杨凌示范区垃圾处理场设计方案研究
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摘要
环境保护问题是21世纪人类面临的世界性难题,而城市生活垃圾处理问题则是环保问题中的重要组成部分,并已成为当今世界最严重的公害之一。及时清理和处理城市生活垃圾,是建设优美、整洁、文明的现代化城市不可缺少的条件。本文介绍了生活垃圾的三项主要处理技术,即填埋、堆肥和焚烧技术在国际、国内的应用情况,旨在通过对发达国家和国内发达城市生活垃圾处理的现状分析,着力于杨凌示范区的实际情况和问题所在,对杨凌示范区的城市生活垃圾处理场的设计方案进行研究,根据示范区城市生活垃圾的特点,提出了示范区垃圾的“四化”处理新思路,“四化”即分选自动化、设备国产化、资源利用高效化、污染物排放最小化,使垃圾综合处理技术得到充分利用。首先,采用垃圾自动分选机使有机垃圾和无机垃圾分离,并全部回收垃圾中有用固体物质(如金属、塑料、玻璃、橡胶等);第二,对分离出的有机物(菜叶、剩余食物、泥尘、中药药渣等)进行55℃高温厌氧发酵得到沼气和残渣,化害为利,沼气经脱硫处理后用作厂区锅炉及隧道窑车间烧结建筑用砖的燃料及附近居民生产生活用气,残渣本身是很好的有机肥料。无机物垃圾—砖渣、水泥块及炉渣等,经过二级粉碎及干燥后与粘土按一定的比例混合烧制成建筑用砖,削减最终污染物。第三,为了解决垃圾处理过程中的有害物质对环境产生的二次污染,本设计方案引进了等离子体废物处理系统(PWC)和电子微尘截至系统(EDPC),在处理过程中灰尘源的上方均安装有电子微尘截至系统。在易产生恶臭和有害气体的部位均安装有等离子体废物处理系统(管道),以净化空气。比较彻底消除了倾倒垃圾时产生的恶臭、灰尘及其它有害气体,减少了废气和病菌的扩散。最大化的实现生活垃圾“减量化、资源化、无害化”。第四,通过综合经济评价,得出了按照本设计工艺方案建设,总投资2503万元,年平均利润总额为277.84万元,静态投资回收期(Pt)9.3年,为杨凌示范区采用BOT融资方式建设垃圾处理厂提供了科学依据。本设计方案研究得到了杨凌示范区管委会规划建设和环保部门的较高评价,部分工艺、建筑设计方案已被作为杨凌示范区的垃圾处理厂设计建设的重要参考依据。
As a key part of the tough question of environment protection challenging human being in the 21-century, how to dispose municipal solid waste has become one of the troublesome tasks. And we must dispose municipal solid waste immediately, because it’s necessary to build a beautiful, clean, civilized and modern city. The study mainly introduces three primary technologies of living-rubbish, including the applicated status of landfill, composting and incineration at home and abroad. Analyzing disposal living-rubbish’s actuality of developed country and modern city at home, also base on the practical situation and questions of Yangling Demonstration ZONE, we had a design for the living-rubbish of city at Yangling Demonstration ZONE. According as the characteristic of the Yangling urban household refuse, this paper made a new suggestion which be called“four spheres”,such as classified collection of the refuses, equipment of domestic, reclamation of solid wastes and minimize for discharge of pollutants, in order to use the municipal solid waste highly. First, organic refuse and inorganic rubbish were separated by Refuse automatic sub-machine, and recovered all the useful solid material (such as metal, plastic, glass, rubber and old furniture and so on). Second, the separation of organic (such as cabbage leaves, surplus food, dust, and Chinese medicine sediment and so on) would anaerobic fermentation in 55℃high temperature; the product is methane and residues. Methane can be used as boilers and Construction tiling fuel and living gas, and residues are good organic fertilizers. The material after inorganic rubbish-brick slag, cement and blast etc was crushed with grades 2 and dried, could be manufactured into brick with clay in accordance with a certain proportion, so this way could reduce contaminants. Third, the design imported plasma waste treatment system (PWC) and electronic dust off system (EDPC) in order to address the process of handling hazardous substances on the environment as a secondary pollution. All the up of dust sources is installed with EDPC when processing, and the parts which be easy to produce foul and harmful gas are installed with PWC in order to clean air. As the result, this way basically eliminated stench of municipal solid waste, dust and harmful gas, also prevented the Emissions and bacteria spread. So it achieve“reduction, resource and innocuousness”maximum, Fourth, through comprehensive economic evaluation, the results showed that the design total investment was 25,030,000 yuan and average year total profit was 2,778,400 yuan and passive investment recovery was 9.3 years. It provided scientific basis for contributing waste disposal factory with BOT Financing way for Yangling Demonstration ZONE. Planning and construction unit and Environmental Protection Agency of Yangling Demonstration ZONE evaluated this design highly, and part process and design was used as important frame of reference for contributing waste disposal factory of Yangling Demonstration ZONE.
As a key part of the tough question of environment protection challenging human being in the 21-century, how to dispose municipal solid waste has become one of the troublesome tasks. And we must dispose municipal solid waste immediately, because it’s necessary to build a beautiful, clean, civilized and modern city. The study mainly introduces three primary technologies of living-rubbish, including the applicated status of landfill, composting and incineration at home and abroad. Analyzing disposal living-rubbish’s actuality of developed country and modern city at home, also base on the practical situation and questions of Yangling Demonstration ZONE, we had a design for the living-rubbish of city at Yangling Demonstration ZONE. According as the characteristic of the Yangling urban household refuse, this paper made a new suggestion which be called“four spheres”,such as classified collection of the refuses, equipment of domestic, reclamation of solid wastes and minimize for discharge of pollutants, in order to use the municipal solid waste highly. First, organic refuse and inorganic rubbish were separated by Refuse automatic sub-machine, and recovered all the useful solid material (such as metal, plastic, glass, rubber and old furniture and so on). Second, the separation of organic (such as cabbage leaves, surplus food, dust, and Chinese medicine sediment and so on) would anaerobic fermentation in 55℃high temperature; the product is methane and residues. Methane can be used as boilers and Construction tiling fuel and living gas, and residues are good organic fertilizers. The material after inorganic rubbish-brick slag, cement and blast etc was crushed with grades 2 and dried, could be manufactured into brick with clay in accordance with a certain proportion, so this way could reduce contaminants. Third, the design imported plasma waste treatment system (PWC) and electronic dust off system (EDPC) in order to address the process of handling hazardous substances on the environment as a secondary pollution. All the up of dust sources is installed with EDPC when processing, and the parts which be easy to produce foul and harmful gas are installed with PWC in order to clean air. As the result, this way basically eliminated stench of municipal solid waste, dust and harmful gas, also prevented the Emissions and bacteria spread. So it achieve“reduction, resource and innocuousness”maximum, Fourth, through comprehensive economic evaluation, the results showed that the design total investment was 25,030,000 yuan and average year total profit was 2,778,400 yuan and passive investment recovery was 9.3 years. It provided scientific basis for contributing waste disposal factory with BOT Financing way for Yangling Demonstration ZONE. Planning and construction unit and Environmental Protection Agency of Yangling Demonstration ZONE evaluated this design highly, and part process and design was used as important frame of reference for contributing waste disposal factory of Yangling Demonstration ZONE.
引文
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