强震作用下钢框架焊接节点损伤性能和计算模型研究
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摘要
随着我国高层和超高层建筑的大量兴建，钢框架结构因抗震性能好、施工简便等优点，得到了广泛的应用。震害调查表明，强震下高层钢框架结构的梁柱节点最易发生焊缝或热影响区断裂破坏，造成结构的倒塌或损坏。但目前工程界缺少系统的理论和计算方法分析钢框架梁柱节点的损伤，因此高层钢结构的抗震设计难以考虑节点损伤的影响。
本文通过对钢框架焊接节点焊缝区域和节点整体的试验研究，分析了节点焊缝开裂和整体性能损伤的物理机理，研究了适用于焊接节点开裂和损伤分析的有限元方法及损伤演化方程，并提出了考虑损伤过程的焊接节点简化计算模型。主要内容包括：
（1）完成了20个梁柱节点焊缝区域局部试件的单向拉伸和循环加载试验，研究了材料强度、几何参数和加载方式等因素对节点焊缝区域损伤性能的影响。
（2）运用ABAQUS对节点焊缝区域进行了有限元计算，分析了梁柱焊缝断裂的力学机理，验证了基于塑性应变指标的损伤演化方程。
（3）完成了9个栓-焊混接节点的循环加载试验，研究了不同加载历程、峰值强度等因素对节点损伤过程的影响，分析了节点损伤的特点，并采用目前主流的三种损伤演化方程对试验结果进行了比较分析。
（4）基于金属延性断裂理论定义了可用于节点损伤过程分析的“有效塑性应变”指标，并推导了可用于计算节点在极低周循环荷载下开裂和损伤过程的损伤演化方程。
（5）提出了分析循环荷载下节点裂缝发展和损伤全过程的有限元方法，并开发了相关程序，对节点试验结果进行了验证。
（6）提出了用于节点损伤简化计算的宏观指标“有效塑性转角”，建立了考虑损伤的钢框架梁柱焊接节点骨架曲线及滞回曲线的简化计算模型，并通过其他研究者的试验数据进行了验证，结果证明此计算模型能够简洁、准确的计算钢框架梁柱焊接节点的损伤和性能退化滞回曲线。
（7）提出了将考虑损伤的节点计算模型用于框架整体非线性动力时程分析的方法，并开发了相关程序。
The steel moment resisting frame is widely used in high-rise buildings asits higher strength, better aseismic performance and easier manufacturecompared to the concrete structure. However, in Northridge and Kobeearthquake a number of welded connections in steel frames were found crackingat welds, resulting in the frame damage or collapse. A majority of the researcheson steel welded connections focus on the materials and construction detailsrather than the damage theory and calculation method, so the influence of theconnection damage is hardly taken into account in the aseismic design ofhigh-rise steel buildings.
In this paper, two tests focusing on welds and full-scale connectionsseparately are conducted. The damage mechanism and finite element analysismethodology are studied. Finally a simplified calculation model is proposed forthe damage process of the welded connections. The main contents aresummarized as follows:
1.20specimens originating from the welding zone of the bottom beamflange are tested under monotonic and cyclic loads, studying the influences ofthe material strength, geometry parameters and loading procedures on theconnection damage behavior.
2. The finite element analyses are used to investigate the crack mechanismof the connection welds and the damage evolution equation based on the plasticstrain is proved to be credible.
3.9full-scale welded flange-bolted web connections are tested undercyclic loads to investigate the effects of different loading procedures and peakloads for connection damage. The damage characters are concluded and threetypes of damage models are used to analyze the test results.
4. Based on the metal ductile tearing theory, the “effective plastic strain” isproposed to describe the connection damage behavior. The evolution equationfor connection damage under cyclic loads is derived.
5. The finite element method analyzing the connection cracking anddamage process under cyclic loads is proposed and the subroutine used inABAQUS is developed. The finite element analyses are checked by the testresults.
6. The indicator “effective plastic rotation” is proposed for the simplifiedmodel of welded connections based on the effective plastic strain. Thesimplified model for backbone and hysteretic curves of connections is derivedand verified with other experimental data. The comparison between thecalculation results and test data reveals that the damage model proposed in thispaper is favorable for predicting the damage behaviors of welded connectionsunder cyclic loads.
7. A method for the non-linear dynamic analyses of steel frames usingdamage model of weled connections is explored and verified. The subrountie isdeveloped based on the damage model proposed in this paper.
本文通过对钢框架焊接节点焊缝区域和节点整体的试验研究，分析了节点焊缝开裂和整体性能损伤的物理机理，研究了适用于焊接节点开裂和损伤分析的有限元方法及损伤演化方程，并提出了考虑损伤过程的焊接节点简化计算模型。主要内容包括：
（1）完成了20个梁柱节点焊缝区域局部试件的单向拉伸和循环加载试验，研究了材料强度、几何参数和加载方式等因素对节点焊缝区域损伤性能的影响。
（2）运用ABAQUS对节点焊缝区域进行了有限元计算，分析了梁柱焊缝断裂的力学机理，验证了基于塑性应变指标的损伤演化方程。
（3）完成了9个栓-焊混接节点的循环加载试验，研究了不同加载历程、峰值强度等因素对节点损伤过程的影响，分析了节点损伤的特点，并采用目前主流的三种损伤演化方程对试验结果进行了比较分析。
（4）基于金属延性断裂理论定义了可用于节点损伤过程分析的“有效塑性应变”指标，并推导了可用于计算节点在极低周循环荷载下开裂和损伤过程的损伤演化方程。
（5）提出了分析循环荷载下节点裂缝发展和损伤全过程的有限元方法，并开发了相关程序，对节点试验结果进行了验证。
（6）提出了用于节点损伤简化计算的宏观指标“有效塑性转角”，建立了考虑损伤的钢框架梁柱焊接节点骨架曲线及滞回曲线的简化计算模型，并通过其他研究者的试验数据进行了验证，结果证明此计算模型能够简洁、准确的计算钢框架梁柱焊接节点的损伤和性能退化滞回曲线。
（7）提出了将考虑损伤的节点计算模型用于框架整体非线性动力时程分析的方法，并开发了相关程序。
The steel moment resisting frame is widely used in high-rise buildings asits higher strength, better aseismic performance and easier manufacturecompared to the concrete structure. However, in Northridge and Kobeearthquake a number of welded connections in steel frames were found crackingat welds, resulting in the frame damage or collapse. A majority of the researcheson steel welded connections focus on the materials and construction detailsrather than the damage theory and calculation method, so the influence of theconnection damage is hardly taken into account in the aseismic design ofhigh-rise steel buildings.
In this paper, two tests focusing on welds and full-scale connectionsseparately are conducted. The damage mechanism and finite element analysismethodology are studied. Finally a simplified calculation model is proposed forthe damage process of the welded connections. The main contents aresummarized as follows:
1.20specimens originating from the welding zone of the bottom beamflange are tested under monotonic and cyclic loads, studying the influences ofthe material strength, geometry parameters and loading procedures on theconnection damage behavior.
2. The finite element analyses are used to investigate the crack mechanismof the connection welds and the damage evolution equation based on the plasticstrain is proved to be credible.
3.9full-scale welded flange-bolted web connections are tested undercyclic loads to investigate the effects of different loading procedures and peakloads for connection damage. The damage characters are concluded and threetypes of damage models are used to analyze the test results.
4. Based on the metal ductile tearing theory, the “effective plastic strain” isproposed to describe the connection damage behavior. The evolution equationfor connection damage under cyclic loads is derived.
5. The finite element method analyzing the connection cracking anddamage process under cyclic loads is proposed and the subroutine used inABAQUS is developed. The finite element analyses are checked by the testresults.
6. The indicator “effective plastic rotation” is proposed for the simplifiedmodel of welded connections based on the effective plastic strain. Thesimplified model for backbone and hysteretic curves of connections is derivedand verified with other experimental data. The comparison between thecalculation results and test data reveals that the damage model proposed in thispaper is favorable for predicting the damage behaviors of welded connectionsunder cyclic loads.
7. A method for the non-linear dynamic analyses of steel frames usingdamage model of weled connections is explored and verified. The subrountie isdeveloped based on the damage model proposed in this paper.
引文
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