阿尔金山东段喀腊达坂铅锌矿床地质特征及成因初探
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摘要
矿床与构造的关系是地质科学研究的基本内容之一。板块构造演化的不同阶段和不同构造单元与不同的矿床成因类型的关系成为当前国际地学研究最新进展；构造对火山沉积成因矿床的控制作用主要体现在火山沉积的古构造环境、沉积后构造(热液)的叠加矿化及破坏作用等方面。
喀腊达坂地区位于塔里木地块东南缘阿尔金山东段红柳沟—拉配泉奥陶纪裂谷带的中部,北东向阿尔金走滑断裂北侧与东西向阿尔金北缘断裂所夹持的区域。该区自上世纪90年代中期以来,取得了地质找矿重大进展。
喀腊达坂铅锌矿是该区唯一达到大型规模而矿床地质研究处于空白的铅锌多金属矿床,因此选择其作为研究对象,开展以研究构造与铅锌矿成矿关系为主题的硕士论文研究工作,对查清该地区成矿大地构造环境、火山沉积后构造变形对铅锌矿的控制作用,探讨铅锌矿床成因具有重要意义。
本文在前人工作基础上,通过详细的野外地质调查与观测,有选择地开展重点解剖和室内测试,对喀腊达坂铅锌矿的成矿大地构造背景、矿床地质特征和成因开展了初步研究,取得的主要成果和新认识如下：
1.在大地构造背景分析基础上,通过火山岩的岩石地球化学研究火山沉积古构造环境,认为外围中基性火山岩属于高钾高铁偏碱性系列岩浆岩,具有以幔源为主,受到地壳较强烈的混染作用,属于岛弧岩浆型,具有拉斑系列火山弧玄武岩性质,其形成为大洋板块俯冲作用有关的熔融成因；而矿区中酸性火山岩属于高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩,具有板内岩浆岩的构造环境属性,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧靠近古陆壳一侧的大地构造环境。
2.阐述了喀腊达坂铅锌矿的矿床地质特征,认为矿化带和矿体总体具有似层状展布、规模大、延伸稳定等特点,受火山岩特定的层位和岩性控制,矿化发育于上寒武统卓阿布拉克组第四岩性段内,以中酸性晶屑凝灰岩为最主要含矿岩性；矿石有用组分以锌为主,铅、铜、金共生,其中闪锌矿中金元素含量非常高。矿石具有微晶结晶结构,浸染状和块状构造为主
3.初步分析了构造与喀腊达坂铅锌矿的矿床的关系,认为岛弧古构造环境控制了含矿火山地层(及沉积矿体)的形成和范围,褶皱构造控制了含矿火山岩(及沉积矿体)的分布,变质变形构造对矿化的叠加改造作用不太明显,后期北西向脆性断裂右行断错破坏了矿化带和矿体的延伸。
4.以稳定同位素和稀土元素、微量元素的示踪效应研究为基础,通过对比区域构造背景和目前国内外典型的与火山岩有关的铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征,初步探讨喀腊达坂铅锌矿床成因,认为属于火山岩型块状硫化物型(VMS)大类中的岛弧火山型块状硫化物型亚类；通过外围火山岩年龄和区域成矿作用年代学对比,结合地质分析推测矿床形成时代为早古生代中期(约500-510Ma左右)。
The relationship between deposit and geological structure is one of the basic scientific research problems. The relationship of plate tectonic evolution stages, different tectonic units, and different genetic type of ore deposit becomes the latest development of international geoscince research. That constructions' controlling of the volcanic sedimentary deposit mainly reflects in the tectonic setting of ancient vocanic deposits, post-depositional structures'(hydrothermal) and destructive superimposition of mineralization, etc..
Kaladaban area is in the central of Hongliugou-Lapeiquan Ordovician rift zone which lies in the southeast margin of Tarim block. It is clamped by NE Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault and EW Altyn northern margin fault. The geological prospecting in this area progresses greatly since mid-90s in this area.
Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is the only large deposit in this area while with no geological research, so this paper chooses it as its target, to examine the relationship between structure and Pb-Zn deposit metallogenic which is of great significance on the identification of mineralization tectonic environment and the genesis of Pb-Zn deposit.
This paper carries out detailed field investigation and observation, a selective indoor testing and analyzing based on previous work which leads to some new understandings of the following:
1.After analysing of volcanic rock geochemistry combining with tectonic setting, this paper believes that the external mafic-intermediate volcanic rock is alkali magmatic rock with high potassium-iron alkaline properties. It is mainly mantle derived by crust contamination and oceanic plate subduction lead to the melting. Intermediate volcanic rocks in the area are of magmatic rock properties. It is in the side of the tectonic environment which is formed in an oceanic island arc subduction zone near the ancient continental crust.
2.The paper described the geological features of Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit. Its mineralized zone and the ore body extend along the layer, controlled by particular layer and lithology. The mineralization developed in the Upper Cambrian lithologic Zhuoabulake Group 4, which is mainly acid crystal tuff. The main useful components of ore are zinc, lead, copper and gold, while sphalerite is rich in gold. There mainly are microcrystalline, disseminated and massive structures.
3.A preliminary analysis of the structure and Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit has been got. The ancient island arc-tectonic setting controls ore-bearing volcanic strata's (and sedimentary ore body) formation and scope. The fold controls ore-containing volcanic rocks'(and sedimentary ore body) distribution. The metamorphism and deformation structure do little with mineralizations superimposes and reformation. The late NW brittle fracture cut the orebody with its dextral strike-slip.
4.With the analysis of stable isotopes, rare earth elements and trace elements, by comparing the regional tectonic setting and typical volcanic-related Pb-Zn deposits, the initial genetic analysis is as follows:Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is of island arc volcanic massive sulphide-type, which belongs to volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) categories. Combining with periphery volcanic age and regional mineralization volcanic chronology contrast, this paper believe the deposit is formed in the mid-Early Paleozoic (about 500～510Ma or so) with geological analysis.
喀腊达坂地区位于塔里木地块东南缘阿尔金山东段红柳沟—拉配泉奥陶纪裂谷带的中部,北东向阿尔金走滑断裂北侧与东西向阿尔金北缘断裂所夹持的区域。该区自上世纪90年代中期以来,取得了地质找矿重大进展。
喀腊达坂铅锌矿是该区唯一达到大型规模而矿床地质研究处于空白的铅锌多金属矿床,因此选择其作为研究对象,开展以研究构造与铅锌矿成矿关系为主题的硕士论文研究工作,对查清该地区成矿大地构造环境、火山沉积后构造变形对铅锌矿的控制作用,探讨铅锌矿床成因具有重要意义。
本文在前人工作基础上,通过详细的野外地质调查与观测,有选择地开展重点解剖和室内测试,对喀腊达坂铅锌矿的成矿大地构造背景、矿床地质特征和成因开展了初步研究,取得的主要成果和新认识如下：
1.在大地构造背景分析基础上,通过火山岩的岩石地球化学研究火山沉积古构造环境,认为外围中基性火山岩属于高钾高铁偏碱性系列岩浆岩,具有以幔源为主,受到地壳较强烈的混染作用,属于岛弧岩浆型,具有拉斑系列火山弧玄武岩性质,其形成为大洋板块俯冲作用有关的熔融成因；而矿区中酸性火山岩属于高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩,具有板内岩浆岩的构造环境属性,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧靠近古陆壳一侧的大地构造环境。
2.阐述了喀腊达坂铅锌矿的矿床地质特征,认为矿化带和矿体总体具有似层状展布、规模大、延伸稳定等特点,受火山岩特定的层位和岩性控制,矿化发育于上寒武统卓阿布拉克组第四岩性段内,以中酸性晶屑凝灰岩为最主要含矿岩性；矿石有用组分以锌为主,铅、铜、金共生,其中闪锌矿中金元素含量非常高。矿石具有微晶结晶结构,浸染状和块状构造为主
3.初步分析了构造与喀腊达坂铅锌矿的矿床的关系,认为岛弧古构造环境控制了含矿火山地层(及沉积矿体)的形成和范围,褶皱构造控制了含矿火山岩(及沉积矿体)的分布,变质变形构造对矿化的叠加改造作用不太明显,后期北西向脆性断裂右行断错破坏了矿化带和矿体的延伸。
4.以稳定同位素和稀土元素、微量元素的示踪效应研究为基础,通过对比区域构造背景和目前国内外典型的与火山岩有关的铅锌矿床的地质地球化学特征,初步探讨喀腊达坂铅锌矿床成因,认为属于火山岩型块状硫化物型(VMS)大类中的岛弧火山型块状硫化物型亚类；通过外围火山岩年龄和区域成矿作用年代学对比,结合地质分析推测矿床形成时代为早古生代中期(约500-510Ma左右)。
The relationship between deposit and geological structure is one of the basic scientific research problems. The relationship of plate tectonic evolution stages, different tectonic units, and different genetic type of ore deposit becomes the latest development of international geoscince research. That constructions' controlling of the volcanic sedimentary deposit mainly reflects in the tectonic setting of ancient vocanic deposits, post-depositional structures'(hydrothermal) and destructive superimposition of mineralization, etc..
Kaladaban area is in the central of Hongliugou-Lapeiquan Ordovician rift zone which lies in the southeast margin of Tarim block. It is clamped by NE Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault and EW Altyn northern margin fault. The geological prospecting in this area progresses greatly since mid-90s in this area.
Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is the only large deposit in this area while with no geological research, so this paper chooses it as its target, to examine the relationship between structure and Pb-Zn deposit metallogenic which is of great significance on the identification of mineralization tectonic environment and the genesis of Pb-Zn deposit.
This paper carries out detailed field investigation and observation, a selective indoor testing and analyzing based on previous work which leads to some new understandings of the following:
1.After analysing of volcanic rock geochemistry combining with tectonic setting, this paper believes that the external mafic-intermediate volcanic rock is alkali magmatic rock with high potassium-iron alkaline properties. It is mainly mantle derived by crust contamination and oceanic plate subduction lead to the melting. Intermediate volcanic rocks in the area are of magmatic rock properties. It is in the side of the tectonic environment which is formed in an oceanic island arc subduction zone near the ancient continental crust.
2.The paper described the geological features of Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit. Its mineralized zone and the ore body extend along the layer, controlled by particular layer and lithology. The mineralization developed in the Upper Cambrian lithologic Zhuoabulake Group 4, which is mainly acid crystal tuff. The main useful components of ore are zinc, lead, copper and gold, while sphalerite is rich in gold. There mainly are microcrystalline, disseminated and massive structures.
3.A preliminary analysis of the structure and Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit has been got. The ancient island arc-tectonic setting controls ore-bearing volcanic strata's (and sedimentary ore body) formation and scope. The fold controls ore-containing volcanic rocks'(and sedimentary ore body) distribution. The metamorphism and deformation structure do little with mineralizations superimposes and reformation. The late NW brittle fracture cut the orebody with its dextral strike-slip.
4.With the analysis of stable isotopes, rare earth elements and trace elements, by comparing the regional tectonic setting and typical volcanic-related Pb-Zn deposits, the initial genetic analysis is as follows:Kaladaban Pb-Zn deposit is of island arc volcanic massive sulphide-type, which belongs to volcanic massive sulfide (VMS) categories. Combining with periphery volcanic age and regional mineralization volcanic chronology contrast, this paper believe the deposit is formed in the mid-Early Paleozoic (about 500～510Ma or so) with geological analysis.
引文
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