工业装置蒸汽透平网络模拟和优化
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摘要
蒸汽透平网络是工业装置的重要组成部分,隶属于公用工程,其安全稳定的运行是石化企业长期生产的保证。蒸汽透平网络的模拟和优化,对降低装置能耗和运行成本,提高能源利用率具有重要的意义。
蒸汽透平网络系统包括压缩机透平、泵透平(备用电泵)、减温减压器等设备以及不同蒸汽等级的管网。本文围绕蒸汽透平网络的模拟和优化展开研究,主要内容和创新点概况如下：
将蒸汽透平网络系统分解为压缩机透平网络、减温减压器和泵透平(备用电泵)依次建立模型。第一步,利用Aspen Plus对压缩机透平网络进行了模拟和分析。在模拟过程中,针对Aspen Plus软件的稳态特性和实际工厂中参数的动态变化,着重考虑了因透平排汽量变化而引起的非线性做功问题。考察了凝汽器内压力的确定及其影响因素并推导出了凝汽器压力随透平排汽量变化的关系式,再以Fortran语句的形式写入Aspen Plus软件,提高了Aspen Plus的动态实用性,使模拟得出的结果更符合现场实际。第二步,使用数学规划法建立了减温减压器和泵透平(备用电泵)的模型。第三步,两者结合构成了运用Aspen Plus模拟和数学规划法建模的蒸汽透平网络混合模型。
基于所建立的混合模型,以各透平抽汽量、减温减压器进口流量和电泵/透平泵的投用和备用组合为自变量,以蒸汽透平网络系统运行费用为目标变量,在满足各透平输出功率以及低等级管网蒸汽用量需求的前提下,通过Matlab——Aspen Plus接口工具,用粒子群优化算法搜索蒸汽透平网络的最优操作条件。结果表明：(1)为了补充管网蒸汽量,应尽可能多的使用透平抽汽,当抽汽量不足时才考虑将高品质蒸汽通过减温减压器直接降级使用；(2)通过合理分配各压缩机透平的抽汽量能够降低透平网络超高压蒸汽(SS)消耗量。优化后的透平网络运行费用可节省2145元/小时,节能效果显著,能够为乙烯装置蒸汽管网现场的调优工作起到良好的指导作用。
Steam turbine network is an important part of the industrial device and it belongs to the utilities. Its safe and stable operation guarantees the long-term production of the enterprise. Simulation and optimization of Steam turbine network are of great significance in reducing the energy consumption, decreasing the device operating cost and Improving energy efficiency.
Steam turbine network system includes compressor turbine, pump turbine (spare electric pump), let-down station and steam pipe network of different levels. Simulation and optimization of Steam turbine network are researched in this paper. The main contents and innovative points are listed as follows:
The steam turbine network system is divided into compressor turbine networks, let-down station and pump turbine (spare electric pump). Each section set a model in turn. The first step, the compressor turbine network is simulated and analyzed with Aspen Plus. During the simulation process, according to the steady characteristics of Aspen Plus and parameters'dynamic changes in actual factory Problem of nolinear doing work due to the change of turbine exhaust steam flow is taken into consideration. The condenser pressure and its influencing factors are investigated and the formula between condenser pressure and turbine exhaust steam flow is deduced. The formula is put into Aspen Plus as the form of FORTRAN statement. Then the dynamic practicability of Aspen Plus is improved and the simulation results can fit the actual more accurately. The second step, the models of let-down station and pump turbine (spare electric pump) are established using mathematical programming. The third step, the hybrid model of steam turbine network with Aspen Plus simulation and mathematical programming is established.
Based on the established hybrid model, with extraction steam flow of turbine, inlet steam flow of Pressure Reducer and Attemperator and the combination of turbine pump and electric pump as independent variable, steam turbine network system operation cost as target variables, the steam turbine network is optimized by PSO through the interface toolkit MAP in the condition of meeting the same output power and the requirement of the other pipe networks. The results show that:(1) in order to complement the steam content of pipe network, the turbine extraction steam should be used as much as possible, only when the extraction steam isn't enough, can the high quality steam be directly used through let-down station. (2) the steam consumption of SS level can be reduced by selecting the extraction capacity of every turbine reasonably. After the optimization, the operation cost of turbine network can reduce 2145 RMB/hour and the energy-saving effect is remarkable so the result can be a good guidance for the optimization of steam piping network.
蒸汽透平网络系统包括压缩机透平、泵透平(备用电泵)、减温减压器等设备以及不同蒸汽等级的管网。本文围绕蒸汽透平网络的模拟和优化展开研究,主要内容和创新点概况如下：
将蒸汽透平网络系统分解为压缩机透平网络、减温减压器和泵透平(备用电泵)依次建立模型。第一步,利用Aspen Plus对压缩机透平网络进行了模拟和分析。在模拟过程中,针对Aspen Plus软件的稳态特性和实际工厂中参数的动态变化,着重考虑了因透平排汽量变化而引起的非线性做功问题。考察了凝汽器内压力的确定及其影响因素并推导出了凝汽器压力随透平排汽量变化的关系式,再以Fortran语句的形式写入Aspen Plus软件,提高了Aspen Plus的动态实用性,使模拟得出的结果更符合现场实际。第二步,使用数学规划法建立了减温减压器和泵透平(备用电泵)的模型。第三步,两者结合构成了运用Aspen Plus模拟和数学规划法建模的蒸汽透平网络混合模型。
基于所建立的混合模型,以各透平抽汽量、减温减压器进口流量和电泵/透平泵的投用和备用组合为自变量,以蒸汽透平网络系统运行费用为目标变量,在满足各透平输出功率以及低等级管网蒸汽用量需求的前提下,通过Matlab——Aspen Plus接口工具,用粒子群优化算法搜索蒸汽透平网络的最优操作条件。结果表明：(1)为了补充管网蒸汽量,应尽可能多的使用透平抽汽,当抽汽量不足时才考虑将高品质蒸汽通过减温减压器直接降级使用；(2)通过合理分配各压缩机透平的抽汽量能够降低透平网络超高压蒸汽(SS)消耗量。优化后的透平网络运行费用可节省2145元/小时,节能效果显著,能够为乙烯装置蒸汽管网现场的调优工作起到良好的指导作用。
Steam turbine network is an important part of the industrial device and it belongs to the utilities. Its safe and stable operation guarantees the long-term production of the enterprise. Simulation and optimization of Steam turbine network are of great significance in reducing the energy consumption, decreasing the device operating cost and Improving energy efficiency.
Steam turbine network system includes compressor turbine, pump turbine (spare electric pump), let-down station and steam pipe network of different levels. Simulation and optimization of Steam turbine network are researched in this paper. The main contents and innovative points are listed as follows:
The steam turbine network system is divided into compressor turbine networks, let-down station and pump turbine (spare electric pump). Each section set a model in turn. The first step, the compressor turbine network is simulated and analyzed with Aspen Plus. During the simulation process, according to the steady characteristics of Aspen Plus and parameters'dynamic changes in actual factory Problem of nolinear doing work due to the change of turbine exhaust steam flow is taken into consideration. The condenser pressure and its influencing factors are investigated and the formula between condenser pressure and turbine exhaust steam flow is deduced. The formula is put into Aspen Plus as the form of FORTRAN statement. Then the dynamic practicability of Aspen Plus is improved and the simulation results can fit the actual more accurately. The second step, the models of let-down station and pump turbine (spare electric pump) are established using mathematical programming. The third step, the hybrid model of steam turbine network with Aspen Plus simulation and mathematical programming is established.
Based on the established hybrid model, with extraction steam flow of turbine, inlet steam flow of Pressure Reducer and Attemperator and the combination of turbine pump and electric pump as independent variable, steam turbine network system operation cost as target variables, the steam turbine network is optimized by PSO through the interface toolkit MAP in the condition of meeting the same output power and the requirement of the other pipe networks. The results show that:(1) in order to complement the steam content of pipe network, the turbine extraction steam should be used as much as possible, only when the extraction steam isn't enough, can the high quality steam be directly used through let-down station. (2) the steam consumption of SS level can be reduced by selecting the extraction capacity of every turbine reasonably. After the optimization, the operation cost of turbine network can reduce 2145 RMB/hour and the energy-saving effect is remarkable so the result can be a good guidance for the optimization of steam piping network.
引文
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[8]Chi-Wai Hui. Determining marginal values of intermediate material and utility using a site model[J]. Computer& Chemical Engineering.2000,24(2-7):1023-1029
[9]Kim J., Lee B., Lee E.-S. Optimal production sequence and processing schedules of multiproduct batch processes for heat integration and minimum equipment costs[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal.2001,18:599
[10]Heui-Seok Yi, Jeong Hwan Kim, etc. Periodical replanning with hierarchical repairing for the optimal operation of a utility plant[J]. Control Engineering Practice.2003,11(8): 881-894
[11]Shang Z., Kokossis A. A transshipment model for the optimization of steam levels of total site utility system for multiperiod operation[J]. Computer& Chemical Engineering. 2004,28:1673
[12]Saxena, M.N. Optimize gas turbine-driven centrifugal compressors[J]. Hydrocarbon process,2000,61-64
[13]张国喜,华贲,刘金平.石化企业蒸汽动力系统的多工况操作优化[J].石油炼制与化工.2001,32(5)：42-46
[14]罗向龙,华贲,张冰剑.石化企业蒸汽动力系统的多周期运行优化[J].计算机与应用化学.2006,23(1)：41-45
[15]In-Su Han, Young-Hak Lee, etc. Modeling and Optimization of the Condensing Steam Turbine Network of a Chemical Plant[J]. Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.2006,45:670-680
[16]Tor-Martin Tveit, Carl-Johan Fogelholm. Multi-period steam turbine network optimisati-on. Part I:Simulation based regression models and an evolutionary algorithm for finding D-optimal designs[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering.2006,26:993-1000
[17]Tor-Martin Tverit, Carl-Johan Fogelholm. Multi-period steam turbine network optimisat-ion. Part II:Development of a multi-period MINLP model of a utility system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering.2006,26:1730-1736
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