油套管螺纹联接力学行为及粘扣失效过程研究
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摘要
油套管是石油和天然气生产的重要部件,其用量十分巨大,目前已经占石油工业用钢总量的50%左右。螺纹接头部位是整个油套管联接中最薄弱的环节,超过80%的失效事故发生于此,造成巨大的经济损失。油套管内、外螺纹的联接是空间螺旋曲面在外力作用下的复杂接触和变形过程,对于油套管螺纹联接中力学行为研究的关键就是如何精确计算螺纹联接的受力和变形分布、弄清每圈螺纹牙上的受力和变形。油套管螺纹联接时,每圈螺纹牙上的变形和受力是一个传递、积累的过程,前后螺纹牙之间的变形和受力存在一定的关联。以往的研究在建立螺纹联接的解析模型时,只考虑整体变形而没有考虑每圈螺纹牙的单独变形,使得对油套管联接螺纹牙受力分布的计算精度不高,难以进行有效的理论分析和计算。此外,粘扣现象是螺纹联接中的一种主要失效形式,但目前对粘扣失效过程的研究也不够深入。本文在对国内外相关研究进行分析归纳的基础上,对油套管螺纹拧紧和受拉联接下的力学行为进行研究,并对螺纹粘扣失效的过程进行试验研究,研究的主要内容和成果如下：
(1)针对圆柱管螺纹拧紧和受拉过程中的力学行为进行研究,推导出管体外螺纹和接箍内螺纹的轴向变形表达式,推导出圆柱管螺纹拧紧时螺纹牙齿面上的受力计算表达式,推导出圆柱管螺纹受拉联接时螺纹牙齿面上受力分布的计算公式。在此基础上结合P-110S油套管螺纹对应的圆柱管螺纹参数,分别计算了圆柱管螺纹在拧紧和受拉联接时螺纹牙接触齿面上的受力分布规律；
(2)针对圆锥管螺纹上扣过盈和受拉过程的力学行为进行研究,建立了管体外螺纹和接箍内螺纹的径向变形关系,推导出圆锥管螺纹上扣过盈时接触齿面上的接触压力表达式。通过对圆柱管螺纹受拉联接解析模型进行修正,得到圆锥管螺纹受拉联接时螺纹牙齿面上受力分布的计算公式,推导出圆锥管螺纹上扣过盈和承受轴向拉伸载荷时齿面接触压力的计算公式。结合P-110S圆锥管螺纹,分别计算了圆锥管螺纹在上扣过盈、受拉以及上扣拉伸时螺纹牙接触齿面上的受力分布规律,同时还研究了外加厚油套管和不加厚油套管的受力分布区别；
(3)以P-110S油套管螺纹接头为研究对象,采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对油套管螺纹联接进行有限元分析,分别研究了在上扣、内压、轴向载荷以及复杂工况作用下油套管螺纹联接的力学性能,得到了一系列规律性的曲线。有限元的研究结果在一定程度上证明了本文所建立的关于油套管螺纹联接的力学计算模型是合理的；
(4)结合厚壁圆筒理论,推导出计算油套管螺纹上扣时需要的拧紧力矩的计算模型,并以P-110S油套管螺纹为计算实例,对螺纹拧紧力矩计算模型进行了计算分析,将得到的拧紧力矩与有限元分析的结果以及无锡西姆莱斯公司实际操作的上扣扭矩进行比较,证明了所建立的上扣扭矩计算模型是合理的；
(5)针对牙形角误差和牙高误差进行研究,推导并建立了能够考虑牙形误差的油套管螺纹联接齿面上受力分布的计算公式,系统研究了牙形角误差和牙高误差对螺纹联接受力的影响规律；
(6)针对螺纹修齿进行研究,建立了能够考虑修齿影响的油套管联接解析力学计算模型,该模型可以实现对修齿螺纹受拉联接时的轴向载荷和齿面载荷分布进行计算,从而可以有效研究螺纹修齿的影响规律。同时还系统地研究了修齿参数、管体和接箍材料的配对、锥角大小、壁厚大小等一系列因素对螺纹联接力学行为的影响规律,为实际中修齿参数的确定、材料配对以及锥角、壁厚大小的确定提供了理论参考；
(7)设计了一台能够模拟油套管螺纹联接的试验装置,以P-110S油套管螺纹为试验研究对象,分别以几种不同的齿面接触应力进行试验研究,观察了螺纹在拧紧过程中表面形貌随着不同的加载和摩擦圈数而发生改变的过程,分析了接触应力大小对发生粘扣失效的影响规律。同时还进行了螺纹拆卸次数的试验研究,观察了螺纹齿面逐渐发生粘扣失效过程的表面形貌,得到的螺纹装拆次数与目前工业界中实际最大的装拆次数是吻合的。
本文的研究内容和成果将为油套管螺纹联接在工业中的实际应用提供有益的帮助,并可以为油套管螺纹联接力学行为的进一步研究和粘扣失效问题的进一步研究和预防提供有益的理论支撑。
In oil and natural gas industry, oil pipe is the important part and the application amount is very large. At present, it has already occupied nearly50%of the total steel in petroleum industry. More than80%of thread failures occur on the joint of threaded connection, which show the joint is the weakest point in oil tubing and casing. The connection of pin and box thread is a complicated contact and deformation process of spatial helical surface under external forces. The key point to investigate the mechanical behavior in oil pipe threaded connection is how to calculate the load and deformation distribution in threaded connection accurately and determine the load and deformation on each thread tooth as well. In oil pipe threaded connection, the load and deformation on each thread tooth is a procedure of transmission and accumulation, and the load and deformation between the former tooth and the latter tooth are closely related. In the previous analytical modeling of threaded connection, researchers usually consider the whole deformation and neglect the single deformation on each thread tooth, which leads to the inaccuracy on load distribution and could not make analysis and calculation in oil pipe threaded connection effectively. In addition, thread gluing is a main failure in threaded connection, but the researches on the failure process of gluing failure at present are still not sufficient. Based on the investigations and summaries in related literatures in the world, the mechanical behavior in oil pipe threaded connection under tightening and tension load is analyzed and the failure process of thread gluing is also observed by the experiment. The main research contents and achievements in this dissertation are described as follows:
(1) The mechanical behaviors of cylindrical pipe threaded connection in tightened and tensioned conditions are investigated respectively. The equations of axial deformation on pin and box thread are derivated and the calculating equations of load distribution on thread surface in tightened and tensioned conditions are developed. Take some parameters of P-110S oil pipe threaded connction for calculating example, the load distributions on contact surface in tightened and tensioned conditions are calculated respectively.
(2) The mechanical behavior of conic threaded connection with interference fit and tension load are investigated respectively. The equations of radial deformation on pin and box thread are established and the equation of contact pressure on contact surface with interference fit is obtained. By the modification of established cylindrical pipe threaded connection model, the equation of load distribution on conic threaded connection with tension load is derivated and the equation of contact pressure on conic threaded connection with interference fit and tension load is obtained. Take P-110S conic threaded connction for calculating example, the load distributions on contact surface in different conditions, such as intereference fit, tension load and combined loads, are calculated respectively. The difference between thicken and non-thicken threaded connection is also investigated.
(3) Take the joint of P-110S oil pipe threaded connection for research object and using the non-linear finite element software ABAQUS, the mechanical property of oil pipe threaded connection under make up, inner pressure, axial load and combined loads is analyzed and several regular curves are obtained. The results of finite element analysis to some extent verified the proposed analytical models in this dissertation.
(4) Based on the thick wall theory, the calculation model of required tightening torque is established. Take P-110S oil pipe threaded connection for calculating example, the tightening torque of oil pipe threaded connection under make up procedure is calculated. Compared the obtained tightening torques from analytical method, finite element analysis and the practical used tightening torque on Wuxi Seamless Oil Pipe Co., Ltd, the results indicate that the proposed calculation model on tightening torque in this dissertation is reasonable.
(5) Considering the existence of tooth shape error and tooth height error, the equation of load distribution includes these errors in oil pipe threaded connection is established and the influences of tooth shape error and tooth height error on load distribution are analyzed respectively.
(6) The analytical model in oil pipe threaded connection that includes the effect of tooth modification cut is established. This model can calculate the axial load and load distributions with tooth modification cut respectively. It can also be used to investigate the influence of tooth modification cut on load distribution effectively. Applying this proposed model, the influences of several factors, such as different tooth modification cut, materials of pin and box thread, taper angle and wall thickness, are also investigated, which provides the guidance for choosing parameters of tooth modification cut, material, taper angle and wall thickness.
(7) The experimental equipment that can simulate the contact of threaded connection is developed. Take P-110S oil pipe threaded connection for test example, the variation process on thread surface with different load and friction is observed and the influence of contact stress on gluing failure is investigated. Applying the practical tightening contact stress to the thread surface, the surface topography with gluing failure is observed and the maximum times of make up and disassembly is obtained. This obtained times number is identical to the practical used number in industry.
The research contents and achievements obtained in this dissertation will be helpful for the application in petroleum industry. This research will contribute to the further researches on the mechanical behavior in oil pipe threaded connection and also offers theoretical supports to the investigation and prevention of thread gluing.
(1)针对圆柱管螺纹拧紧和受拉过程中的力学行为进行研究,推导出管体外螺纹和接箍内螺纹的轴向变形表达式,推导出圆柱管螺纹拧紧时螺纹牙齿面上的受力计算表达式,推导出圆柱管螺纹受拉联接时螺纹牙齿面上受力分布的计算公式。在此基础上结合P-110S油套管螺纹对应的圆柱管螺纹参数,分别计算了圆柱管螺纹在拧紧和受拉联接时螺纹牙接触齿面上的受力分布规律；
(2)针对圆锥管螺纹上扣过盈和受拉过程的力学行为进行研究,建立了管体外螺纹和接箍内螺纹的径向变形关系,推导出圆锥管螺纹上扣过盈时接触齿面上的接触压力表达式。通过对圆柱管螺纹受拉联接解析模型进行修正,得到圆锥管螺纹受拉联接时螺纹牙齿面上受力分布的计算公式,推导出圆锥管螺纹上扣过盈和承受轴向拉伸载荷时齿面接触压力的计算公式。结合P-110S圆锥管螺纹,分别计算了圆锥管螺纹在上扣过盈、受拉以及上扣拉伸时螺纹牙接触齿面上的受力分布规律,同时还研究了外加厚油套管和不加厚油套管的受力分布区别；
(3)以P-110S油套管螺纹接头为研究对象,采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对油套管螺纹联接进行有限元分析,分别研究了在上扣、内压、轴向载荷以及复杂工况作用下油套管螺纹联接的力学性能,得到了一系列规律性的曲线。有限元的研究结果在一定程度上证明了本文所建立的关于油套管螺纹联接的力学计算模型是合理的；
(4)结合厚壁圆筒理论,推导出计算油套管螺纹上扣时需要的拧紧力矩的计算模型,并以P-110S油套管螺纹为计算实例,对螺纹拧紧力矩计算模型进行了计算分析,将得到的拧紧力矩与有限元分析的结果以及无锡西姆莱斯公司实际操作的上扣扭矩进行比较,证明了所建立的上扣扭矩计算模型是合理的；
(5)针对牙形角误差和牙高误差进行研究,推导并建立了能够考虑牙形误差的油套管螺纹联接齿面上受力分布的计算公式,系统研究了牙形角误差和牙高误差对螺纹联接受力的影响规律；
(6)针对螺纹修齿进行研究,建立了能够考虑修齿影响的油套管联接解析力学计算模型,该模型可以实现对修齿螺纹受拉联接时的轴向载荷和齿面载荷分布进行计算,从而可以有效研究螺纹修齿的影响规律。同时还系统地研究了修齿参数、管体和接箍材料的配对、锥角大小、壁厚大小等一系列因素对螺纹联接力学行为的影响规律,为实际中修齿参数的确定、材料配对以及锥角、壁厚大小的确定提供了理论参考；
(7)设计了一台能够模拟油套管螺纹联接的试验装置,以P-110S油套管螺纹为试验研究对象,分别以几种不同的齿面接触应力进行试验研究,观察了螺纹在拧紧过程中表面形貌随着不同的加载和摩擦圈数而发生改变的过程,分析了接触应力大小对发生粘扣失效的影响规律。同时还进行了螺纹拆卸次数的试验研究,观察了螺纹齿面逐渐发生粘扣失效过程的表面形貌,得到的螺纹装拆次数与目前工业界中实际最大的装拆次数是吻合的。
本文的研究内容和成果将为油套管螺纹联接在工业中的实际应用提供有益的帮助,并可以为油套管螺纹联接力学行为的进一步研究和粘扣失效问题的进一步研究和预防提供有益的理论支撑。
In oil and natural gas industry, oil pipe is the important part and the application amount is very large. At present, it has already occupied nearly50%of the total steel in petroleum industry. More than80%of thread failures occur on the joint of threaded connection, which show the joint is the weakest point in oil tubing and casing. The connection of pin and box thread is a complicated contact and deformation process of spatial helical surface under external forces. The key point to investigate the mechanical behavior in oil pipe threaded connection is how to calculate the load and deformation distribution in threaded connection accurately and determine the load and deformation on each thread tooth as well. In oil pipe threaded connection, the load and deformation on each thread tooth is a procedure of transmission and accumulation, and the load and deformation between the former tooth and the latter tooth are closely related. In the previous analytical modeling of threaded connection, researchers usually consider the whole deformation and neglect the single deformation on each thread tooth, which leads to the inaccuracy on load distribution and could not make analysis and calculation in oil pipe threaded connection effectively. In addition, thread gluing is a main failure in threaded connection, but the researches on the failure process of gluing failure at present are still not sufficient. Based on the investigations and summaries in related literatures in the world, the mechanical behavior in oil pipe threaded connection under tightening and tension load is analyzed and the failure process of thread gluing is also observed by the experiment. The main research contents and achievements in this dissertation are described as follows:
(1) The mechanical behaviors of cylindrical pipe threaded connection in tightened and tensioned conditions are investigated respectively. The equations of axial deformation on pin and box thread are derivated and the calculating equations of load distribution on thread surface in tightened and tensioned conditions are developed. Take some parameters of P-110S oil pipe threaded connction for calculating example, the load distributions on contact surface in tightened and tensioned conditions are calculated respectively.
(2) The mechanical behavior of conic threaded connection with interference fit and tension load are investigated respectively. The equations of radial deformation on pin and box thread are established and the equation of contact pressure on contact surface with interference fit is obtained. By the modification of established cylindrical pipe threaded connection model, the equation of load distribution on conic threaded connection with tension load is derivated and the equation of contact pressure on conic threaded connection with interference fit and tension load is obtained. Take P-110S conic threaded connction for calculating example, the load distributions on contact surface in different conditions, such as intereference fit, tension load and combined loads, are calculated respectively. The difference between thicken and non-thicken threaded connection is also investigated.
(3) Take the joint of P-110S oil pipe threaded connection for research object and using the non-linear finite element software ABAQUS, the mechanical property of oil pipe threaded connection under make up, inner pressure, axial load and combined loads is analyzed and several regular curves are obtained. The results of finite element analysis to some extent verified the proposed analytical models in this dissertation.
(4) Based on the thick wall theory, the calculation model of required tightening torque is established. Take P-110S oil pipe threaded connection for calculating example, the tightening torque of oil pipe threaded connection under make up procedure is calculated. Compared the obtained tightening torques from analytical method, finite element analysis and the practical used tightening torque on Wuxi Seamless Oil Pipe Co., Ltd, the results indicate that the proposed calculation model on tightening torque in this dissertation is reasonable.
(5) Considering the existence of tooth shape error and tooth height error, the equation of load distribution includes these errors in oil pipe threaded connection is established and the influences of tooth shape error and tooth height error on load distribution are analyzed respectively.
(6) The analytical model in oil pipe threaded connection that includes the effect of tooth modification cut is established. This model can calculate the axial load and load distributions with tooth modification cut respectively. It can also be used to investigate the influence of tooth modification cut on load distribution effectively. Applying this proposed model, the influences of several factors, such as different tooth modification cut, materials of pin and box thread, taper angle and wall thickness, are also investigated, which provides the guidance for choosing parameters of tooth modification cut, material, taper angle and wall thickness.
(7) The experimental equipment that can simulate the contact of threaded connection is developed. Take P-110S oil pipe threaded connection for test example, the variation process on thread surface with different load and friction is observed and the influence of contact stress on gluing failure is investigated. Applying the practical tightening contact stress to the thread surface, the surface topography with gluing failure is observed and the maximum times of make up and disassembly is obtained. This obtained times number is identical to the practical used number in industry.
The research contents and achievements obtained in this dissertation will be helpful for the application in petroleum industry. This research will contribute to the further researches on the mechanical behavior in oil pipe threaded connection and also offers theoretical supports to the investigation and prevention of thread gluing.
引文
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