技术增长理论与模型研究
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摘要
在全球知识经济增长的现实背景下, 本文从微观层次研究了企业技术最优增长及企业技术投入与劳动、资本投入间的优化配比问题。
首先，在对传统生产函数模型进行考察分析的基础上，对传统生产函数进行了重新定义：(1) 将生产投入的要素归结为劳动、资本、技术和其它生产要素；(2)技术是指生产厂商可以从生产要素市场上获得的、具有一定成本和价格的独立的生产要素；(3) 生产总成本中，不仅包括劳动和资本的投入成本，也包括技术和其它生产要素的成本，因而，技术的增长也是有成本、有代价的。
其次，讨论了技术要素的一般性和特殊性。技术作为独立的生产要素参与生产活动中，其增长变化包括两种情况：一是渐变、连续增长，在此条件下，技术增长遵循像劳动、资本一样的普通生产要素的变化规律；另一种情况是不连续变化、突变，在此条件下，技术增长遵循不同于普通生产要素劳动、资本的变化规律。
第三，构建了技术渐变条件下的最优技术增长率模型。研究了生产要素不同组合条件下，技术适度投入问题；研究了劳动、资本和技术三要素生产函数中，技术增长对劳动和资本的要素替代关系；分析了三要素生产函数的性质；构建了技术连续增长条件下的技术增长率优化理论模型。
第四，构建了技术突变条件下的最优技术增长率模型。将技术作为不同于劳动和资本的特殊生产要素进行考察，即当技术量的积累达到一定程度时，技术增长会产生突变，在此条件下， 运用汤姆突变理论中的尖点突变模型，解释了技术突变现象，讨论了劳动和资本的不同组合变化下，在临界点附近技术突然跃升或下降的突变性质；构建了技术突变完成后的技术增长率优化理论模型。
最后，选取国内某钢铁企业的实际数据，运用所建模型进行实证研究。定量测算了企业技术现实投入与最佳投入之间的技术最优增长率；考察了企业在一定条件下的技术投入水平及开发潜力，从而指导企业的生产和技术管理实践。
At a microscopic sphere, this dissertation mainly concentrates on optimum development of technology in an enterprise, on optimum proportion of investments among technology, labor, and capital.
First, the concept of traditional production function is re-defined, after its mathematical model goes through a further analysis. (1) The key factors of production investment refer to labor, capital, technology and other factors. (2) The term technology refers to those independent production factors which can be acquired in the market of production factors and whose cost and price are locked. (3) Total production costs include not only the costs of labor and capital investments, but also the costs of technology and other production factors. Thus technological growth costs some. It brings some price.
Second, the generality and the specialty of the factor of technology are discussed. As an independent production factor, technology participates in production activities. Its growth includes two kinds of cases. One kind is gradual change or continuous growth. Under this condition, technological growth runs on the same track as other production factors run on. The other kind refers to mutation or discrete change. Under this condition, technical growth runs on a different track from the one on which other production factors, such as labor and capital run.
Third, in the case of gradual technological growth, the mathematical model of the optimum technological growth rate is built. Under different combinations of production factors, the optimum technological investment is studied. Cases in which technological factors take the place of labor and capital factors are analyzed. The attribute of the production function with three factors is analyzed and the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under continuous change is set up.
Fourth, the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under discrete change is erected. Technology is a unique production factor because technological growth experiences a mutation when technological increase accumulates to a certain extent. Under this condition, the point-mutation model in Tom’s mutation theory is applied to explain the phenomenon of technological
mutation, to discuss the attribute of technological mutation at the turning point under different combinations of labor and capital factors, to build the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate after discrete technological change.
Finally, practical data from a steel company in China are utilized with these mathematical models in a positive study. A quantitative computation of the optimum technological growth rate between real investment and optimum investment is carried out. Technological investment level and the potentiality of development under certain conditions in an enterprise are investigated. Consequently, the enterprise’s production and technical management achieve an excellent direction.
首先，在对传统生产函数模型进行考察分析的基础上，对传统生产函数进行了重新定义：(1) 将生产投入的要素归结为劳动、资本、技术和其它生产要素；(2)技术是指生产厂商可以从生产要素市场上获得的、具有一定成本和价格的独立的生产要素；(3) 生产总成本中，不仅包括劳动和资本的投入成本，也包括技术和其它生产要素的成本，因而，技术的增长也是有成本、有代价的。
其次，讨论了技术要素的一般性和特殊性。技术作为独立的生产要素参与生产活动中，其增长变化包括两种情况：一是渐变、连续增长，在此条件下，技术增长遵循像劳动、资本一样的普通生产要素的变化规律；另一种情况是不连续变化、突变，在此条件下，技术增长遵循不同于普通生产要素劳动、资本的变化规律。
第三，构建了技术渐变条件下的最优技术增长率模型。研究了生产要素不同组合条件下，技术适度投入问题；研究了劳动、资本和技术三要素生产函数中，技术增长对劳动和资本的要素替代关系；分析了三要素生产函数的性质；构建了技术连续增长条件下的技术增长率优化理论模型。
第四，构建了技术突变条件下的最优技术增长率模型。将技术作为不同于劳动和资本的特殊生产要素进行考察，即当技术量的积累达到一定程度时，技术增长会产生突变，在此条件下， 运用汤姆突变理论中的尖点突变模型，解释了技术突变现象，讨论了劳动和资本的不同组合变化下，在临界点附近技术突然跃升或下降的突变性质；构建了技术突变完成后的技术增长率优化理论模型。
最后，选取国内某钢铁企业的实际数据，运用所建模型进行实证研究。定量测算了企业技术现实投入与最佳投入之间的技术最优增长率；考察了企业在一定条件下的技术投入水平及开发潜力，从而指导企业的生产和技术管理实践。
At a microscopic sphere, this dissertation mainly concentrates on optimum development of technology in an enterprise, on optimum proportion of investments among technology, labor, and capital.
First, the concept of traditional production function is re-defined, after its mathematical model goes through a further analysis. (1) The key factors of production investment refer to labor, capital, technology and other factors. (2) The term technology refers to those independent production factors which can be acquired in the market of production factors and whose cost and price are locked. (3) Total production costs include not only the costs of labor and capital investments, but also the costs of technology and other production factors. Thus technological growth costs some. It brings some price.
Second, the generality and the specialty of the factor of technology are discussed. As an independent production factor, technology participates in production activities. Its growth includes two kinds of cases. One kind is gradual change or continuous growth. Under this condition, technological growth runs on the same track as other production factors run on. The other kind refers to mutation or discrete change. Under this condition, technical growth runs on a different track from the one on which other production factors, such as labor and capital run.
Third, in the case of gradual technological growth, the mathematical model of the optimum technological growth rate is built. Under different combinations of production factors, the optimum technological investment is studied. Cases in which technological factors take the place of labor and capital factors are analyzed. The attribute of the production function with three factors is analyzed and the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under continuous change is set up.
Fourth, the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under discrete change is erected. Technology is a unique production factor because technological growth experiences a mutation when technological increase accumulates to a certain extent. Under this condition, the point-mutation model in Tom’s mutation theory is applied to explain the phenomenon of technological
mutation, to discuss the attribute of technological mutation at the turning point under different combinations of labor and capital factors, to build the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate after discrete technological change.
Finally, practical data from a steel company in China are utilized with these mathematical models in a positive study. A quantitative computation of the optimum technological growth rate between real investment and optimum investment is carried out. Technological investment level and the potentiality of development under certain conditions in an enterprise are investigated. Consequently, the enterprise’s production and technical management achieve an excellent direction.
引文
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