单相光伏并网逆变器的设计与实现
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摘要
随着传统的三大化石能源日渐枯竭,绿色能源的开发和利用将会得到空前发展。太阳能作为世界上最清洁的绿色能源之一,其并网发电备受世界各国的普遍关注。而光伏并网逆变器是光伏并网发电系统的核心部件,如何可靠和高质量地向电网输送功率尤为重要,因此在可再生能源并网发电系统中起电能变换作用的逆变器成为了研究的一个热点。本文主要以单相光伏并网逆变器为研究对象,对并网系统的拓扑结构,控制策略,MPPT最大功率点跟踪,孤岛保护等方面做了详细的分析与研究,主要内容有:
通过对目前常见的各种逆变系统主体电路拓扑结构进行分析和比较,确定了系统DC-DC-AC的拓扑结构方案。DC-DC环节选择用双并联Boost电路取代高频变压器,提高了系统的效率和减小了设备体积;后级逆变环节选择全桥式结构。选择TMS320F2812高性能定点DSP作为系统主控单元,充分利用DSP强大的运算能力和其丰富的片内外设功能,使硬件电路设计相对简单,而且系统输出具有很好的动态响应。
建立太阳能电池等效电路模型,分析太阳能电池输出特性,并在此基础上研究各种MPPT最大功率点跟踪算法。理论分析了产生孤岛效应时电路状态的变化,并提出主被动结合的孤岛保护方法。
针对DC-DC和DC-AC两级拓扑结构,分别采用各自独立的控制方案,前级实现MPPT和升压功能,后级控制直流母线电压稳定和使输出电流与电网电压同频率同相位,并通过Simulink仿真验证了控制方案理论上的可行性。
根据理论上的分析研究,针对给定指标,设计了系统主体电路和控制电路并进行参数的选择。开发了并网逆变器样机,对其硬件电路及软件程序进行了分模块调试,并给出了实验结果。通过分析实验数据和测试波形,证明了所设计样机系统工作性能可靠,设计思路确实可行。
With growing depletion of the three traditional fossil energy,the utilization of the green energy including solar energy will get unprecedented development. Solar energy is one of the most clean regeneration energy resource,and its grid-connected system has been cared by the world.Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is the core component of grid-connected PV system,it is particularly important to transmit the power to grid with high quality and reliability.So Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is becoming a hot reseach. This paper presents a detailed analysis and research on the topologies of grid-connected system, control strategy, maximum power point tracking, and Gudao protection ,the main content are:
By analyzing and comparing a variety of the current commom circuit topologies, the DC-DC-AC topology program is adopted in this dissertation.In the DC-DC part,a dual parallel links boost circuit is choosed to replace a high-frequency transformer circuit to improve the efficiency and reduce the volume of equipment,and the next structure is full-bridge.Choosing the high-performance fixed-point DSP TMS320F2812 as the control unit ,using its powerful DSP computing power and peripheral functions,so that the hardware design is relatively simple ,and the system output has a very good dynamic response.
It establishs the solar cell equivalent circuit model ,analysis the output characteristics of solar cell,and study a various of algorithms of the maximum power point tracking.Then it analysis the changes of island effect, and propose a method of island protection with active and passive combined.
For the DC-DC and DC-AC two-tier topology,a separate control program is presented.The function of the former class is to boost and achieve the maximum power point.The simulink simulation indicates the feasibility of control theory.
According to theoretical analysis and sign specifications for the system,this paper gives the system the main circuit and control circuit and the choice of parameters.The prototype of grid inverter is developed, the hardware circuits and software programs have been sub-module testing, and experimental results are given. By analyzing the experimental data and test waveforms, it demonstrates that the prototype system is reliable and practical.
通过对目前常见的各种逆变系统主体电路拓扑结构进行分析和比较,确定了系统DC-DC-AC的拓扑结构方案。DC-DC环节选择用双并联Boost电路取代高频变压器,提高了系统的效率和减小了设备体积;后级逆变环节选择全桥式结构。选择TMS320F2812高性能定点DSP作为系统主控单元,充分利用DSP强大的运算能力和其丰富的片内外设功能,使硬件电路设计相对简单,而且系统输出具有很好的动态响应。
建立太阳能电池等效电路模型,分析太阳能电池输出特性,并在此基础上研究各种MPPT最大功率点跟踪算法。理论分析了产生孤岛效应时电路状态的变化,并提出主被动结合的孤岛保护方法。
针对DC-DC和DC-AC两级拓扑结构,分别采用各自独立的控制方案,前级实现MPPT和升压功能,后级控制直流母线电压稳定和使输出电流与电网电压同频率同相位,并通过Simulink仿真验证了控制方案理论上的可行性。
根据理论上的分析研究,针对给定指标,设计了系统主体电路和控制电路并进行参数的选择。开发了并网逆变器样机,对其硬件电路及软件程序进行了分模块调试,并给出了实验结果。通过分析实验数据和测试波形,证明了所设计样机系统工作性能可靠,设计思路确实可行。
With growing depletion of the three traditional fossil energy,the utilization of the green energy including solar energy will get unprecedented development. Solar energy is one of the most clean regeneration energy resource,and its grid-connected system has been cared by the world.Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is the core component of grid-connected PV system,it is particularly important to transmit the power to grid with high quality and reliability.So Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is becoming a hot reseach. This paper presents a detailed analysis and research on the topologies of grid-connected system, control strategy, maximum power point tracking, and Gudao protection ,the main content are:
By analyzing and comparing a variety of the current commom circuit topologies, the DC-DC-AC topology program is adopted in this dissertation.In the DC-DC part,a dual parallel links boost circuit is choosed to replace a high-frequency transformer circuit to improve the efficiency and reduce the volume of equipment,and the next structure is full-bridge.Choosing the high-performance fixed-point DSP TMS320F2812 as the control unit ,using its powerful DSP computing power and peripheral functions,so that the hardware design is relatively simple ,and the system output has a very good dynamic response.
It establishs the solar cell equivalent circuit model ,analysis the output characteristics of solar cell,and study a various of algorithms of the maximum power point tracking.Then it analysis the changes of island effect, and propose a method of island protection with active and passive combined.
For the DC-DC and DC-AC two-tier topology,a separate control program is presented.The function of the former class is to boost and achieve the maximum power point.The simulink simulation indicates the feasibility of control theory.
According to theoretical analysis and sign specifications for the system,this paper gives the system the main circuit and control circuit and the choice of parameters.The prototype of grid inverter is developed, the hardware circuits and software programs have been sub-module testing, and experimental results are given. By analyzing the experimental data and test waveforms, it demonstrates that the prototype system is reliable and practical.
引文
1王长贵.新能源和可再生能源的现状和展望.太阳能光伏产业发展论坛论文集. 2003,9:4~9
2赵玉文. 21世纪我国光伏产业发展战略思考.中国工程科学. 2002, 3(7):17~20
3崔民选. 2006中国能源发展报告.社会科学文献出版社, 2006:20~25
4中关村国际环保产业促进中心编著.谁能驱动中国-世界能源危机和中国方略.第一版.人民出版社, 2006:102~108
5张伯泉,杨宜乐.风力和太阳能光伏发电现状及发展趋势.中国电力. 2006, 39(6):65~69
6陈英婕,傅仲文.太阳能光伏发电产业产业的发展趋势和展望.电源资讯. 2006, (7):33~36
7时景丽,李俊峰.可再生能源法制定的背景和基本思路.上海电力. 2005, (6):551~554
8赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,袁立强.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.科学出版社, 2005:158~200
9 Hua Chihchiang. Two-lever Switching Pattern Deadbeat DSP Controlled Pwm Inverter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1995, 10(3):310~317
10 Osman K.. Deadbeat Control of a Three-phase Inverter with an Output LC Filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1996, 11(1):16~23
11 Atsuo K., Ronachal C., Toshimasa H., Richard G.H.. Deadbeat Controlled PWM Inverter with Parameter Estimation Using Only Voltage Sensor, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1988, 3(2):118~125
12 Tai T.L., Chen J.. UPS Inverter Design Using Discrete-time Sliding-mode Control Scheme. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2002, 49(1):67~75
13高为炳.变结构控制的理论及设计方法.科学出版社, 1996:25~43
14 Zhang K., Kang Y., Xiong J., Chen J.. Direct Repetitive Control of SPWM Inverters for UPS Purpose. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2003, 18(3):784~792
15 Ying Y.T., Shih L.J., Hsin C.Y.. Adaptive Repetitive Control of PWM Inverters for very low THD Ac-voltage Regulation with Unknown Loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1999, 14(5):973~981
16 Cassiano R., Humberto P., Hilton A.G., Helio L.H., Jose R.P.. Comparison of Digital Control Techniques with Repetitive Ingegral Action for low Cost PWM Inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2003, 18(1):401~410
17 Thomas S. basso.IEEE 1547 Series of Standards:Interconnection Issues IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, VOL. 19, NO.5, SEPT 2003
18文劲松.中小功率单相逆变并网控制系统设计与开发.湖南大学硕士学位论文. 2007:8~12
19张凌.单相光伏并网逆变器的研制.北京交通大学硕士学位论文. 2007:7~116
20王长贵,王斯成主编.太阳能光伏发电实用技术.第1版.北京.化学工业出版社, 2005:86~120
21刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用.电子工业出版社, 2008:201~255
22慧军.光伏并网逆变器的研究与实践.南京农业大学硕士学论文. 2007:7~10
23袁镇,贺立龙.太阳能电池的基本特性.现代电子技术. 2007, 16(255):163~165
24周德佳,赵争鸣,吴理博,袁立强,孙晓瑛.基于仿真模型的太阳能光伏电池阵列特性的分析.清华大学学报. 2007, 7(47):1110~1117
25傅诚,陈鸣,沈玉樑,余世杰.基于输出参数的光伏电池最大功率点控制.电工技术学报. 2007, 2(22):148~152
26黄瑶,黄洪全.电导增量法实现光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪控制.现代电子技术. 2008, 22:18~19
27张超,何湘宁.短路电流结合扰动观察法在光伏发电最大功率点跟踪控制中的应用.中国电机工程学报. 2006, 20(26):98~101
28徐鹏威,刘飞,刘邦银,段善旭.几种光伏系统MPPT方法的分析比较及改进.电力电子技术. 2007, 5(41):1~5
29杨帆,彭宏伟,胡为兵,李国平,姜燕.太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪技术探讨.电子器件. 2008, 4(31):1081~1084
30叶满园,官二勇,宋平岗.以电导增量法实现MPPT的单级光伏并网逆变器.电力电子技术. 2006, 2(40):30~32
31 Xuanyuan Wang, Kazerranni.M. A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverters. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE. 2003, 3:2332~2337
32 Rivera.E.I., Fang Peng. A Novel Method to Estimate the Maximum Power for a Photovoltaic Inverter System. Power Electronic Specialists Conference
35 th Annual. 2004, 3:2065~2069
33刘方锐,康勇,张宇.光伏并网逆变器的孤岛检测技术.电力科学与技术学报. 2009, 1(24):8~11
34王志峰,段善旭,刘芙蓉.光伏并网系统反孤岛控制策略仿真分析.通信电源技术. 2007, 2(24):29~31
35袁玲,郑建勇,张先飞.光伏发电并网系统孤岛检测方法的分析与改进.电力系统自动化. 2007, 21(31):72~75
36陈雷,石新春,赵艳军,王艳玲.太阳能光伏并网发电系统中孤岛效应的仿真研究.灯与照明. 2009, 1(33):59~62
37禹华军,潘俊民.无功补偿技术在光伏并网发电系统孤岛检测中的应用.电工电能新技术. 2005, 3(24):22~26
38董密.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的优化设计与控制策略研究.中南大学博士学位论文. 2007:42~58
39雷元超.陈春根.滞环比较PWM跟踪控制分析.水电能源科学. 2004, 23(3):83~85
40戴瑜兴,张义兵.有源滤波器逆变电路的滞环比较控制策略.湖南师范大学自然科学学报. 2003, (9):37~45
41郭小强,邬伟扬,赵清林.新型并网逆变器控制策略比较和数字实现.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(5):111~116
42张卫宁. TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设(上).清华大学出版社, 2006:159~193
43张卫宁. TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设(下).清华大学出版社, 2006:272~376
44 Texas Instruments. TMS320C28x Optimizing C Complier User’s Guide. 2001, 100~180
45 Texas Instruments. TMS320F28x Peripherals Reference Guide. 2003:1~4
46 Texas Instruments. TMS320F28x Event Manager (EV) Reference Guide.2003:1~47
47薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.清华大学出版社, 2002:291~293
48苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆峰,陈圣俭. TMS320F2812原理与开发.电子工业出版社, 2006:100~156
49陈桂明,张明照,戚红雨,张宝俊.应用MATLAB建模与仿真.科学出版社, 2000:145~170
50王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.机械出版社, 2005:150~169
2赵玉文. 21世纪我国光伏产业发展战略思考.中国工程科学. 2002, 3(7):17~20
3崔民选. 2006中国能源发展报告.社会科学文献出版社, 2006:20~25
4中关村国际环保产业促进中心编著.谁能驱动中国-世界能源危机和中国方略.第一版.人民出版社, 2006:102~108
5张伯泉,杨宜乐.风力和太阳能光伏发电现状及发展趋势.中国电力. 2006, 39(6):65~69
6陈英婕,傅仲文.太阳能光伏发电产业产业的发展趋势和展望.电源资讯. 2006, (7):33~36
7时景丽,李俊峰.可再生能源法制定的背景和基本思路.上海电力. 2005, (6):551~554
8赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛,袁立强.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.科学出版社, 2005:158~200
9 Hua Chihchiang. Two-lever Switching Pattern Deadbeat DSP Controlled Pwm Inverter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1995, 10(3):310~317
10 Osman K.. Deadbeat Control of a Three-phase Inverter with an Output LC Filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1996, 11(1):16~23
11 Atsuo K., Ronachal C., Toshimasa H., Richard G.H.. Deadbeat Controlled PWM Inverter with Parameter Estimation Using Only Voltage Sensor, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1988, 3(2):118~125
12 Tai T.L., Chen J.. UPS Inverter Design Using Discrete-time Sliding-mode Control Scheme. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2002, 49(1):67~75
13高为炳.变结构控制的理论及设计方法.科学出版社, 1996:25~43
14 Zhang K., Kang Y., Xiong J., Chen J.. Direct Repetitive Control of SPWM Inverters for UPS Purpose. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2003, 18(3):784~792
15 Ying Y.T., Shih L.J., Hsin C.Y.. Adaptive Repetitive Control of PWM Inverters for very low THD Ac-voltage Regulation with Unknown Loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 1999, 14(5):973~981
16 Cassiano R., Humberto P., Hilton A.G., Helio L.H., Jose R.P.. Comparison of Digital Control Techniques with Repetitive Ingegral Action for low Cost PWM Inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2003, 18(1):401~410
17 Thomas S. basso.IEEE 1547 Series of Standards:Interconnection Issues IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, VOL. 19, NO.5, SEPT 2003
18文劲松.中小功率单相逆变并网控制系统设计与开发.湖南大学硕士学位论文. 2007:8~12
19张凌.单相光伏并网逆变器的研制.北京交通大学硕士学位论文. 2007:7~116
20王长贵,王斯成主编.太阳能光伏发电实用技术.第1版.北京.化学工业出版社, 2005:86~120
21刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用.电子工业出版社, 2008:201~255
22慧军.光伏并网逆变器的研究与实践.南京农业大学硕士学论文. 2007:7~10
23袁镇,贺立龙.太阳能电池的基本特性.现代电子技术. 2007, 16(255):163~165
24周德佳,赵争鸣,吴理博,袁立强,孙晓瑛.基于仿真模型的太阳能光伏电池阵列特性的分析.清华大学学报. 2007, 7(47):1110~1117
25傅诚,陈鸣,沈玉樑,余世杰.基于输出参数的光伏电池最大功率点控制.电工技术学报. 2007, 2(22):148~152
26黄瑶,黄洪全.电导增量法实现光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪控制.现代电子技术. 2008, 22:18~19
27张超,何湘宁.短路电流结合扰动观察法在光伏发电最大功率点跟踪控制中的应用.中国电机工程学报. 2006, 20(26):98~101
28徐鹏威,刘飞,刘邦银,段善旭.几种光伏系统MPPT方法的分析比较及改进.电力电子技术. 2007, 5(41):1~5
29杨帆,彭宏伟,胡为兵,李国平,姜燕.太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪技术探讨.电子器件. 2008, 4(31):1081~1084
30叶满园,官二勇,宋平岗.以电导增量法实现MPPT的单级光伏并网逆变器.电力电子技术. 2006, 2(40):30~32
31 Xuanyuan Wang, Kazerranni.M. A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverters. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE. 2003, 3:2332~2337
32 Rivera.E.I., Fang Peng. A Novel Method to Estimate the Maximum Power for a Photovoltaic Inverter System. Power Electronic Specialists Conference
35 th Annual. 2004, 3:2065~2069
33刘方锐,康勇,张宇.光伏并网逆变器的孤岛检测技术.电力科学与技术学报. 2009, 1(24):8~11
34王志峰,段善旭,刘芙蓉.光伏并网系统反孤岛控制策略仿真分析.通信电源技术. 2007, 2(24):29~31
35袁玲,郑建勇,张先飞.光伏发电并网系统孤岛检测方法的分析与改进.电力系统自动化. 2007, 21(31):72~75
36陈雷,石新春,赵艳军,王艳玲.太阳能光伏并网发电系统中孤岛效应的仿真研究.灯与照明. 2009, 1(33):59~62
37禹华军,潘俊民.无功补偿技术在光伏并网发电系统孤岛检测中的应用.电工电能新技术. 2005, 3(24):22~26
38董密.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的优化设计与控制策略研究.中南大学博士学位论文. 2007:42~58
39雷元超.陈春根.滞环比较PWM跟踪控制分析.水电能源科学. 2004, 23(3):83~85
40戴瑜兴,张义兵.有源滤波器逆变电路的滞环比较控制策略.湖南师范大学自然科学学报. 2003, (9):37~45
41郭小强,邬伟扬,赵清林.新型并网逆变器控制策略比较和数字实现.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(5):111~116
42张卫宁. TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设(上).清华大学出版社, 2006:159~193
43张卫宁. TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设(下).清华大学出版社, 2006:272~376
44 Texas Instruments. TMS320C28x Optimizing C Complier User’s Guide. 2001, 100~180
45 Texas Instruments. TMS320F28x Peripherals Reference Guide. 2003:1~4
46 Texas Instruments. TMS320F28x Event Manager (EV) Reference Guide.2003:1~47
47薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.清华大学出版社, 2002:291~293
48苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆峰,陈圣俭. TMS320F2812原理与开发.电子工业出版社, 2006:100~156
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