基于XML的图书元数据系统
摘要
随着因特网的逐渐普及和信息技术的广泛应用，人们对获取知识和技能的方式提出了新的要求，希望在足不出户的情况下就可以方便地得到他们需要的各类信息服务。因而作为传播各种知识和技能，为人们提供信息服务的图书馆就有了新的历史使命。正是在这种情况下，电子图书馆作为一个重大的时代课题，受到有关各方越来越多的关注。而作为电子图书馆的重要支撑技术之一的元数据技术也有了很大的发展。
XML全称是“可扩展标识语言“(Extensible Markup Language)，它是一种元语言，是用来描述其它语言的语言。元数据(Metadata)是关于数据集的数据，是对数据集的说明或描述，在图书信息系统中用于描述图书数据集的内容，以帮助人们理解、管理和查找图书信息。本文探讨了与电子图书馆密切相关的元数据技术与XML技术。论文深入研究了元数据的表达、转换和查询技术；分析了XML Schema、XSLT、XQuery等XML技术；设计并部分实现了一个基于XML的图书元数据系统，给出了有效的数据存储策略和数据查询策略。
With the popularization of Internet and wide application of information technology, people put forward of their new need of how to get knowledge and technique. They hope that they can get the information service at home. So the library, as a place to spread abroad knowledge and technique, has a newly historic role. It is because of this that the electronic library, as a great historic problem task, is thought much of by more and more people. And the Metadata technology, as a most important technology which supports the electronic library, has gotten much development these years.
XML's full name is Extensible Markup Language. It is a meta-language, which describes other languages. Metadata is about data's data. It is the description and explaining of other data. In the book information system, the metadata is used to describe the content of book information and to help people to understand and manage and look up book information. This paper discusses the technology of XML and Metadata, which is important to the electronic library. Deep study of Metadata's expression, transformation and query is offered. It analyzes some XML technologies, such as XML Schema, XSLT, XQuery, etc. Based XML, a book Metadata system is designed and partially realized. Virtual policy of how to save and query Metadata is given.
XML全称是“可扩展标识语言“(Extensible Markup Language)，它是一种元语言，是用来描述其它语言的语言。元数据(Metadata)是关于数据集的数据，是对数据集的说明或描述，在图书信息系统中用于描述图书数据集的内容，以帮助人们理解、管理和查找图书信息。本文探讨了与电子图书馆密切相关的元数据技术与XML技术。论文深入研究了元数据的表达、转换和查询技术；分析了XML Schema、XSLT、XQuery等XML技术；设计并部分实现了一个基于XML的图书元数据系统，给出了有效的数据存储策略和数据查询策略。
With the popularization of Internet and wide application of information technology, people put forward of their new need of how to get knowledge and technique. They hope that they can get the information service at home. So the library, as a place to spread abroad knowledge and technique, has a newly historic role. It is because of this that the electronic library, as a great historic problem task, is thought much of by more and more people. And the Metadata technology, as a most important technology which supports the electronic library, has gotten much development these years.
XML's full name is Extensible Markup Language. It is a meta-language, which describes other languages. Metadata is about data's data. It is the description and explaining of other data. In the book information system, the metadata is used to describe the content of book information and to help people to understand and manage and look up book information. This paper discusses the technology of XML and Metadata, which is important to the electronic library. Deep study of Metadata's expression, transformation and query is offered. It analyzes some XML technologies, such as XML Schema, XSLT, XQuery, etc. Based XML, a book Metadata system is designed and partially realized. Virtual policy of how to save and query Metadata is given.
引文
[1] 吴建中。图书馆员需要互联网 互联网互联网更需要图书馆员----中文元数据应用国际研讨会上的发言。中文元数据应用国际研讨会(2001年7月)。
[2] 承继成，李琦，易善桢。国家空间信息基础设施与数字地球。清华大学出版社，1999，10。
[3] 张智雄 宋文 李广建 孙坦 黄永文。中国科学院系统(DISCAS)数字图书馆资源组织体系研究。中文元数据应用国际研讨会2001年7月会议文集。
[4] FGDC Metadata Workbook - version 2.0 FGDC-STD-001-1998
[5] 北京图书馆自动化发展部编．中国机读目录通用格式．北京：书目文献出版社，1991
[6] 蒋景曈，刘若梅，贾运鹏。国际元数据标准的发展和研究现状。中国地理信息元数据标准研究。科学出版社，1999．6
[7] 崔伟宏。数字地球。中国环境出版社，1999，7。
[8] http://dublincore.org/documents/1999/07/02/dces/#detl
[9] Type Vocabulary. http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary
[10] 薛锋，郑巧英，杨宗英。Z39.50客户机和服务器的实现，大学图书馆学报 2000 年(4)
[11] ANSI/NISO Z39.50 - 1995. http://www.nsii.gov.cn/
[12] Clearinghouse. http://www.fgdc.gov/clearinghouse/clearinghouse.html
[13] Use of Z9.50 to search and retrieve geospatial data. http://www.fgdc.gov.
[14] MetaStar http://www.environment.gov.au/net/asdd/tech/manage-metastar.html
[15] MetaStar http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/toollist/metastar.html
[16] http://www.environment.gov.au/net/anzmeta/
[17] 何杭军，孙一中。XML与互联网应用技术的过去、现在和将来。http://www.xml.org.cn
[18] 孙一中，XML技术最新跟踪：W3C有关XML的活动。http://www.xml.org.cn
[19] 孙一中，XML核心技术http://www.xml.org.cn
[20] 刘炜，赵亮．上图数字图书馆元数据方案．http://www.istis.sh.cn/istis/dlib/report,2000.12
[21] 何杭军，初通XSLT。http://www.xml.org.cn
[22] XML Query http://www.w3c.org./xml/query.htm
[23] 微软的XQuery演示网站http://131.107.228.20
[24] 肖珑．元数据格式在数字化图书馆中的应用．大学图书馆学报，1999(4)
[25] http://www.fgdc.gov/clearinghouse/reference/annexd.html
[26] 劳虎，无废话XML。http://www.2tigers.net
[27] http://www.sun.com/xml
[28] http://java.sun.com/features/2001/02/xmlj2ee.html
[29] http://technet.oracle.com/tech/xml/
[30] Sandeepan Banerjee, Vishu Krishnamurthy, Muralidhar Krishnaprasad, Ravi Murthy. Oracle8i-The XML Enabled Data Management System. Oracle Corporatoin.
[31] http://www.wxlib.js.cn/digital/news_digital/fazhan.htm
[32] http://www.yiyee.com/public/zlj/yxlt/lunwenl.htm
[33] http://www.library.hn.cn/sztsg/lunwen/buzlsx.htm
[34] http://www.libent.sh.cn/istis/dlib/report/dlibintro.html
[35] 黄伟红，张福炎．基于XML/RDF的MARC元数据描述技术．情报学报19(4)：2000，326-332
[36] John J. Helly, T. Todd Elvins, Don Sutton, David Martiner. A method for interoperabl e digital libraries and data repositories. Future Ganeration Computer Systems. 16, 1999,21-28.
[37] 程变爱．试论资源描述框架(RDF)——一种极具生命力的元数据携带工具．现代图书情报技术，2000(6)
[38] 林海青．数字化图书馆的元数据体系．中国图书馆学报，2000(4)．
[39] 赵慧勤．网络信息资源组织—元数据．情报理论与实践，2000(6)
[40] 张敏，张晓林．元数据的发展和相关格式．四川图书馆学报，2000(2)
[2] 承继成，李琦，易善桢。国家空间信息基础设施与数字地球。清华大学出版社，1999，10。
[3] 张智雄 宋文 李广建 孙坦 黄永文。中国科学院系统(DISCAS)数字图书馆资源组织体系研究。中文元数据应用国际研讨会2001年7月会议文集。
[4] FGDC Metadata Workbook - version 2.0 FGDC-STD-001-1998
[5] 北京图书馆自动化发展部编．中国机读目录通用格式．北京：书目文献出版社，1991
[6] 蒋景曈，刘若梅，贾运鹏。国际元数据标准的发展和研究现状。中国地理信息元数据标准研究。科学出版社，1999．6
[7] 崔伟宏。数字地球。中国环境出版社，1999，7。
[8] http://dublincore.org/documents/1999/07/02/dces/#detl
[9] Type Vocabulary. http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary
[10] 薛锋，郑巧英，杨宗英。Z39.50客户机和服务器的实现，大学图书馆学报 2000 年(4)
[11] ANSI/NISO Z39.50 - 1995. http://www.nsii.gov.cn/
[12] Clearinghouse. http://www.fgdc.gov/clearinghouse/clearinghouse.html
[13] Use of Z9.50 to search and retrieve geospatial data. http://www.fgdc.gov.
[14] MetaStar http://www.environment.gov.au/net/asdd/tech/manage-metastar.html
[15] MetaStar http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/toollist/metastar.html
[16] http://www.environment.gov.au/net/anzmeta/
[17] 何杭军，孙一中。XML与互联网应用技术的过去、现在和将来。http://www.xml.org.cn
[18] 孙一中，XML技术最新跟踪：W3C有关XML的活动。http://www.xml.org.cn
[19] 孙一中，XML核心技术http://www.xml.org.cn
[20] 刘炜，赵亮．上图数字图书馆元数据方案．http://www.istis.sh.cn/istis/dlib/report,2000.12
[21] 何杭军，初通XSLT。http://www.xml.org.cn
[22] XML Query http://www.w3c.org./xml/query.htm
[23] 微软的XQuery演示网站http://131.107.228.20
[24] 肖珑．元数据格式在数字化图书馆中的应用．大学图书馆学报，1999(4)
[25] http://www.fgdc.gov/clearinghouse/reference/annexd.html
[26] 劳虎，无废话XML。http://www.2tigers.net
[27] http://www.sun.com/xml
[28] http://java.sun.com/features/2001/02/xmlj2ee.html
[29] http://technet.oracle.com/tech/xml/
[30] Sandeepan Banerjee, Vishu Krishnamurthy, Muralidhar Krishnaprasad, Ravi Murthy. Oracle8i-The XML Enabled Data Management System. Oracle Corporatoin.
[31] http://www.wxlib.js.cn/digital/news_digital/fazhan.htm
[32] http://www.yiyee.com/public/zlj/yxlt/lunwenl.htm
[33] http://www.library.hn.cn/sztsg/lunwen/buzlsx.htm
[34] http://www.libent.sh.cn/istis/dlib/report/dlibintro.html
[35] 黄伟红，张福炎．基于XML/RDF的MARC元数据描述技术．情报学报19(4)：2000，326-332
[36] John J. Helly, T. Todd Elvins, Don Sutton, David Martiner. A method for interoperabl e digital libraries and data repositories. Future Ganeration Computer Systems. 16, 1999,21-28.
[37] 程变爱．试论资源描述框架(RDF)——一种极具生命力的元数据携带工具．现代图书情报技术，2000(6)
[38] 林海青．数字化图书馆的元数据体系．中国图书馆学报，2000(4)．
[39] 赵慧勤．网络信息资源组织—元数据．情报理论与实践，2000(6)
[40] 张敏，张晓林．元数据的发展和相关格式．四川图书馆学报，2000(2)