基于TMS320F2812DSP风光互补发电系统控制器的研究
摘要
风光互补发电系统作为新能源技术应用的重要组成部分越来越受到人们的青睐,所以将此作为新能源研究的切入点,进行一些有益的尝试和探索。
本文从太阳能电池的光生伏打效应入手,推导出太阳能电池的U—I曲线,并以此作为最大功率跟踪(MPPT)技术的理论基础。针对小风机的发电技术也存在的MPPT技术,文章进行了统一性研究,给出了新的控制策略——变步长扰动观察控制。为了提高系统的充放电效率,文章还对三段式充放电、均衡充电、温度补偿等蓄电池充电理论进行了阐述。
根据上述理论,结合工程实际,设计了风光互补控制器的电路。利用电压霍尔和电流霍尔实现了风机电压、太阳能电池电压、蓄电池电压和充电电流的实时采样,利用TMS320F2812DSP的EVA与AD模块软件实现对蓄电池欠压、过压、运行等模式的智能充放电管理。针对风力发电机的输出电压波动大的问题,系统提供了硬件和软件的风机过速智能保护系统。本系统采用MPPT的控制策略提高了整个系统的效率,设计提供了一套LCD显示界面和一组LED指示灯增强系统管理的友好性。为了解决风光互补控制器芯片的供电问题,设计了一套以UC3843PWM芯片为核心的反激式辅助电源。该电源用硬件实现了电流内环、电压外环的双环控制策略,提高了系统供电的可靠性和稳定性。
研制出了一台风光互补控制器样机,进行了有关实验、检测与调试。实验波形和数据都显示该系统运行稳定可靠,达到了设计要求。该方案可为风光互补控制器的工程设计提供一定的参考。
As the important part of the new energy resources, the PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage is arisen more and more attention. Now,we are studying about this advanced scientific knowledge about the control method of Hybrid PV/Wind power system. It is of great benefit.
The paper begins with the photovohaic effect. According to the U-I performance characteristics of solar energy batteries, charge and discharge control strategy was proposed based on maximum power track technology (MPPT). In order to improve the efficiency of the charge and discharge system, this paper also proposed the principles of three—step charging, charging equalization, temperature compensation.
Based on these theoretical research,combined an engineering project,a design of the Controller of Hybrid PV/Wind Power System was made. By the using of HL voltage sensors and HL current sensor, it achieved real-time sampling values, the wind-driven generator voltage, the solar panel voltage, the storage batteries voltage and the charging current. The TMS320F2812 DSP EVA and AD determine which state the batteries being in. The voltage of the storage batteries reach a certain minimum value, or are beyond the maximum voltage, or are within range of the normal. So it can accomplish charging the batteries are being charged or discharged intelligently, at appropriate time. The double intelligent protection systems, component of both the hardware and software, are provided so as to avoid overspeed and mechanical damage to the wind-driven generator. A friendly interface was provided through the display of the LED and LCD.The Hybrid PV/Wind power system needs a lot of different voltage levels. A DC source is required as interfaces between the DC systems of different voltage levels. In order to maintain the output at the desired value, it is specially designed a Pilot Flyback Switch Power Supply based on UC3843. The double control tactics of voltage control loop and current control loop, improved reliability and stability of the system.
At last, according to those research, a controller of Hybrid PV/Wind power system was made, all kind of testing have been practiced on its capability, the results turned out that the whole capability and indexes have reached the design requests.
本文从太阳能电池的光生伏打效应入手,推导出太阳能电池的U—I曲线,并以此作为最大功率跟踪(MPPT)技术的理论基础。针对小风机的发电技术也存在的MPPT技术,文章进行了统一性研究,给出了新的控制策略——变步长扰动观察控制。为了提高系统的充放电效率,文章还对三段式充放电、均衡充电、温度补偿等蓄电池充电理论进行了阐述。
根据上述理论,结合工程实际,设计了风光互补控制器的电路。利用电压霍尔和电流霍尔实现了风机电压、太阳能电池电压、蓄电池电压和充电电流的实时采样,利用TMS320F2812DSP的EVA与AD模块软件实现对蓄电池欠压、过压、运行等模式的智能充放电管理。针对风力发电机的输出电压波动大的问题,系统提供了硬件和软件的风机过速智能保护系统。本系统采用MPPT的控制策略提高了整个系统的效率,设计提供了一套LCD显示界面和一组LED指示灯增强系统管理的友好性。为了解决风光互补控制器芯片的供电问题,设计了一套以UC3843PWM芯片为核心的反激式辅助电源。该电源用硬件实现了电流内环、电压外环的双环控制策略,提高了系统供电的可靠性和稳定性。
研制出了一台风光互补控制器样机,进行了有关实验、检测与调试。实验波形和数据都显示该系统运行稳定可靠,达到了设计要求。该方案可为风光互补控制器的工程设计提供一定的参考。
As the important part of the new energy resources, the PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage is arisen more and more attention. Now,we are studying about this advanced scientific knowledge about the control method of Hybrid PV/Wind power system. It is of great benefit.
The paper begins with the photovohaic effect. According to the U-I performance characteristics of solar energy batteries, charge and discharge control strategy was proposed based on maximum power track technology (MPPT). In order to improve the efficiency of the charge and discharge system, this paper also proposed the principles of three—step charging, charging equalization, temperature compensation.
Based on these theoretical research,combined an engineering project,a design of the Controller of Hybrid PV/Wind Power System was made. By the using of HL voltage sensors and HL current sensor, it achieved real-time sampling values, the wind-driven generator voltage, the solar panel voltage, the storage batteries voltage and the charging current. The TMS320F2812 DSP EVA and AD determine which state the batteries being in. The voltage of the storage batteries reach a certain minimum value, or are beyond the maximum voltage, or are within range of the normal. So it can accomplish charging the batteries are being charged or discharged intelligently, at appropriate time. The double intelligent protection systems, component of both the hardware and software, are provided so as to avoid overspeed and mechanical damage to the wind-driven generator. A friendly interface was provided through the display of the LED and LCD.The Hybrid PV/Wind power system needs a lot of different voltage levels. A DC source is required as interfaces between the DC systems of different voltage levels. In order to maintain the output at the desired value, it is specially designed a Pilot Flyback Switch Power Supply based on UC3843. The double control tactics of voltage control loop and current control loop, improved reliability and stability of the system.
At last, according to those research, a controller of Hybrid PV/Wind power system was made, all kind of testing have been practiced on its capability, the results turned out that the whole capability and indexes have reached the design requests.
引文
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[2]郑健超.未来电力技术的发展趋势浅析[J].电力科学.2005.
[3]宗文春.我国太阳能发电现状分析及存在问题[J].中国水利水电市场.2006.
[4] S.Diaf,G.Notton,M.Belhamel,M.Haddadi,A.Louche.Design and techno-economical optimization for hybrid PV/wind system under various meteorological conditions[J].Applied Energy.85,2008.968–987.
[5]贾大江.小型风光互补系统中存在的问题的分析[J].阳光能源.2003.
[6] Velasco,G.Guinjoan,F. Pique,R. Grid-connected PV systems energy extraction improvement by means of an Electric Array Reconfiguration (EAR) strategy:Operating principle and experimental results[C] . Power Electronics Specialists Conference , 2008. PESC 2008. IEEE.
[7] Celik,Ali Naci.Techno-economic analysis of autonomous PV-wind hybrid energy systems using different sizing methods. Vol44, No.12, Energy Conversion and Management. July, 2003:1951-1968.
[8] Tzen Eftihia,Sigalas,Marios.Clean water: Development of an autonomous PV wind hybrid desalination system[J].Vol.5, No.3, Refocus.May/June,2004:30-31.
[9]尹静,张庆范.浅析风光互补发电系统[J].变频器世界.2008.
[10] Orhan Ekren,Banu Yetkin Ekren. Size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage using response surface methodology.Applied Energy.85,2008:1086–1101.
[11]计长安,张秀彬,曾国辉,何斌,周雪莲.基于MCU的风光互补独立电源系统[J].Vo1.8,No.6,电源技术应用.2005:35-38.
[12] Chen YaowMing,Cheng ChungSheng,Wu HsuChin Source.Grid-connected hybrid PV/Wind power generation system with improved DC bus voltage regulation strategy.Conference Proceedings-IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition-APEC,v 2006,Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,APEC06, 2006:1088-1094.
[13]计长安,张秀彬,赵兴勇,吴浩,曾国辉.基于模糊控制的风光互补能源系统[N].Vol.22,No.3,电工技术学报.2007:178-184.
[14]娄承芝.风光互补发电控制系统的研究与开发[D].天津大学硕士论文. 2004
[15]赵争鸣.北京2008年奥运会太阳能应用[C].北京市照明学会年会论文集.2002.
[16]甘璐.风/光互补发电系统的管理控制及系统平台研发[D].广东工业大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[17]许任重.太阳能户用逆变电源的设计[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[18]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为,吴敏达,沈玉梁,何慧若.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[N].太阳能学报,2001(4): 409-412.
[19]郑诗程,刘伟,葛芦生.具有TMPPT功能的太阳能光伏充电系统研究[N].Vol.22,No.3,电子测量与仪器学报.2008:11-15.
[20]房泽平,王生铁.小型风电系统变步长扰动MPPT控制仿真研究[J].Vol.24,No.9,计算机仿真.2007:241-244.
[21]林阂,张崇巍,张兴,吕绍勤,张艳红.风光互补系统的MPPT控制策略.453-456.
[22]龙腾飞,丁宣浩,蔡如华.MPPT的三点比较法与登山法比较分析[J].大众科技.2007.
[23]许颇.基于Z源型逆变器的光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学博士论文. 2006
[24]栗秋华,周林,刘强,张凤,武剑.光伏并网发电系统最大功率跟踪新算法及其仿真[J].Vol.28,No.7,电力自动化设备.2008:21-25.
[25]杨帆,彭宏伟,胡为兵.DC—DC转换电路在光伏发电MPPT中的应用[N].Vol.30,No.3,武汉工程大学学报,2008.
[26] Bellur,Dakshina M,Kazimierczuk,Marian K.DC-DC converters for electric vehicle applications[C].2007 Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, EEIC 2007, 2007 Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing Expo, EEIC 2007,2007,286-293.
[27] Su GuiJia,Tang Lixin.A three-phase bidirectional DC-DC converter for automotive applications[C].Conference Record -IAS Annual Meeting,,2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS'08,2008.
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