异未达显著，8周龄公鹅显著高于母鹅（P＜0.05），
10周龄公鹅极显著高于母鹅（P＜0.01）。扬州鹅T_3含量的变化情况为6～8周上
升，8～10周下降；各周龄含量均高于太湖鹅，但差异未达显著；扬州鹅公母之
间差异不显著。
2.扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期各周龄体重均显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0.05），日增重均
高于太湖鹅。GH含量与体重、日增重的相关关系不明显；扬州鹅6、8、10周
龄胰岛素水平均与9周龄日增重显著正相关（P＜0.05），提示了胰岛素作为肉用
仔鹅早期生长性能选择指标的可能性；扬州鹅8、10周龄T_3水平与对应周龄日
增重显著正相关（P＜0.05）。
3．扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期各周龄采食量均显著或极显著大于太湖鹅（P＜0刀5或
P＜0刀二）。扬州鹅胰岛素含量与对应周龄采食量显著正相关（P＜0刀5），与以下
各周龄采食量显著或极显著正相关0＜0刀5或P＜0．01）；6、8周龄乃含量与
6周龄采食干物质量显著正相关（P＜0刀5），其余与对应周龄采食量呈弱正相关；
GH含量与采食量之间相关关系不明显。
4．扬州鹅10周龄各屠体性状指标均显著或极显著高于太湖鹅0＜0刀5或P＜
001），部分屠宰性能指标显著或极显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0刀5或P＜0刀1）。扬州
鹅肌肉脂肪含量显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0刀5），肌肉干物质含量、蛋白质含量与太
湖鹅基本无差异。扬州鹅6周龄胰岛素含量与10周龄的屠体重、半净膛重、全
净膛重、腿肌重显著正相关（P＜0刀5），提示了血浆激素指标进行肉用仔鹅早期
估测与其相关屠体性状的可能性。
5．扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期各周龄采食量与体重、日增重有不同程度的正相关。
6．试验中建立的鹅趾底内侧静脉连续采血血瘦管方法为禽类提供了一种更为快
速、易行、安全的体表连续采血方法。
The developmental changes of serum levels of growth hormone(GH), thyroid(T3) and
insulin and relations with growth, food intake and carcass character were studied in the
laster period of the broiler-stain Yangzhou Goose in comparison with Taihu Goose. The
results indicated that:
1. The developmental changes of serum levels of GH in the laster period of broiler-stain
Yangzhou Goose was: quickly decreased from 6 to 8 weeks of age, then kept steady
from 8 to 10 weeks of age; the serum level of Gl-I of Yangzhou Goose was higher
than Taihu Goose at 6 weeks of age(P 0.05); the level of male goose was higher
than female at 6 weeks of age(P < 0.05). The developmental changes of serum levels
of insulin in the laster period of broiler-stain Yangzhou Goose was: kept steady from
6 to 8 weeks of age, then quickly decreased from 8 to 10 weeks of age; the serum
level of insulin of Yarigzhou Goose was higher than Taihu Goose at 6, 8 weeks of
age(P < 0.05); the level of male goose was higher than female at 8 (P < 0.05) and 10
weeks of age(P < 0.01). The developmental changes of serum levels ofT3 in the laster
period of broiler-stain Yangzhou Goose was: increased from 6 to 8 weeks of age,
decreased from 8 to 10 weeks of age.
2. The body weight of every weeks of age of Yangzhou Goose in the experimental
period was higher than Taihu Goose(P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain also
higher than Taihu Goose. The serum levels of insulin at 6, 8, 10 weeks of age of
Yangzhou Goose positive significant influenced the average daily weight gain of 9
weeks of age(P < 0.05), so it may be used as the marker for early selection. There
were positive significant influence between T3 and average daily weigh at 8, 10
weeks of age(P < 0.05).
3
3. The food intake of every weeks of age of Yangzhou Goose in the experimental period
was more than Taihu Goose(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum levels of inslin had
positive significant influence on the food intake(P < 0.05). There were positive
significant influence between the serum levels ofT3 at 6, 8 weeks of age and the food
intake(P < 0.05).
4. The every carcass character of Yangzhou Goose was better than Taihu Goose(P <
0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum level of insulin at 6 weeks of age had positive
significant influence on carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight
and the leg-musle weight(P < 0.05).
5. There were positive significant influence between food intake and body weight, the
average daily weight gain(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).
鹅生长后期血浆中部分与生长有关的激素含量及变化情况，探讨了激素与生长、
采食量、屠体性状之间的关系以及作为早期选择指标的参考依据。结果表明：
1.扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期GH含量的变化情况为6～8周快速下降，8～10周趋
于平稳；6周龄含量显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0.05），8、10周龄与太湖鹅差异不显
著；扬州鹅6周龄含量母鹅显著高于公鹅（P＜0.05），8、10周龄公母差异不显
著；两者10周龄GH分泌曲线基线水平和峰值差异不显著。扬州鹅胰岛素含量
的变化情况为6～8周趋于平稳，8～10周快速下降；6、8周龄含量显著高于太
湖鹅（P＜0.05），10周龄与太湖鹅差异不显著；扬州鹅6、8、10周龄含量公鹅
均高于母鹅，6周龄差异未达显著，8周龄公鹅显著高于母鹅（P＜0.05），
10周龄公鹅极显著高于母鹅（P＜0.01）。扬州鹅T_3含量的变化情况为6～8周上
升，8～10周下降；各周龄含量均高于太湖鹅，但差异未达显著；扬州鹅公母之
间差异不显著。
2.扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期各周龄体重均显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0.05），日增重均
高于太湖鹅。GH含量与体重、日增重的相关关系不明显；扬州鹅6、8、10周
龄胰岛素水平均与9周龄日增重显著正相关（P＜0.05），提示了胰岛素作为肉用
仔鹅早期生长性能选择指标的可能性；扬州鹅8、10周龄T_3水平与对应周龄日
增重显著正相关（P＜0.05）。
3．扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期各周龄采食量均显著或极显著大于太湖鹅（P＜0刀5或
P＜0刀二）。扬州鹅胰岛素含量与对应周龄采食量显著正相关（P＜0刀5），与以下
各周龄采食量显著或极显著正相关0＜0刀5或P＜0．01）；6、8周龄乃含量与
6周龄采食干物质量显著正相关（P＜0刀5），其余与对应周龄采食量呈弱正相关；
GH含量与采食量之间相关关系不明显。
4．扬州鹅10周龄各屠体性状指标均显著或极显著高于太湖鹅0＜0刀5或P＜
001），部分屠宰性能指标显著或极显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0刀5或P＜0刀1）。扬州
鹅肌肉脂肪含量显著高于太湖鹅（P＜0刀5），肌肉干物质含量、蛋白质含量与太
湖鹅基本无差异。扬州鹅6周龄胰岛素含量与10周龄的屠体重、半净膛重、全
净膛重、腿肌重显著正相关（P＜0刀5），提示了血浆激素指标进行肉用仔鹅早期
估测与其相关屠体性状的可能性。
5．扬州鹅肉用仔鹅生长后期各周龄采食量与体重、日增重有不同程度的正相关。
6．试验中建立的鹅趾底内侧静脉连续采血血瘦管方法为禽类提供了一种更为快
速、易行、安全的体表连续采血方法。
The developmental changes of serum levels of growth hormone(GH), thyroid(T3) and
insulin and relations with growth, food intake and carcass character were studied in the
laster period of the broiler-stain Yangzhou Goose in comparison with Taihu Goose. The
results indicated that:
1. The developmental changes of serum levels of GH in the laster period of broiler-stain
Yangzhou Goose was: quickly decreased from 6 to 8 weeks of age, then kept steady
from 8 to 10 weeks of age; the serum level of Gl-I of Yangzhou Goose was higher
than Taihu Goose at 6 weeks of age(P 0.05); the level of male goose was higher
than female at 6 weeks of age(P < 0.05). The developmental changes of serum levels
of insulin in the laster period of broiler-stain Yangzhou Goose was: kept steady from
6 to 8 weeks of age, then quickly decreased from 8 to 10 weeks of age; the serum
level of insulin of Yarigzhou Goose was higher than Taihu Goose at 6, 8 weeks of
age(P < 0.05); the level of male goose was higher than female at 8 (P < 0.05) and 10
weeks of age(P < 0.01). The developmental changes of serum levels ofT3 in the laster
period of broiler-stain Yangzhou Goose was: increased from 6 to 8 weeks of age,
decreased from 8 to 10 weeks of age.
2. The body weight of every weeks of age of Yangzhou Goose in the experimental
period was higher than Taihu Goose(P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain also
higher than Taihu Goose. The serum levels of insulin at 6, 8, 10 weeks of age of
Yangzhou Goose positive significant influenced the average daily weight gain of 9
weeks of age(P < 0.05), so it may be used as the marker for early selection. There
were positive significant influence between T3 and average daily weigh at 8, 10
weeks of age(P < 0.05).
3
3. The food intake of every weeks of age of Yangzhou Goose in the experimental period
was more than Taihu Goose(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum levels of inslin had
positive significant influence on the food intake(P < 0.05). There were positive
significant influence between the serum levels ofT3 at 6, 8 weeks of age and the food
intake(P < 0.05).
4. The every carcass character of Yangzhou Goose was better than Taihu Goose(P <
0.05 or P < 0.01). The serum level of insulin at 6 weeks of age had positive
significant influence on carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight
and the leg-musle weight(P < 0.05).
5. There were positive significant influence between food intake and body weight, the
average daily weight gain(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).
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65．段修军．隆昌鹅、太湖鹅遗传多样性与群体遗传结构研究．扬州大学硕士论文，1998
66．毛国祥．新太湖鹅培育中若干问题的研究．扬州大学硕论文，1999
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61．骆国胜等．四川白鹅与四季母鹅杂交效果的测定．养禽与禽病防治，1998 (4)：7～8
62．赵万里等．隆昌鹅和以其为母本的杂交后代的产肉及产肝性能．中国家禽，1994 (5)：21～23
63．赵万里等．朗德鹅和(朗德×太湖)鹅的产肝性能研究．第六次全国家禽学术讨论会论文集，1993
64．吴译夫等．太湖鹅血清转铁蛋白类型的测定．中国畜牧杂志，1989，25 (1)：26～27
65．段修军．隆昌鹅、太湖鹅遗传多样性与群体遗传结构研究．扬州大学硕士论文，1998
66．毛国祥．新太湖鹅培育中若干问题的研究．扬州大学硕论文，1999
67．高波．新太湖鹅不同世代肉用性能改进效果及RAPD和酶活性分析．扬州大学硕士论文，2000
68．郝家胜等．第八次全国动物遗传育种学术讲座会论文集．1995，106～109
69．刘维德，朱汉春等．四川白鹅仔鹅补饲配方的研究．四川畜牧兽医，1993 (12)：26～28
70．曹光辛，丁晓明等．四季鹅仔鹅精料配合和饲养技术．中国家禽，1997 (9)：13～15
71．唐玉华，韩燕．农村条件下种草养鹅配套技术观察试验．四川畜牧兽医，1996 (3)：16～17
72．曹霄．鹅的养殖及加工．江苏科学技术出版社，1992
73．E N Bergman．反刍家畜的代谢生理．南京农业大学家畜生理研究室译，1989
74．赵如茜，韩正康．全国动物生理生化第三次学术会议论文摘要汇编，1990：118～119
75．朱晓华，王志跃等．禽趾底内侧静脉连续采血血瘘管技术．中国家禽，2001 (7)：12～13
76. Lauterio T J and C G Scanes. Effect of age and protein restriction on the clearance
and secretion of growth hormone in the domestic fowl. Porltry Sci,1988,67:120-125
77． Harvey S, Scanes C G. Plasma growth hormone concentrations in growth-retarded cortisone treated chickens. Br Poult Sci,1979,20:331-335
78． Mccann-Levorse, S V Radecki and J Donnoghue, et al. Ontogeny if pituitary growth hormone and growth hormone mRNA in the chicken. P S E B M, 1 993,202: 109-113
79． Harvey S. Benzodiazepine antagonism of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptors:biphasic actions on growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl. J Endocrinology,1993,137:35-42
80． Kuhn E R, Decuypere E, Colen L M and Michels H. Posthatch growth and development of a circadian rhythm for thyroid hormones in chicks incubated at different temperatures. Poultry Sci,1982,6 1:540-549
81． Decuypere E, Buyse J, Rabimi G, Zeman M. Comparative study of endocrinological parameters in the genetic lines of broilers:an overview. Archiv Fur Geflugel-kunde, Celle, Germany,1995,P6-8
82． Spencer G S G, Hallett K G and Fedlalla A M. A novel approach to growth promotion using auto-immunization against somatostatin Ⅱ :effects in a commercial breed of sheep. Livestock Prod Sci,1985,13:43-52
83． Radecki S V, Scands C G. The hypothalamo-pituitary growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axisxoupling and uncoupling, Penvsectives In Avian Endocrinology (Eds S, Harvey and R J Etches. J Endocrionology Ltd Bristol), 1997,P119-130
84． L A cogburn, J N C Mao and J Burnside. The growth hormone receptor in growth and development in perspectives in avian endocrinology. Eds S Harvey & R J Etches Journal of Endocrinology 1td Bristol, 1997, 101
85． Kauffman R G et al. Biochemical properties of pork and their relationship to quality intramascular fat. J Fd Sci,29:70-74
86． Berry B W et al. Constant time vs constant temperature cooking of beef loin stenks as influence by marekling characteristics and intra-muscle for contant. J Anim Sci,1981,52(5) :1034-1040