矿井火灾诱发爆炸动态演化规律及防治技术研究
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摘要
研究煤矿火灾诱发爆炸及其防治对提高煤矿防灾、抗灾能力和应急救灾决策的技术水平具有重要意义。本文运用有关理论对煤矿火灾诱发爆炸的规律、预警、可靠性辨识及火区安全防治等方面进行了较为系统的研究。建立了煤矿火区封闭过程中诱发瓦斯爆炸的数学模型,并进行了实例验证。分析出正压通风引起火源逆向蔓延及不利于自燃的早期发现。封闭导致风量降低很大时,自燃点上风侧的高浓度积聚瓦斯流向火源位置具有爆炸危险性。瓦斯爆炸发生后,极短时间内会在爆源区首先产生负压进而产生冲击波正压区。分析出火灾标志气体选择标准和CO作为火灾标志性气体所必需的校正技术。分析了矿井火灾事故和瓦斯爆炸的预警技术,构建了瓦斯爆炸多层次综合分析预警指标体系,建立了瓦斯爆炸危险综合指标评价模型,对预警指标进行了量化,对瓦斯爆炸危险与预警状态进行了分级,并进行了模型检验。提出了火区封闭效果评价的方法、火区气体信息采集的十六项准则和火区燃烧状态的判断技术准则。根据注惰射流与可燃气体层相对位置和影响,以重力流和射流理论为基础,推导了防止密闭火区发生爆炸等危险的注惰临界速度并进行了实验验证。
The study of explosion induced by fire and its prevention and control in coalminewere significant on the inhancements of disaster prevention, fight calamities andemergency rescue and decision-making. This dissertation studied the exlosion lawinduced by fire, pre-warning, reliability identify and disaster prevention and control incoalmine based on the related therories. The mathematic model of gas explosionduring fire sealing was set up and verified. Positive pressure ventilation of coalminewas unfavorable to detect fire zone and discover spontaneous combustion earlier. Iflarge reduction of air quantity occurred, the gas accumulated in the upwind of the firesource was explosive. During gas explosion, a negative pressure area would appearnear blast source at first and then shock wave came into being later. The selectivestandard of indicated gases was analyzed and the emendation technology of carbonmonoxide indicated gas was obtained. The pre-warning technologies of coamine fireand gas explosion accident were analyzed. The multilayer integrated pre-warningindex system of gas explosion was constructed and the synthetical index evaluationmodel of gas explosion hazard was set up. The index were quantified and the hazardand pre-warning state of gas exlosion were classified. Then, the synthetical indexevaluation model was verified. The effectiveness assessment method of fire zonesealing, the sixteen rules of information collection of fire zone gases and the judgment technology rules of combustion state in fire zone were proposed. Based on the gravitycurrents and jet fluid, the critical pumping inert gas in order to prevent explosion infire zone sealing was deduced and verified by experiments.
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