贵州省黔东南苗族聚居地居民对和谐家庭的认知图式研究
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摘要
认知图式作为主体对客体与事件的解释框架,对于人的社会认知有重要作用。认知图式的研究,自20世纪30年代由Bartlett等人系统提出相关理论以来,深刻影响着心理学的研究。后来,经过皮亚杰的发展和Fiske、Taylor等人的积极倡导,认知图式在社会科学中的作用有所提升。然而,从现有文献来看,认知图式在社会科学中的应用,多局限在语言学习与分析、儿童早期教育等应用领域。从文化认知的角度入手,运用认知图式来分析主体认知的心理元素,目前尚属研究的前沿。本文正是从这一角度入手来研究苗族在和谐家庭方面的认知心理元素。
本文假设,和谐家庭的真正实现,是家庭内部、外部的各关系达到和谐的综合反映,是在家庭成员之间、家庭与社会之间、家庭与自然之间,家庭成员处理以家庭矛盾为主的观念与言行和谐统一的家庭模式。本研究以Rumelhart的认知图式结构中所起作用的核心变量理论(动力要素是需要意识、控制要素是价值观念、工具要素是思维方式、材料要素是知识结构、心态要素即主观心态为)基础,采用实地访谈法、心理投射测验(自编)、文献研究、理论研究等相结合的方法,分析阐述苗族对和谐家庭认知的心理元素。
通过研究本文得出苗族对和谐家庭的认知心理要素是:动力要素是环境生存和社会组织形式的需要,对同一祖先、本族祖宗崇拜的宗教意识;控制要素是生命平等、生命同源、万物有灵性的价值观念;工具要素是以本地宗教即对祖先的崇拜为主导的思维方式;材料要素是本族人学习劳作技能、生活常识的知识结构;心态要素是以蝴蝶妈妈,祖宗寄予后人的生活之美好和谐的主观心态。根据研究结果,本文对苗族和谐家庭认知心理元素、文化与认知的同构关系进行了讨论,并提出落实民族政策、文化认同、创建人与自然和谐的家庭和谐环境和加强家庭自身建设等四条建议和多民族在建设和谐家庭中的文化借鉴作用。
As the explanation frame of subject to object and incident, the cognition schematic is very important for people's social cognition. Cognition schematic research, since Bartlett who proposed systematically relevant theory in 1930s, has influenced psychological research deeply. Later, through the Piaget's development, advocating actively of Fiske, Taylor, etc. the function of cognition schematic in social science of cognition was promoted to some extent. However, according to existing literature, the application of cognition schematic in social science is being more confined in some field such as language study and analysis, children's early education and so on. Proceeding with the cognitive culture, using cognition schematic to analyze the psychological element of cognitive subject is still belonging to the front study at present. This text exactly proceeds with this angle to study the cognitive psychological element from harmonious family of the Miao nationality.
This text has supposed that the really implementation of harmonious family, is the comprehensive reflection of all family's relation reaching harmonious within and without, it is between kinsfolk, between family and the society, between family and nature, is the family mode being used by kinsfolk to make the idea, words and deeds in family's contradiction be harmonious and unified. My research works with the core variable theory in Rumelhart's structure of cognition schematic (the key element of motive force is needing consciousness, the key element of control is values, key element of tool is the mode of thinking, the key element of material is knowledge structure, the key element of psychology is based on the subjective psychology) adopts the methods such as interview law, psychology throw test, literature research, theoretical research to combine together on the spot, analyzes and explains the psychological element of cognition of harmonious family in the Miao nationality.
Through the studying, this text aggregates that the psychological element of cognition of harmonious family in the Miao nationality is: the key element of motive force is the need of environment surviving and social organizational form, is the religious consciousness to the same ancestor and same clan ancestor worship; the key element of control is the values that life equality, life homology, everything has sagacity; The key element of tool is the mode of thinking taking local religion(worship to the ancestor)as the leading factor; The key element of material is the structure of works' skill and life general knowledge; The key element of the psychology is with butterfly's mother—the forefather's subjective psychology hope the descendant's life of bright and harmonious. According to the result of study,the thesis have discussed the isomorphic relations among congnitive congnitive psychology, and this text has proposed four suggestions: the meanings of the harmonious family's construction and cultural continuity of the Miao nationality; implementing the policy on ethnic affairs; building a family's harmonious environment between human being and nature; strengthening the family's self-building. And used as a culture source of reference in multi-nationality’s constructing harmonious family
本文假设,和谐家庭的真正实现,是家庭内部、外部的各关系达到和谐的综合反映,是在家庭成员之间、家庭与社会之间、家庭与自然之间,家庭成员处理以家庭矛盾为主的观念与言行和谐统一的家庭模式。本研究以Rumelhart的认知图式结构中所起作用的核心变量理论(动力要素是需要意识、控制要素是价值观念、工具要素是思维方式、材料要素是知识结构、心态要素即主观心态为)基础,采用实地访谈法、心理投射测验(自编)、文献研究、理论研究等相结合的方法,分析阐述苗族对和谐家庭认知的心理元素。
通过研究本文得出苗族对和谐家庭的认知心理要素是:动力要素是环境生存和社会组织形式的需要,对同一祖先、本族祖宗崇拜的宗教意识;控制要素是生命平等、生命同源、万物有灵性的价值观念;工具要素是以本地宗教即对祖先的崇拜为主导的思维方式;材料要素是本族人学习劳作技能、生活常识的知识结构;心态要素是以蝴蝶妈妈,祖宗寄予后人的生活之美好和谐的主观心态。根据研究结果,本文对苗族和谐家庭认知心理元素、文化与认知的同构关系进行了讨论,并提出落实民族政策、文化认同、创建人与自然和谐的家庭和谐环境和加强家庭自身建设等四条建议和多民族在建设和谐家庭中的文化借鉴作用。
As the explanation frame of subject to object and incident, the cognition schematic is very important for people's social cognition. Cognition schematic research, since Bartlett who proposed systematically relevant theory in 1930s, has influenced psychological research deeply. Later, through the Piaget's development, advocating actively of Fiske, Taylor, etc. the function of cognition schematic in social science of cognition was promoted to some extent. However, according to existing literature, the application of cognition schematic in social science is being more confined in some field such as language study and analysis, children's early education and so on. Proceeding with the cognitive culture, using cognition schematic to analyze the psychological element of cognitive subject is still belonging to the front study at present. This text exactly proceeds with this angle to study the cognitive psychological element from harmonious family of the Miao nationality.
This text has supposed that the really implementation of harmonious family, is the comprehensive reflection of all family's relation reaching harmonious within and without, it is between kinsfolk, between family and the society, between family and nature, is the family mode being used by kinsfolk to make the idea, words and deeds in family's contradiction be harmonious and unified. My research works with the core variable theory in Rumelhart's structure of cognition schematic (the key element of motive force is needing consciousness, the key element of control is values, key element of tool is the mode of thinking, the key element of material is knowledge structure, the key element of psychology is based on the subjective psychology) adopts the methods such as interview law, psychology throw test, literature research, theoretical research to combine together on the spot, analyzes and explains the psychological element of cognition of harmonious family in the Miao nationality.
Through the studying, this text aggregates that the psychological element of cognition of harmonious family in the Miao nationality is: the key element of motive force is the need of environment surviving and social organizational form, is the religious consciousness to the same ancestor and same clan ancestor worship; the key element of control is the values that life equality, life homology, everything has sagacity; The key element of tool is the mode of thinking taking local religion(worship to the ancestor)as the leading factor; The key element of material is the structure of works' skill and life general knowledge; The key element of the psychology is with butterfly's mother—the forefather's subjective psychology hope the descendant's life of bright and harmonious. According to the result of study,the thesis have discussed the isomorphic relations among congnitive congnitive psychology, and this text has proposed four suggestions: the meanings of the harmonious family's construction and cultural continuity of the Miao nationality; implementing the policy on ethnic affairs; building a family's harmonious environment between human being and nature; strengthening the family's self-building. And used as a culture source of reference in multi-nationality’s constructing harmonious family
引文
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[2]王文婷,少数民族文化认同与多元一体化教育—大理白族自治州民族中学白族学生个案研究,[D].2006:7.
[3]万明钢, 赵国军, 杨俊龙.我国少数民族心理研究的文献计量分析 2000---2005[J].心理科学进展, 2007:15,185-191.
[4]万明钢,赵国军, 杨俊龙.我国少数民族心理研究的文献计量分析 2000---2005[J].心理科学进展, 2007:15,185-191.
[5]绍志芳,认知心理学—理论、实验和应用[M].上海教育出版社,2006:12,(1):15.
[6]范向阳,关于西方主流认知心理学狭隘性的思考[J],贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2006:3,129.
[7]元永浩,东西方哲学的殊途同归[J] . 吉林大学社会科学学报,2002 : 5,31.
[8]http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20060316_402310923.htm.
[9]赵士辉,董维玲,和谐家庭建设读本[M].天津:天津人民出版,2006,8.
[10]Anderson,J.R.Congnitive Pschology and Its Implications.[M].San Freeman,1980.
[11]车文博,西方心理学史[M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998:5(1),510.
[12]邵瑞珍,教育心理学[M]. 上海:上海教育出版社,1997:6(1),70.
[13]将永福,刘敬茹,认知图式与信息接收[J].图书馆建设,1993(3).3.
[14]转引:汪子嵩等.希腊哲学史,第 1 卷[M].人民出版社.1988.342.
[15]转引: 北京大学哲学系.古希腊罗马哲学[M].商务印书馆,1982,38.23.
[16]德]H.波塞尔/文,燕宏远/译.莱布尼茨的和谐(杂多之统一 )之概念,湖南师范大学哲学系讲学时的主要题目之一,2001:5.
[17][德]H.波塞尔/文,燕宏远/译.莱布尼茨的和谐 (杂多之统一 )之概念,在湖南师范大学哲学系讲学时的主要题目之一,2001: 5,57.
[18]谢舜,和谐社会:理论与经验[M]. 北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006:11(1),8-9.
[19]转引:冯达甫.老子译注[M].上海古籍出版社,1991.
[20]转引:十三经注疏[M].上海古籍出版社,1997.
[21]刘光,论和谐概念 [J].东岳论丛,2002:7(4), 121.
[22]刘光,论和谐概念 [J].东岳论丛,2002:7(4), 122.
[23]赵士辉,董维玲,和谐家庭建设读本[M]. 天津天津人民出版社,2006:8(1),1.
[24]张莹,关于构建和谐家庭的几点思考[J].泰山乡镇企业职工大学学报,2006:9,5.
[25]张莹,关于构建和谐家庭的几点思考[J].泰山乡镇企业职工大学学报,2006:9,6.
[26]张莹,关于构建和谐家庭的几点思考[J].泰山乡镇企业职工大学学报,2006:9,4.
[27]姚鸿昌,郭文玲著.和谐家庭[M]. 北京:中国时代经济出版社, 2007:8(1),1.
[28]杨东,儿童解决学科问题认知模型的理论建构与实证研究[D].2003.
[29]张凯,张美红,认知图式:社会认知的偏差与重构[J].新西部,2007:8,208.
[30]车文博,西方心理学史[M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998:5(1),418-447.
[31]车文博,西方心理学史[M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998:5(1),378-382.
[32]车文博,西方心理学史[M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社,1998:5(1),42.
[35]台江县志[M].贵州人们出版社,1994: 42.
[36]叶浩生,心理学理论精粹[M].福州:福建教育出版社,2004:143.
[37]李炳全著,叶浩生主编,文化心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007:1—2.
[38]李炳全著,叶浩生主编,文化心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007:1.
[39]袁晶,个体犯罪心理的无意识研究,硕士论文,2007:6.
[40]袁晶,个体犯罪心理的无意识研究,硕士论文,2007:6.
[41]袁晶,个体犯罪心理的无意识研究,硕士论文,2007:6.
[42] 郑日昌,蔡永红等,心理测量学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1999:175.
[43] http://www.yangguangxinling.com/xlcs/showarticle.asp?id=166,2008:4.
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