饮用水微污染强化处理的效能研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文全面论述了水源有机污染的现状及对国民经济和人民身体健康造成的重大影响,指出对有机微污染源水进行处理的必要性和迫切性。并通过对国内外有机微污染水净化处理技术的分析,针对我国国情及常规水处理工艺中存在的问题,提出采用强化常规处理工艺处理微污染源水的必要性和现实意义。
     高锰酸钾复合药剂强化混凝是目前采用的一种较为先进的水污染治理技术之一,本文在系统分析高锰酸钾复合药剂强化混凝机理、粉末活性炭强化混凝机理的基础上,进行了高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用对黄河包头段两水厂有机微污染源水强化混凝的室内及生产性试验的应用研究。
     针对两水厂不同的源水污染状况和现有的水处理工艺,通过室内和生产性试验,很好地解决了高锰酸钾复合药剂、粉末活性炭最佳投加点、投加量和投加方式的确定问题,并对两者联用的强化混凝效果与预氯化、单独高锰酸钾复合药剂预氧化进行了对比。试验研究结果表明:高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用具有优异的强化混凝效能,能够完全取代预氯化并获得比其更佳的混凝效果;该项强化混凝工艺不仅技术上可行,而且具有明显的经济效益。
     本文的试验研究为解决黄河水源日渐污染、水厂工艺落后与出水水质不断提高之间的矛盾、为包头市各水厂的更新改造和今后建新水厂提供了最佳的工艺选择和设计依据,并可为广大同行所借鉴,从而为实施水质深度处理、保证饮用水安全提供了行之有效的途径,具有广泛的社会效益和广阔的市场应用前景。
This paper completely discussed the status quo of organic polluted water and the great influence of which on national economy and people' s body health , pointed out that it was necessary and urgent to treat organic light polluted water. Through the analyses of domestic and foreign research of treatment to organic light polluted water and in point of condition of our country and problems of conventional water treatment technology, proposed the necessity and realistic signification to adopt enhanced treatment in organic light polluted water.
    So far composite potassium permanganate is one of the advanced water treatment technology in domestic. Based on the systematically analyzing the enhanced coagulation mechanism of composite potassium permanganate and powder activated carbon, the author carried on the laboratory and plant scale research on organic polluted Yellow River in Baotou two water factories with the combined process of composite potassium permanganate and powder activated carbon.
    In light of various pollution situations and various water treatment processes of two water factories, better solved the problems about throwing doses, throwing localities, throwing forms of composite potassium permanganate and powder activated carbon, as well as compared the enhanced coagulation efficacy of combined process of composite potassium permanganate and powder activated carbon, composite potassium permanganate pre-oxidation and pre-chlorination. The result of experiment shows: the combined process of composite potassium permanganate and powder activated carbon has excellent efficiency of enhanced coagulation and is more advanced than pre-chlorination, which can completely replace pre-chlorination and is not only feasible in technology but also remarkable in economic benefit.
    For settling the contradictions among gradually polluted yellow river water, falling behind technology of water factory and desired improvement of water quality, for renewing Baotou water factories and rebuilding new water factory, this experiment research provides the best process choice and design basis, which can be used as an example by person of the same profession, therefore creates fine condition for carrying out deeply water treatment and ensuring the safety of drinking water, and which has broad social returns and market applying prospect.
引文
[1] 钱正英等,中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告,中国水利,2000,8(8):85~90
    [2] 国家环境保护局,1999年中国环境状况公报,1999
    [3] 王家玲、朱良金、杨晓萍,水中非挥发性有机物致突变活性的研究,中国环境科学,1987,7(1):24~27
    [4] 杨福才、沈大年,城市供水水质面临的问题及对策,城镇供水,1996,4(10):17~22
    [5] 李圭白、李星,污染源防治与饮用水除污染并重-关于我国水环境污染对策的探讨,哈尔滨建筑大学学报。1996,29(5):1
    [6] 贺尊诗等,金沙江(渡口江段)水中挥发性有机物分析,分析化学,1986,14(2):14~16
    [7] 朱振岗等,松花江有机污染物的致癌危险性研究,中国环境科学,1985,5(3):6~8
    [8] 岳舜琳,生物滤池处理黄浦江源水的研究,给水深度处理学术交流会会议论文,1998
    [9] 郎佩珍等,第二松花江主要污染物的环境研究,《有机污染物水化学动态研究》(中册),东北师范大学环境科学研究所,1987
    [10] 吴济华,昆明市滇池水处理途径探讨,第二次给水处理学术交流会资料,1991
    [11] EPA,129种含毒污水评价标准,《城市供水行业2000年技术进步发展规划》,中国建筑工业出版社,1993
    [12] 焦玉英等,太湖水中有机污染物的分析、鉴定和评价,环境科学,1988,9(1):7~11
    [13] 周文敏等,水中优先控制污染物黑名单,《城市供水行业2000年技术进步发展规划》 中国建筑工业出版社,1993
    [14] 唐先武,断流与污染 困扰黄河口,《科技日报》,1999年4月21日
    [15] 王占生、张晓健,对生活饮用水水质标准修订的体会,2001,27(9):4~5
    [16] 李冬梅、冀武,水中天然有机物的臭氧化处理,陕西环境,2002,9(1):18~20
    [17] 李圭白,水的社会循环和水资源可持续利用,给水排水,1998,24(9):1
    [18] 张学峰,黄河水资源保护法规亟待完善,《法制日报》,2001年10月20日
    [19] 黄河水利委员会,《2000年黄河水资源公报》,2000
    [20] 钱易,对我国水污染防治策略的思考和建议,《中国环境报》,2001年3月5日
    [21] 李岩,健全我国清洁生产机制途径的探讨,环境保护,2001,7:16~19
    [22] 杨鲁豫、王琳,我国水资源污染治理的技术策略,给水排水,2000,28(1):7~9
    [23] 郭焕庭,国外流域水污染治理经验及对我们的启示,环境保护,2001,22(8):11~13
    [24] 赵谦,尽快开展农村农业污染治理—关于我国水污染防治的思考(四),《光明日报》 2001年4月21日
    [25] 高廷耀,水污染控制工程(下册),北京:高等教育出版社,1989
    [26] 张杰,水资源水环境与城市污水再生回用,给水排水,1998,24(8):1
    
    
    [27] 曹春秋,强化混凝法去除饮用水中天然有机物评价,给水排水,1998,24(6):65~70
    [28] 戴之荷,受污染水处理技术在我国的应用,给水排水,2002,28(1):8~12
    [29] 钟淳吕、戚盛豪,给水处理技术的现状与发展,香港水工业会议论文集,1999
    [30] 邓国平等,混凝和活性炭吸附配合去除水中有机物,水处理技术,1988,14(2):111~113
    [31] Haberer. K. et al, The Haberer Process: Compining Contact Flocculation Filtration and PAC Absorbtion, J. AWWA., 1991, 83 (9): 82~84
    [32] 叶翠莲等,活性炭-硅藻土联用于饮用水深度处理的研究,中国给水排水,1993,9(4):14~16
    [33] 钱庆玲等,微污染原水净化技术综述,公用科技,1995,11(3):30~33
    [34] 谭智、许建华,污染水源的生物法预处理,水处理技术,1995,21(4):232~234
    [35] 戴日成,受污染水源除污染技术研究,清华大学博士学位论文,1992
    [36] 陆在宏,臭氧-生物活性炭发去除水中有机物,上海环境科学,1986,5(3):2~5
    [37] 顾夏声等,水处理工程,北京:清华大学出版社,1985
    [38] 王鹤立等,常规混凝沉淀给水处理工艺的强化,给水排水,1999,25(6):1~4
    [39] Harlock, R. et al., Use of Chlorine for Control of Odors Caused by Algae, J. AWWA.,1958, 50 (1): 29~32
    [40] Fronk, C. A. et al., Destruction of Volatile Organic Contaminants in Drinking Water by Ozone Treatment, Ozone Sci. and Eng.,1987, 9 (3): 265~267
    [41] Lalezary S. et al., Oxidation of Five Earthy-Musty Taste and Odor Compounds, J. AWWA., 1986, 78 (3): 62~64
    [42] 哈尔滨建筑大学等,高锰酸钾复合药剂除微污染技术,国家“八五”重点攻关课题鉴定材料,1995
    [43] 许建华,水的特种处理,同济大学出版社 (1889)
    [44] 李圭白、刘超,地下水除铁除锰,中国建筑工业出版社,1989年11月
    [45] Humphrey, S.B., Iron and Manganese Removal Using KMnO_4, Water and Sewage Works (1962)
    [46] Willey, B. F. et al., Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide with Potassium Permanganate, J. AWWA., 1964, 56 (4): 466~468
    [47] Humphrey, s. b. and Eikeibury, M. A. New Potassium Permanganate Technique, Water and Sewage Works, 1961
    [48] Cherry, A.K. Use of Potassium Permanganate in Water Treatment, K. AWWA., 1962, 54 (4): 417~419
    [49] Fitzgerald, G. P. Use Potassium Permanganate for Control of Problem Algae, J. AWWA., 1966, 59 (9): 609~612
    [50] Spicher, R. G. Strinde, R. T. Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Organic Contaminants in Water Supplies, J. AWWA., 1963, 55(9): 1174~1179
    
    
    [51] Bernhardt H. and Lusse B., Elimination of Zooplankton by Flocculation and Filtration, J. Water SRT-Aqua, 1989, 38 (1): 23~26
    [52] Petrusevski Vlaski A. et al., Influence of Algae Species and Cultivation Conditions on Algae Removal in Direct Filtration Water Sci. Technol, 1983, 27 (11): 211~215
    [53] Singer, P.C. et al., The Effects of Permanganate Pretreatment on Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water. J. AWWA., 1980, 72 (10): 573~576
    [54] Colthurst, J. M. et al., Removing Trihalomethane Precursors by Permanganate Oxidation and Manganese Dioxide Absorption, J. AWWA., 1982, 74 (2): 78~81
    [55] Moyer B. and Wu J. S., Removel Organic Precursors by Permanganate Oxidation and Alum Coagulation, Water Research., 1985, 19 (3): 309~311
    [56] Hubel, R. E., et al.,Integrated Pilot Testing Paysoff., J. AWWA., 1992, 84 (8): 43~46
    [57] 许国仁等,高锰酸钾复合药剂助凝生产性试验,给水排水,1995,21(9):23~25
    [58] 马军、陈忠林、李圭白等,高锰酸盐复合药剂助凝处理高稳定性地表水[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(9):1—4.
    [59] 兰淑澄,活性炭水处理技术,中国环境科学出版社 (1992)
    [60] 金伟、李怀正、范瑾初,粉末活性炭吸附技术应用的关键问题,给水排水,2001,27(10):7~9
    [61] Stephen. Randthe, Organic Contaminant Removal by Coagulation and Related Process Combinations, J. AWWA., 1988, 88(5): 40~44
    [62] 王连生,环境化学进展,化学工业出版社,1995
    [63] Water J. Weber, Jr. Massoud Pirbazari, Potential Mechanisms for Removal of Humic Acid from water by Activated Carbon, In Activated Carbon Absorption of Organic from the Aqueous phase, Vol. 1, Ann Arbor Sci. Publisher, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich(1980)
    [64] Schnitzer, M., Metal-Organic Matter Interactions in Soils and Waters, In Faust, D. and Hunter, J. V., Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environment, M. Dekker Pub., New York, N.Y. (1971)
    [65] 刘新英,我国的水资源状况及对策,环境科学动态,1996,1(7):13~15
    [66] 金相灿,有机化合物污染化学,清华大学出版社,1990
    [67] 徐晓白,有毒有机化合物环境转化和潜在毒性研究若干动态,环境化学,1991,10(3):2~4
    [68] H. J. Kool, G.G. et al, Water Supply and Health, Edited Hvan Lelyveld, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1981
    
    
    [69] 许保玖、安鼎年,给水处理理论与设计,中国建筑工业出版社,1992
    [70] 王占生、刘文君,微污染水源饮用水处理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
    [71] Gibbs, R.J., Effect of Natural Organic Coating on the Coagulaion of Particles, Envir. Sci.& Technol., 1983, 28(17):237~241
    [72] O'melia, C.R, Particle Interaction. Aquatic Surface Chemistry, (w. Stum, editor) Wiley-Interscience, New York (1989)
    [73] 姚重华、严煦世等,硫酸铝除浊、除色的研究,上海给水排水,1989,2(1):9~12
    [74] Narkis, N. and Rebhun, M., The Mechanism of Flocculation Processes in the Presence of HumicSubstance. J. AWWA, 1987
    [75] Krasner, S.W.& Amy G., Jar Test Evaluation of Enhanced Coagulation, L. AWWA, 1996, 88(10) :93~99
    [76] 曲久辉,高锰酸钾氧化法去除水中微量有机污染物,哈尔滨建筑大学硕士学位论文(1988)
    [77] 李圭白、林生、曲久辉,用高锰酸钾去除饮用水中微量有机污染物,给水排水,1989,15(3):19~21
    [78] 马军、李圭白等,高锰酸钾的氧化助凝效能的研究,中国给水排水,1992,8(4):32~35
    [79] Petrusevski, B., Van Breemen A.N and Alaevts G., Effect of Permanganate Pretreatment and Coagulation with Dual Coagulation on Algae Removal in Direct Filtration, J. Water SRT-Aqua 1996, 45 (5): 316~318
    [80] 兰文艺等,实用环境工程手册,化学工业出版社,2002,18~33
    [81] 金伟、李怀正,粉末活性炭技术在自来水水厂中的应用,给水深度处理研究会2001年会
    [82] 查人光、贺尧基,高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭联用组合工艺在净水处理中的应用,给水排水,2000,26(4):9~11
    [83] Spicher, R. G. Strinde, R.T. Effects of Potassium Permanganate on Pure Organic Compounds, J. AWWA., 1963, 57(4): 472~476
    [84] Kemp, H.T. et at., Potassium Permanganate as an Algaecide, J. AWWA.,1996, 59 (9): 255~258
    [85] O.A. Mumina, Electrical Oxidation of Colored Impurities in an Aqueous Suspension of Manganese Dioxide, Soviet Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 1985, 7(4): 47~51
    [86] Lalezary, S. et al., Pilot-Plant Studies for the Removal of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol by Powdered Activated Carbon, AWWA Ann. Conf., Washington D. C. , June (1985)
    [87] 宋序彤,关于我国城市给水排水科技优先发展领域的探讨,中国给水排水,1995,11(2):25~28
    
    
    [88] 丁恒如,给水处理去除有机污染物的现状,水处理技术,1995,21(50):282~290
    [89] 戴日成等,对轻度污染与微污染水水源处理工艺的讨论,第三届给水深度处理研究会交流材料,1993.5.20
    [90] Lepage, W.L. ,The Anatomy of an Ozone Plant, J. AWWA., 1981, 73 (2): 105~107
    [91] 张玉先等,改善饮用水水质的处理技术及经济分析,给水排水,1998,24(12):15~19
    [92] Coote, R., Chlorine Dioxide Treatment at Valparaiso, Water & Sewage Works, 1950, 97(1). 13~15
    [93] Harlock, R. et a1., Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide for Control of Algae Odors, Water & Sewage Works, 1953, 100(3): 74~76
    [94] 李万英、董瑞菊,水库水源嗅味米源与防治研究,给水与废水处理国际会议论文集,北京(1994)
    [95] 王宝贞,水污染控制工程,高等教育出版社,1991年第一版

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700