扬州鹅对日粮纤维消化利用的研究
摘要
本研究以新培育的扬州鹅为试验素材，比较了三种不同日粮条件下切盲肠组与未切盲肠组对纤维成分的代谢率，以及日粮纤维成分的变化对其他营养物质代谢率的影响，并选用五组不同苜蓿草粉添加日粮进行了鹅的早期饲养试验。研究结果表明：
1．在基础日粮条件下，鹅对中性洗涤纤维(NDF)代谢率为63.91％，分别比15％苜蓿草粉日粮与15％大米草粉日粮高17.76和28.19个百分点，三者的差异显著(P＜0.05)，且基础日粮与15％大米草粉的差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；而切盲肠鹅三组日粮NDF的代谢率分别比未切盲肠鹅低12.84、6.67和8.13个百分点，切盲肠组不同日粮之间的差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。
2．酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在三种不同日粮条件下的代谢率为15.61％、10.55％和9.57％，15％苜蓿草粉与15％大米草粉日粮之间的差异不显著(P＞0.05)，但与基础日粮相比，均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)；切盲肠鹅对ADF的代谢率分别比未切盲肠鹅低14.49、10.06和8.86个百分点，且不同日粮之间的差异不显著(P＞0.05)。说明鹅的盲肠对酸性洗涤纤维有一定程度的降解率。
3．鹅对半纤维素的代谢率基础日粮为79.55％，基础日粮比15％苜蓿草粉和15％大米草粉日粮分别提高12.76和20.48个百分点，且三者比较均达到显著水平，基础日粮与15％大米草粉组差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；切盲肠组基础日粮对半纤维素的代谢率为67.24％，比未切盲肠鹅低12.31个百分点，差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05)，而15％苜蓿草粉和15％大米草粉日粮分别比未切盲肠鹅低4.71和7.49个百分点，但差异均不显著(P＞0.05)，切盲肠组之间，基础日粮与15％苜蓿草粉
日粮之间的差异不显著(P>0.05)，但与巧%大米草粉日粮之间均达到显著水平(P
<0.05)。表明鹅对半纤维素具有较高的利用率，但主要降解部位并不在盲肠。
4.在基础日粮条件下，鹅对粗蛋白质、钙、磷的代谢率分别为50.45%、49.17%、
38.88%，且在三种不同日粮条件下，鹅对粗蛋白质、钙、磷和氨基酸的代谢率均
表现相同的趋势，即:基础日粮>巧%首蓓草粉日粮>15%大米草粉日粮;未切盲
肠在不同日粮条件下均要略高于切盲肠鹅，但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
5.10%首楷草粉日粮组早期饲养试验的效果要优于其他各组，第5周末的体重达
1470克，成活率达96%，料肉比为1.86。
An experiment is conducted with Yangzhou goose to determine and compare the metabolic rate of the fibre of three kinds of feedstuffs between intact and caecectomized geese and the effects of the metabolic rate of the other nutrituous substance by the change of the fibre component, and an early feeding experiment of Yangzhou goose is carried out with five different alfalfa added rations. The research results are as follows: 1.The metabolic rate of NDF of the basal diet is 63.91%, which is 17.76% and 28.19% higher than 15% alfalfa and 15% spartina grass meals, and the different between the basal diet and 15% spartina grass meals reachs extremely significant.The metabolic rate of NDF of caecectomized geese to three kinds of diets is respectively 12.84%,6.67%, 8.13% lower than the intact geese, and the differences among three diets of the caecectomized geese are extremely significant.
2.The metabolic rates of ADF in three different diet, are 15.61%,10.55% and 9.57%.The difference between the diet added 15% alfalfa and 15% spartina is not significant. But compared with the basal diet, the variance is at the significant level. The metabolic rate of ADF in caecectomized is lower than those intact geese, but the difference in three diets is not significant (P > 0.05).This indicates that the caecum of the geese can ferment some of the ADF.
3.The metabolic rate of hemicellulouse in basal diet is 79.55%, higher than those added 15% alfalfa and spartina diets. The compared results illustrates that the difference of the metablic rate of hemicellulouse in the three diets is at the significant level, and the difference between basal diet and 15% alfalfa gets to extremely significant.The
metabolic rate of the caecectomized in basal diet is 67.24%, 12.31% lower than those intact geese (P < 0.05), com pared with the intact geese, those caecectomized geese' s metabolic rate of the high fibre diets is 4.17% and 7.49% lower than intact one (P > 0.05). In the group of the caecectomized geese, the different of the metabolic rate of the hemicellulouse of the basal diet and 15% added alfalfa diet is not significant, but compared with 15% spartina diet, the difference is significant (P < 0.05). This indicates that the geese can make good use of the hemicellulouse, and the points of the degradation of the hemicellulouse are not the intestinum caecum. 4.The metabolic rate of crude protein, Ca, P is 50.45%, 49.17%, 38.88%, when the geese are fed with basal diet. The same tendency can be found in the different diet: basal diet > 15% alfalfa diet > 15% spartina. The metabolic rate of these nutrients in the intact geese is much higher than those caecectomized geese, but the difference is not significant.
5. In the early feeding experiment, those geese fed with 10% alfalfa added diet grow better than the other diets. At the end of 5 weeks, the average weight of the geese can reach 1470 grams, the survival probability arriving at 96%, and feed conversion ratios were 1.86.
1．在基础日粮条件下，鹅对中性洗涤纤维(NDF)代谢率为63.91％，分别比15％苜蓿草粉日粮与15％大米草粉日粮高17.76和28.19个百分点，三者的差异显著(P＜0.05)，且基础日粮与15％大米草粉的差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；而切盲肠鹅三组日粮NDF的代谢率分别比未切盲肠鹅低12.84、6.67和8.13个百分点，切盲肠组不同日粮之间的差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。
2．酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在三种不同日粮条件下的代谢率为15.61％、10.55％和9.57％，15％苜蓿草粉与15％大米草粉日粮之间的差异不显著(P＞0.05)，但与基础日粮相比，均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)；切盲肠鹅对ADF的代谢率分别比未切盲肠鹅低14.49、10.06和8.86个百分点，且不同日粮之间的差异不显著(P＞0.05)。说明鹅的盲肠对酸性洗涤纤维有一定程度的降解率。
3．鹅对半纤维素的代谢率基础日粮为79.55％，基础日粮比15％苜蓿草粉和15％大米草粉日粮分别提高12.76和20.48个百分点，且三者比较均达到显著水平，基础日粮与15％大米草粉组差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；切盲肠组基础日粮对半纤维素的代谢率为67.24％，比未切盲肠鹅低12.31个百分点，差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05)，而15％苜蓿草粉和15％大米草粉日粮分别比未切盲肠鹅低4.71和7.49个百分点，但差异均不显著(P＞0.05)，切盲肠组之间，基础日粮与15％苜蓿草粉
日粮之间的差异不显著(P>0.05)，但与巧%大米草粉日粮之间均达到显著水平(P
<0.05)。表明鹅对半纤维素具有较高的利用率，但主要降解部位并不在盲肠。
4.在基础日粮条件下，鹅对粗蛋白质、钙、磷的代谢率分别为50.45%、49.17%、
38.88%，且在三种不同日粮条件下，鹅对粗蛋白质、钙、磷和氨基酸的代谢率均
表现相同的趋势，即:基础日粮>巧%首蓓草粉日粮>15%大米草粉日粮;未切盲
肠在不同日粮条件下均要略高于切盲肠鹅，但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
5.10%首楷草粉日粮组早期饲养试验的效果要优于其他各组，第5周末的体重达
1470克，成活率达96%，料肉比为1.86。
An experiment is conducted with Yangzhou goose to determine and compare the metabolic rate of the fibre of three kinds of feedstuffs between intact and caecectomized geese and the effects of the metabolic rate of the other nutrituous substance by the change of the fibre component, and an early feeding experiment of Yangzhou goose is carried out with five different alfalfa added rations. The research results are as follows: 1.The metabolic rate of NDF of the basal diet is 63.91%, which is 17.76% and 28.19% higher than 15% alfalfa and 15% spartina grass meals, and the different between the basal diet and 15% spartina grass meals reachs extremely significant.The metabolic rate of NDF of caecectomized geese to three kinds of diets is respectively 12.84%,6.67%, 8.13% lower than the intact geese, and the differences among three diets of the caecectomized geese are extremely significant.
2.The metabolic rates of ADF in three different diet, are 15.61%,10.55% and 9.57%.The difference between the diet added 15% alfalfa and 15% spartina is not significant. But compared with the basal diet, the variance is at the significant level. The metabolic rate of ADF in caecectomized is lower than those intact geese, but the difference in three diets is not significant (P > 0.05).This indicates that the caecum of the geese can ferment some of the ADF.
3.The metabolic rate of hemicellulouse in basal diet is 79.55%, higher than those added 15% alfalfa and spartina diets. The compared results illustrates that the difference of the metablic rate of hemicellulouse in the three diets is at the significant level, and the difference between basal diet and 15% alfalfa gets to extremely significant.The
metabolic rate of the caecectomized in basal diet is 67.24%, 12.31% lower than those intact geese (P < 0.05), com pared with the intact geese, those caecectomized geese' s metabolic rate of the high fibre diets is 4.17% and 7.49% lower than intact one (P > 0.05). In the group of the caecectomized geese, the different of the metabolic rate of the hemicellulouse of the basal diet and 15% added alfalfa diet is not significant, but compared with 15% spartina diet, the difference is significant (P < 0.05). This indicates that the geese can make good use of the hemicellulouse, and the points of the degradation of the hemicellulouse are not the intestinum caecum. 4.The metabolic rate of crude protein, Ca, P is 50.45%, 49.17%, 38.88%, when the geese are fed with basal diet. The same tendency can be found in the different diet: basal diet > 15% alfalfa diet > 15% spartina. The metabolic rate of these nutrients in the intact geese is much higher than those caecectomized geese, but the difference is not significant.
5. In the early feeding experiment, those geese fed with 10% alfalfa added diet grow better than the other diets. At the end of 5 weeks, the average weight of the geese can reach 1470 grams, the survival probability arriving at 96%, and feed conversion ratios were 1.86.
引文
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[3]Salah H.M.Esmail.Fibre nutrition.Poultry International,July 1997,31-34
[4]Marriot,R.W. Australial Journal of zoology, 1970.18:257
[5]Maureen L.Storey.Poultry Science. 1982,vol 61,739-745
[6]Anrigne.G.R(1982).CAB:Nutritive value of pasture for geese
[7]Carre,B.,Prevotel,J.M and Leclercq,B 1984 cell wall content as a predict of metabolizable energy value of poultry feedingstuffs.British Poultry Science 25:56 1-572
[8]Antonion,T.C and R.R.Marquardt and P.E.Cansfield 1989 Isolation Partial chara cterization antinutrition activity of a factor(pentosans) in rye grain.J.Agri.Food. chem.29:1240-1247
[9]Duke,G.E.,E.Eceleston et al 1984 Cellulose digestion by domestic turkeys fed low or high fiber diets.J.Nutr. 114:95-102
[10]Bedbury, H.P and G.E.Duke.1983,Cecal microflora of turkeys fed low or high fiber diets: enumeration, identification and determination of cellulolytic activity. Poultry Sci 62:675-682
[11]Moss,R and I.B.Trenholm 1987 Foodintake,digestibility and gut size in red grouse, British Poultry Science 28:81-89
[12]Lobin.H.B.World Poultry Science Journal Vol 276-288
[13]王恬．1985．南京农业大学畜牧系八五届硕士研究生论文
[14]Hollister.A.G(1984).Poultry Science Vol 63:532-537
[15]Coon,C.N.,K.L.Leske.,O,Adkavanichan and T.K.Cheng 1990 Effect of oligosac charide-free soybean meal on true metabolizable energy and fiber digestion in adult roosters.Poultry Sci.69:787-793
[16]张宏福．禽类盲肠生理研究进展(上)．国外畜牧科技．1992(03)：20-23
[17]Carre.B(1985) 《Recent advance in animal nutrition》 P71-86
[18]Kibe.K(1964) Japanese Journal of zootechnical science vol 26:793
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