科技园区与区域发展
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摘要
科学园区的发展并非凭空且闭锁式的内生发展,需要有周边的都会联结以及产业关联的协助,科学园区为一种特殊型态的工业区,不单只是因其为国家所主导开发,也在于其独特开发背景与组成(Shin,2001)。目前科学园区与区域经济发展研究上,多以科学园区为主要研究对象,而新型态产业能在不同经济部门内与跨部门的厂商间产生紧密的联结网络(Marshall,1988),进而促进彼此的交流与学习,驱动地方及区域的发展。
新竹科学园区的设置已近二十年,其开发建设、产业环境与都市发展,已受到经济学者与空间规划者的关注,对其发展成效与策略性功能提出研究。就科学园区的经济发展层面而言,大都抱持正面与肯定的态度,但在园区功能与地区空间结构发展的评论上,其对地方发展的影响除有正面称赞外,负面批评的论点,亦渐浮现;基于科学工业园区设置对社会经济影响或大区域发展之研究已相当多,但对空间影响探究与问题之论述较缺乏。因此,科学工业园区设置对外围地区人口空间分布变化、住宅小区分布变化,以及成长管理措施应用于外围地区之影响,将是本研究探讨的重点。
由于集成电路产业为台湾地区年产值最高之产业,不仅已成为主要经济来源,更带动其它相关产业升级,其中新竹科学园区的帮助可说是非常重要,并且在园区集成电路产业引入下,造成地方产业结构的改变。但此生产空间的演变过程以及带动创新、研发活动的合作、竞争行为与生产网络间之发展互动关系,此些议题是相关研究所缺乏探讨。是故本研究藉由新竹地区的研发、创新活动剖析,配合地方基础设施之调查,以厂商生产的投入与产出之金额、创新活动与获利成正相关的假设,利用多元回归分析探究新竹地区集成电路产业地方生产网络链接之关系。在实证结果方面显示,新竹地区集成电路产业网络与地方链接不明显,而其产值与研究经费与技术移转方面呈现正相关,因此显现集成电路产业在产品生命周期不断缩减之未来,藉由园区内集成电路厂商衍生至周边工业区,以及园区厂商不断地更新,将有助于科技产业与厂商的新陈代谢以及地区竞争优势的维持。因此,本研究之目的有二:
(一)透过人口空间分布与小区分布变化之分析,了解科学工业园区设置对周边地区空间结构变迁的主要影响,除可做为周边地区相关问题之解决基础外,亦可做为台南科学园区未来发展之参酌。
(二)由于科学园区、乃至科学城欲与周边地区和谐发展,需对整体地区提出一套合理而有力的土地利用计划与成长管理系统;于是本研究经由探讨现阶段成长管理措施之初期调查分析,研拟园区再设置以及园区与周边地区较适发展之策略。
Science park needs related assistance of surrounding areas and industries, because it had promoted development of country, and formed unique context and composition (Shin, 2001). Most literatures have examined linkage networks between different forms of economic sectors and intersectors (Marshall, 1988).
Hsin-Chu science-based industry park has been established for almost twenty years. Many issues which include the development, industry and urban environment are discussed by economist and planner. One aspect of the economic impact, most of researches approve of the development of the Hsin-Chu science-based industry park in regional prosperity. The other aspect of the spatial structure impact, besides the approval, there are a few comments which are negative gradually.
In the past, there are many researches which discuss the social and economic impact of the establishment of Hsin-Chu science-based industry park or the relationship between regions and science park. However, there are few research to discuss the spatial issues and spatial impact. Therefore, this research will discuss the spatial structure changing of the population distribution and community, and the impact of the growth management policy setting on the park's neighborhood after the establishment of the Hsin-Chu science-based industry park.
I.C. industry is the highest industry in the year produced-valve of Taiwan. Not only it became the most economic source, it also promoted to go up other related industries grade, among Hsin-chu science-based industrial park's is very important. And introduced by IC of Hsin-chu Science-Based park, it caused change about the local industry system. But the variant process in producing space and promoting innovation, cooperating research activities, the relationship between competitive behavior and development in production network, these subjects of debate are lacking in discussion by correlated research. Therefore this research hopes to look about the relationship between Hsin-Chu Integrated Circuits industry and local production network by the research and development, analysis of innovated activities and local foundation's investigation matched.
This research has two purposes as the following statement :
1. To understand the key factors and issues of the neighborhood spatial changing after the establishment of the Hsin-Chu science-based industry park, via the analysis of the changing of the population and community. It is not only the basis to solute the relative problems, but also the references to set up the Tainan science-based industry park.
2. If the development process of the science park or the science city will succeed, it must have the power and capacity to develop a regional land use plan and growth management system. So this research will propose the development strategies between science park and neighborhood area in terms of the analysis of the existed growth management policy.
新竹科学园区的设置已近二十年,其开发建设、产业环境与都市发展,已受到经济学者与空间规划者的关注,对其发展成效与策略性功能提出研究。就科学园区的经济发展层面而言,大都抱持正面与肯定的态度,但在园区功能与地区空间结构发展的评论上,其对地方发展的影响除有正面称赞外,负面批评的论点,亦渐浮现;基于科学工业园区设置对社会经济影响或大区域发展之研究已相当多,但对空间影响探究与问题之论述较缺乏。因此,科学工业园区设置对外围地区人口空间分布变化、住宅小区分布变化,以及成长管理措施应用于外围地区之影响,将是本研究探讨的重点。
由于集成电路产业为台湾地区年产值最高之产业,不仅已成为主要经济来源,更带动其它相关产业升级,其中新竹科学园区的帮助可说是非常重要,并且在园区集成电路产业引入下,造成地方产业结构的改变。但此生产空间的演变过程以及带动创新、研发活动的合作、竞争行为与生产网络间之发展互动关系,此些议题是相关研究所缺乏探讨。是故本研究藉由新竹地区的研发、创新活动剖析,配合地方基础设施之调查,以厂商生产的投入与产出之金额、创新活动与获利成正相关的假设,利用多元回归分析探究新竹地区集成电路产业地方生产网络链接之关系。在实证结果方面显示,新竹地区集成电路产业网络与地方链接不明显,而其产值与研究经费与技术移转方面呈现正相关,因此显现集成电路产业在产品生命周期不断缩减之未来,藉由园区内集成电路厂商衍生至周边工业区,以及园区厂商不断地更新,将有助于科技产业与厂商的新陈代谢以及地区竞争优势的维持。因此,本研究之目的有二:
(一)透过人口空间分布与小区分布变化之分析,了解科学工业园区设置对周边地区空间结构变迁的主要影响,除可做为周边地区相关问题之解决基础外,亦可做为台南科学园区未来发展之参酌。
(二)由于科学园区、乃至科学城欲与周边地区和谐发展,需对整体地区提出一套合理而有力的土地利用计划与成长管理系统;于是本研究经由探讨现阶段成长管理措施之初期调查分析,研拟园区再设置以及园区与周边地区较适发展之策略。
Science park needs related assistance of surrounding areas and industries, because it had promoted development of country, and formed unique context and composition (Shin, 2001). Most literatures have examined linkage networks between different forms of economic sectors and intersectors (Marshall, 1988).
Hsin-Chu science-based industry park has been established for almost twenty years. Many issues which include the development, industry and urban environment are discussed by economist and planner. One aspect of the economic impact, most of researches approve of the development of the Hsin-Chu science-based industry park in regional prosperity. The other aspect of the spatial structure impact, besides the approval, there are a few comments which are negative gradually.
In the past, there are many researches which discuss the social and economic impact of the establishment of Hsin-Chu science-based industry park or the relationship between regions and science park. However, there are few research to discuss the spatial issues and spatial impact. Therefore, this research will discuss the spatial structure changing of the population distribution and community, and the impact of the growth management policy setting on the park's neighborhood after the establishment of the Hsin-Chu science-based industry park.
I.C. industry is the highest industry in the year produced-valve of Taiwan. Not only it became the most economic source, it also promoted to go up other related industries grade, among Hsin-chu science-based industrial park's is very important. And introduced by IC of Hsin-chu Science-Based park, it caused change about the local industry system. But the variant process in producing space and promoting innovation, cooperating research activities, the relationship between competitive behavior and development in production network, these subjects of debate are lacking in discussion by correlated research. Therefore this research hopes to look about the relationship between Hsin-Chu Integrated Circuits industry and local production network by the research and development, analysis of innovated activities and local foundation's investigation matched.
This research has two purposes as the following statement :
1. To understand the key factors and issues of the neighborhood spatial changing after the establishment of the Hsin-Chu science-based industry park, via the analysis of the changing of the population and community. It is not only the basis to solute the relative problems, but also the references to set up the Tainan science-based industry park.
2. If the development process of the science park or the science city will succeed, it must have the power and capacity to develop a regional land use plan and growth management system. So this research will propose the development strategies between science park and neighborhood area in terms of the analysis of the existed growth management policy.
引文
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