批量生产的某型燃料电池车底盘装配工艺规划的研究
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摘要
燃料电池汽车与传统燃油汽车相比，无论起动、传动还是制动等都发生了根本性变化，所以底盘的布置与装配显得尤其重要。目前，某型燃料电池汽车的样车和试验都已经完成，但是进入市场批量生产，实现产业化仍有很多障碍，其中“高成本”成为最大问题，并且仅有的单台试验样车的手工装配方式不适合批量生产，批量生产解决的问题是现有燃油汽车装配工装及流程的重用以降低成本和时间，保证质量稳定。
本文首先介绍了某型燃料电池车的底盘结构和布置情况，根据燃料电池车整体布局制订了单台实验车的装配工艺，完成了样车试制，总结了样车试制过程中出现的问题及其解决方法；同时按照企业现有的燃油汽车装配生产线初步制订了燃料电池车批量生产底盘装配工艺；然后进一步以氢瓶总成预装工艺为例，使用EM-Assembler软件对初步制订的氢瓶总成装配工艺进行仿真，验证所制订装配工艺的可行性以及合理性。
Compared with the traditional fuel oil automobile, Fuel cell vehicle has fundamental changes on its starting, transmission and braking systems etc. Therefore, the chassis arrangement and assembly process appeared especially important. The testing fuel cell automobile and experiment have already completed at present, but entering batch production, realizing industrialization still have very many barriers in which "the high cost" becomes the most major problem. Besides, the existed single testing car manual assembly way is not suitble for batch production. Batch production need to solve the problem which is the reuses of the existing fuel oil automobile chassis assembly tools、equipments and the production flow to reduce cost and time, and guarantee that the quality is stable.
This article introduced the structure and arrangement mode of certain type fuel cell vehicle chassis firstly, single testing car assembly process is formulated according to the overall layout of fuel cell vehicle, the testing vehicle trial manufacture has been completed, the problems and their solutions which appeared in the testing vehicle trial manufacture process are summarized; Simultaneously, the initial fuel cell vehicle chassis assembly process for batch production is formulated referring to the existed fuel oil automobile assembly production line in the enterprise; Then, take the hydrogen bottle unit assembly process as an example, the preliminary formulated pre-assembly process for batch production is simulated using the software EM-Assembler to confirm its feasibility and rationality.
本文首先介绍了某型燃料电池车的底盘结构和布置情况，根据燃料电池车整体布局制订了单台实验车的装配工艺，完成了样车试制，总结了样车试制过程中出现的问题及其解决方法；同时按照企业现有的燃油汽车装配生产线初步制订了燃料电池车批量生产底盘装配工艺；然后进一步以氢瓶总成预装工艺为例，使用EM-Assembler软件对初步制订的氢瓶总成装配工艺进行仿真，验证所制订装配工艺的可行性以及合理性。
Compared with the traditional fuel oil automobile, Fuel cell vehicle has fundamental changes on its starting, transmission and braking systems etc. Therefore, the chassis arrangement and assembly process appeared especially important. The testing fuel cell automobile and experiment have already completed at present, but entering batch production, realizing industrialization still have very many barriers in which "the high cost" becomes the most major problem. Besides, the existed single testing car manual assembly way is not suitble for batch production. Batch production need to solve the problem which is the reuses of the existing fuel oil automobile chassis assembly tools、equipments and the production flow to reduce cost and time, and guarantee that the quality is stable.
This article introduced the structure and arrangement mode of certain type fuel cell vehicle chassis firstly, single testing car assembly process is formulated according to the overall layout of fuel cell vehicle, the testing vehicle trial manufacture has been completed, the problems and their solutions which appeared in the testing vehicle trial manufacture process are summarized; Simultaneously, the initial fuel cell vehicle chassis assembly process for batch production is formulated referring to the existed fuel oil automobile assembly production line in the enterprise; Then, take the hydrogen bottle unit assembly process as an example, the preliminary formulated pre-assembly process for batch production is simulated using the software EM-Assembler to confirm its feasibility and rationality.
引文
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[2] 田玉冬，朱新坚，曹广益．电动汽车的动力电池技术．移动电源与车辆，2003．3
[3] Chritian Fellner, John Newman.High-power batteries for use in hybrid vehicles.Joural of Power Sources,2000,85.
[4] 宋文生，李磊，王宇新．燃料电池汽车氢源．汽车工程，2003．4
[5] 张俊智，王丽芳等．纯氢燃料电池汽车性能的仿真．汽车工程，2001．6
[6] 张华民，明平文，邢丹敏．质子交换膜燃料电池的发展现状．当代化工，2001．1
[7] 氢能源时代将到来—新一代燃料电池车．AUTOCAR轿车情报，2003．1
[8] G. G. Harding.Electric Vehicles in the Next Millemium.Journal of Power Sources, 1999.78
[9] 林珏．新世纪世界汽车业的发展趋势．上海经济研究，2001．12
[10] 宋文生，李磊等．燃料电池汽车研发现状及发展前景．天津汽车，2003．1
[11] 宏湖．燃料电池车的发展动向．AUTOCAR轿车情报，2005．1
[12] 陈敬国．大型冲压模具快速开发技术．科技成果信息月报，2006．12
[13] eM-Assembler Object Manual Version 6.1.1
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[15] 李虹玉．燃料电池混合动力车的开发．轻型汽车技术，2002．11
[16] 汪植亮，吴宪．燃料电池轿车总布置的参数化设计．上海汽车，2005．5
[17] 吴宪．燃料电池车各种装置的模块化设计．汽车工程，2002．3
[18] 刘检化，姚珺，宁汝新．虚拟装配工艺规划实现技术研究．机械工程学报，2004．6
[19] 沈中伟．装配CAPP中零部件自动装配顺序的确定．浙江工程学院学报，1994．1
[20] E. Eussman E.L enzM.Shpitalni An approach to the automatic assembly planning.Annals of the CIRP,1990.1
[21] 李硕，栗新．机械制造工艺基础．国防工业出版社，2006
[22] 高传玉．产品设计中装配工艺性的分析研究．江苏理工大学学报：自然科学版，1994．6
[23] John R Coleman.Mechanical Assembly.Assembly Engineering, 1988.9
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[26] Lasserre J B.An integrated model for job-shop planning and scheduling.Management Science, 1992.8
[27] Cho K K,Oh J S,Ryu K R,Choi H R.An Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling System for Block Assembly in Shipbuilding.Annals of the CIRP,1998.1
[28] Mo J Z,Cai J G.DFA-oriented assembly relation modeling.International Journal of Integrated Manufacturing, 1999,3
[29] http://www.cavtc.net/jpkc/site-jxzzjs/sp/pdf/54.pdf
[30] G. Dini,M.Santoch.Automated sequencing and subassembly detection in assembly planning.Annals of the CIRP,1992. 1
[31] 侯春，吴晓梅．内饰数据控制模型建立及制造中的有关技术问题．汽车工艺与材料，2002．7
[32] Zha X F, etc.Integrated knowledge based assembly sequence planning.Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1998. 1
[33] 唐维俊，吴锡英．计算机辅助装配工艺设计系统研究．计算机集成制造系统，1996．2
[34] 刘强，王匀．汽车装配工艺规划及相关技术的探讨．黑龙江科技学院学报，2001．2
[35] 陈莜俊．提高冲模装配精度的有效途径．模具工业，1996．11
[36] 卢秉恒．机械制造技术基础．机械工业出版社，2005
[37] http://www.itripsh.gov.cn/products_detail.asp?id=591
[38] 汪成为等．灵境(虚拟现实技术)的理论、现实及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．
[39] 范菁，董金详．虚拟环境中的产品装配技术．工程设计，2000．3
[40] Larry Stevens.Virtual Reality Now.MIS Press Inc.,1994
[41] Grigore Burdea, Philippe Coiffet.Virtual Reality Technology.John Wiley&Sons lnc., 1994
[42] 刘国华，姚英学．虚拟装配技术．机械制造，2006．8
[43] Jayaram S,Jayaram U,Wang Y.VADE.Virtual Assembly Design Environment.IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1999.6
[44] Sandy Ressler.Applying Virtual Environments to Manufacturing.National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technical Report,NISTIR 5343
[45] Connacher H,Jayaram S,Lyons K.Virtual Assembly Design Environment.Proceedings of 1995 Computers in Engineering Conference,Boston:MA,Sept. 1999
[46] Holger Scharm,Ralf Breining.Assembly Planning in Virtual Environments.Scenarios and Potentials, 1996.2
[47] Ye N,Banerjee P, Banerjee A.A Comparative Study of Assembly Planning in Traditional and Virtual Environments.IEEE Transactions on System,Man,and Cybernetics-Part C: Applications and Reviews,1999.4
[48] 宁汝新，刘检华，唐承统．数字化制造中的建模和仿真技术．机械工程学报，2006．7
[49] The Boeing-Sikorsky RaH-66 Comanche Stealth Helicopter Information on the RAH-66 Stealth Comanche helicopter and the stealth technology used in it[OL].http://www.abovetopsecret.com/pages/Comanche.html[2005-01-12]
[50] 张国军，邵新宁，蔡力钢等．工艺信息建模及其工艺设计中的应用．机械与电子2000．1
[2] 田玉冬，朱新坚，曹广益．电动汽车的动力电池技术．移动电源与车辆，2003．3
[3] Chritian Fellner, John Newman.High-power batteries for use in hybrid vehicles.Joural of Power Sources,2000,85.
[4] 宋文生，李磊，王宇新．燃料电池汽车氢源．汽车工程，2003．4
[5] 张俊智，王丽芳等．纯氢燃料电池汽车性能的仿真．汽车工程，2001．6
[6] 张华民，明平文，邢丹敏．质子交换膜燃料电池的发展现状．当代化工，2001．1
[7] 氢能源时代将到来—新一代燃料电池车．AUTOCAR轿车情报，2003．1
[8] G. G. Harding.Electric Vehicles in the Next Millemium.Journal of Power Sources, 1999.78
[9] 林珏．新世纪世界汽车业的发展趋势．上海经济研究，2001．12
[10] 宋文生，李磊等．燃料电池汽车研发现状及发展前景．天津汽车，2003．1
[11] 宏湖．燃料电池车的发展动向．AUTOCAR轿车情报，2005．1
[12] 陈敬国．大型冲压模具快速开发技术．科技成果信息月报，2006．12
[13] eM-Assembler Object Manual Version 6.1.1
[14] 郑祖庆．氢燃料电池车．城市公用事业，2002．3
[15] 李虹玉．燃料电池混合动力车的开发．轻型汽车技术，2002．11
[16] 汪植亮，吴宪．燃料电池轿车总布置的参数化设计．上海汽车，2005．5
[17] 吴宪．燃料电池车各种装置的模块化设计．汽车工程，2002．3
[18] 刘检化，姚珺，宁汝新．虚拟装配工艺规划实现技术研究．机械工程学报，2004．6
[19] 沈中伟．装配CAPP中零部件自动装配顺序的确定．浙江工程学院学报，1994．1
[20] E. Eussman E.L enzM.Shpitalni An approach to the automatic assembly planning.Annals of the CIRP,1990.1
[21] 李硕，栗新．机械制造工艺基础．国防工业出版社，2006
[22] 高传玉．产品设计中装配工艺性的分析研究．江苏理工大学学报：自然科学版，1994．6
[23] John R Coleman.Mechanical Assembly.Assembly Engineering, 1988.9
[24] Little and A.Hemmings.Scheduling Automated Assembly system.Assembly Automation, 1993.4
[25] Boothroyd G.Product design for manufacture and assembly.Computer-Aided Design, 1994,7.
[26] Lasserre J B.An integrated model for job-shop planning and scheduling.Management Science, 1992.8
[27] Cho K K,Oh J S,Ryu K R,Choi H R.An Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling System for Block Assembly in Shipbuilding.Annals of the CIRP,1998.1
[28] Mo J Z,Cai J G.DFA-oriented assembly relation modeling.International Journal of Integrated Manufacturing, 1999,3
[29] http://www.cavtc.net/jpkc/site-jxzzjs/sp/pdf/54.pdf
[30] G. Dini,M.Santoch.Automated sequencing and subassembly detection in assembly planning.Annals of the CIRP,1992. 1
[31] 侯春，吴晓梅．内饰数据控制模型建立及制造中的有关技术问题．汽车工艺与材料，2002．7
[32] Zha X F, etc.Integrated knowledge based assembly sequence planning.Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1998. 1
[33] 唐维俊，吴锡英．计算机辅助装配工艺设计系统研究．计算机集成制造系统，1996．2
[34] 刘强，王匀．汽车装配工艺规划及相关技术的探讨．黑龙江科技学院学报，2001．2
[35] 陈莜俊．提高冲模装配精度的有效途径．模具工业，1996．11
[36] 卢秉恒．机械制造技术基础．机械工业出版社，2005
[37] http://www.itripsh.gov.cn/products_detail.asp?id=591
[38] 汪成为等．灵境(虚拟现实技术)的理论、现实及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．
[39] 范菁，董金详．虚拟环境中的产品装配技术．工程设计，2000．3
[40] Larry Stevens.Virtual Reality Now.MIS Press Inc.,1994
[41] Grigore Burdea, Philippe Coiffet.Virtual Reality Technology.John Wiley&Sons lnc., 1994
[42] 刘国华，姚英学．虚拟装配技术．机械制造，2006．8
[43] Jayaram S,Jayaram U,Wang Y.VADE.Virtual Assembly Design Environment.IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1999.6
[44] Sandy Ressler.Applying Virtual Environments to Manufacturing.National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technical Report,NISTIR 5343
[45] Connacher H,Jayaram S,Lyons K.Virtual Assembly Design Environment.Proceedings of 1995 Computers in Engineering Conference,Boston:MA,Sept. 1999
[46] Holger Scharm,Ralf Breining.Assembly Planning in Virtual Environments.Scenarios and Potentials, 1996.2
[47] Ye N,Banerjee P, Banerjee A.A Comparative Study of Assembly Planning in Traditional and Virtual Environments.IEEE Transactions on System,Man,and Cybernetics-Part C: Applications and Reviews,1999.4
[48] 宁汝新，刘检华，唐承统．数字化制造中的建模和仿真技术．机械工程学报，2006．7
[49] The Boeing-Sikorsky RaH-66 Comanche Stealth Helicopter Information on the RAH-66 Stealth Comanche helicopter and the stealth technology used in it[OL].http://www.abovetopsecret.com/pages/Comanche.html[2005-01-12]
[50] 张国军，邵新宁，蔡力钢等．工艺信息建模及其工艺设计中的应用．机械与电子2000．1