电力工程施工招投标决策与管理研究
摘要
工程施工招标投标制是我国建筑业和基本建筑管理体制的一项重大改革，是加强建筑市场管理的重要环节。虽然目前还存在一定的行业和地域垄断性，但我国的电力施工招投标目前正朝着统一、开放、竞争有序的方向发展。电力工程市场全面放开后，电力施工企业承揽工程项目的主要途径就是参加工程施工投标，而投标报价是进行工程施工投标的核心，它直接关系到电力施工企业投标的成败。
本文运用现代管理理论特别是现代招投标理论分析和研究电力工程施工招投标决策与管理，针对目前我国电力工程施工招投标仍然采用定额制和现状，本文探讨了电力工程施工实行清单制的必要性和改革中的应对措施。针对招标中各个评标指标的权重是确定的情况，本文运用层次分析法来根据工程特点重新确定评标指标的权重。
在参加投标报价工作的实践经验基础上，本文研究论述了电力工程施工投标的策略和技巧，包括信息的收集和跟踪选择、投标决策的内外部因素分析、投标机会的筛选和标价制定的原则以及电力工程投标策略制定的方法。同时对目前不同类型的电力公司投标报价进行了差异化研究和电力工程施工招投标的改革探索。在招投标技巧中，总结了常采用的不平衡报价法，并运用线性规划模型计算使利润最大的不平衡报价。然后对电力工程投标报价中的风险管理进行研究，包括风险因素的识别、风险的分析与评估以及风险防范的几种方法。
最后，将本文研究的方法和模型实际运用于我国某电力施工工程。
Project construction public bidding enter a bid make is an important reform of basic building management system. Though now, still have certain profession and region monopoly, but the power construction of our country is recruited enter a bid for now, just dynasty unify, open, compete by order direction development. It is to attend project construction to enter a bid that after power project market relieves completely, power construction enterprise undertakes the major channel of project project, enter a bid to quote, is to carry out project construction to enter a bid, core, it directly concerns power construction enterprise to enter a bid success or failure.
This paper utilizes modern management theory especially modern recruit to enter a bid theoretical analysis and study that power project construction is recruited to enter a bid make policy aim at the present power project construction of our country with management to recruit enter a bid still make with quota present situation, this paper has discussed power project construction to carry out reform and the necessaryness of list system in counter-measure. According to every comment in public bidding, the weight that marks index is definite condition, this paper comes with AHP, determine to comment the weight that marks index again according to project characteristic.
At the practising experience, on foundation, this paper has narrated power project construction to enter a bid strategy and skill, include information, collect and trail option, enter a bid to make policy internal and external department factor analysis, enter a bid the principle of the establishment of marked price and the selection of opportunity as well as power project enter a bid the method of tactful establishment. At the same time for now, the power company of different type enters a bid to quote have carried out discrepancy to melt, research and power project construction are recruited enter a bid, reform explore. When recruiting to enter a bid in skill, have summarized the unbalanced quotation law that adopts frequently, and make profit biggest disequilibrium quote with linear program model calculation. Then, have narrated power project to enter a bid, the risk management in quotation includes risk and assessment as well as the analysis of risk and the identification of risk factor to be on guard some kinds of method.
In final, this paper utilizes model and the method of research in the certain power construction project of our country.
本文运用现代管理理论特别是现代招投标理论分析和研究电力工程施工招投标决策与管理，针对目前我国电力工程施工招投标仍然采用定额制和现状，本文探讨了电力工程施工实行清单制的必要性和改革中的应对措施。针对招标中各个评标指标的权重是确定的情况，本文运用层次分析法来根据工程特点重新确定评标指标的权重。
在参加投标报价工作的实践经验基础上，本文研究论述了电力工程施工投标的策略和技巧，包括信息的收集和跟踪选择、投标决策的内外部因素分析、投标机会的筛选和标价制定的原则以及电力工程投标策略制定的方法。同时对目前不同类型的电力公司投标报价进行了差异化研究和电力工程施工招投标的改革探索。在招投标技巧中，总结了常采用的不平衡报价法，并运用线性规划模型计算使利润最大的不平衡报价。然后对电力工程投标报价中的风险管理进行研究，包括风险因素的识别、风险的分析与评估以及风险防范的几种方法。
最后，将本文研究的方法和模型实际运用于我国某电力施工工程。
Project construction public bidding enter a bid make is an important reform of basic building management system. Though now, still have certain profession and region monopoly, but the power construction of our country is recruited enter a bid for now, just dynasty unify, open, compete by order direction development. It is to attend project construction to enter a bid that after power project market relieves completely, power construction enterprise undertakes the major channel of project project, enter a bid to quote, is to carry out project construction to enter a bid, core, it directly concerns power construction enterprise to enter a bid success or failure.
This paper utilizes modern management theory especially modern recruit to enter a bid theoretical analysis and study that power project construction is recruited to enter a bid make policy aim at the present power project construction of our country with management to recruit enter a bid still make with quota present situation, this paper has discussed power project construction to carry out reform and the necessaryness of list system in counter-measure. According to every comment in public bidding, the weight that marks index is definite condition, this paper comes with AHP, determine to comment the weight that marks index again according to project characteristic.
At the practising experience, on foundation, this paper has narrated power project construction to enter a bid strategy and skill, include information, collect and trail option, enter a bid to make policy internal and external department factor analysis, enter a bid the principle of the establishment of marked price and the selection of opportunity as well as power project enter a bid the method of tactful establishment. At the same time for now, the power company of different type enters a bid to quote have carried out discrepancy to melt, research and power project construction are recruited enter a bid, reform explore. When recruiting to enter a bid in skill, have summarized the unbalanced quotation law that adopts frequently, and make profit biggest disequilibrium quote with linear program model calculation. Then, have narrated power project to enter a bid, the risk management in quotation includes risk and assessment as well as the analysis of risk and the identification of risk factor to be on guard some kinds of method.
In final, this paper utilizes model and the method of research in the certain power construction project of our country.
引文
[1]徐文通，工程招标投标管理概论，中国人民大学出版社，1989， 50~57
[2]梁监，国际工程施工经营管理，水利电力出版社，1994，19~23
[3]刘伊生，工程造价管理基础与相关法规，中国计划出版社，2003，155~161
[4]尹贻林，工程造价计价与控制，中国计划出版社，2003，244~249
[5]芮光雨，项目决策分析与评价，中国计划出版社，2003，72~78
[6]王文松，现代咨询方法与实务，中国计划出版社，2003，22~25
[7]刘尔烈，工程项目招标投标实务，人民交通出版社，2000，35~38
[8]郎荣乐，国际工程承包与招标投标，中国人民大学出版社，1994，120~124
[9]许高峰，国际招投标，人民交通出版社，2001，150~153
[10]马月吉，工程建设招标投标技术与决策，中国建筑工业出版社，1993，32~40
[11]武月秦，工程承包与投标报价，重庆大学出版社，1992，130~141
[12]郁亦达、王仲明，发送变电工程施工招标投标，水利电力出版社，1992，1~12
[13]郝生跃，国际工程管理，北方交通大学出版社，2003，203~210
[14]周德镇、左齐，EXCEL在现代管理中的应用，电子工业出版社，1997，225~250
[15]许焕兴，国际工程承包，东北财经大学出版社2004，152~155
[16]Angel de la fuente 著 朱保华、钱晓明译，经济数学方法与模型，上海财经大学出版社，2003，352~356
[17]许高峰，国际招投标，人民交通出版社，2003，142~147
[18]赵焕臣、许树柏、和金生，层次分析法，科学出版社，1986，1~82
[19]夏志宏，国际工程承包风险与规避，中国建筑出版社，2004，1~12
[20]吴育华、杜纲，管理科学基础，天津大学出版社，2001，10~43
[21]黄欣，对定额制和清单制的理论思考，安徽建筑.2003.010(006)，118~118
[22]孙力源，无标底招标刍议，中国电力企业管理.2003.000(004)，40~40
[23]李忆兵，浅谈投标书编制与报价策略，中国市政工程.2001.000(004)，55~56
[24]付晓明，大型水电工程招投标竞争策略与技巧，水利水电工程造价.2002.000(003)，13~15
[25]郭月红 高振远，公路工程施工招标及投标策略研究，包头钢铁学院学报.2000.019(004)，356~359
[26]王顺洪，国际承包工程投标报价研究，博士，西南交通大学，2001
[27]王福勇，基于博弈论的报价策略研究，硕士，天津大学，2002
[28]侯涛，建设工程施工招投标体制研究，硕士，浙江大学，2002
[29]赵迎萍，工程施工投标报价问题研究，硕士，北方交通大学，2001
[30]汪健斌，清江水电工程招标及合同管理改革途径，硕士，重庆大学，2001
[31]雷胜强，国际工程风险管理与保险，中国建筑工业出版社，2001，24~27
[32]D.H.K.Chun ，Key Factors in Bid Reasoning Model，Journal of Construction Engineering and Management -- September/October 2000 -- Volume 126, Issue 5, 349~357
[33]Zohar J.Herbsman ，A+B Bidding Method—Hidden Success Story for Highway Construction，Journal of Construction Engineering and Management -- November/December 1995 -- Volume 121, Issue 4,. 430~437
[34]S Ping Ho ，Analytical Model for Analyzing Construction Claims and Opportunistic Bidding , Journal of Construction Engineering and Management -- January/February 2004 -- Volume 130, Issue 1, 94~104
[35] Aminah Fayek，Competitive Bidding Strategy Model and Software System for Bid Preparation，Journal of Construction Engineering and Management ，January/February 1998 -- Volume 124, Issue 1,. 1~10
[2]梁监，国际工程施工经营管理，水利电力出版社，1994，19~23
[3]刘伊生，工程造价管理基础与相关法规，中国计划出版社，2003，155~161
[4]尹贻林，工程造价计价与控制，中国计划出版社，2003，244~249
[5]芮光雨，项目决策分析与评价，中国计划出版社，2003，72~78
[6]王文松，现代咨询方法与实务，中国计划出版社，2003，22~25
[7]刘尔烈，工程项目招标投标实务，人民交通出版社，2000，35~38
[8]郎荣乐，国际工程承包与招标投标，中国人民大学出版社，1994，120~124
[9]许高峰，国际招投标，人民交通出版社，2001，150~153
[10]马月吉，工程建设招标投标技术与决策，中国建筑工业出版社，1993，32~40
[11]武月秦，工程承包与投标报价，重庆大学出版社，1992，130~141
[12]郁亦达、王仲明，发送变电工程施工招标投标，水利电力出版社，1992，1~12
[13]郝生跃，国际工程管理，北方交通大学出版社，2003，203~210
[14]周德镇、左齐，EXCEL在现代管理中的应用，电子工业出版社，1997，225~250
[15]许焕兴，国际工程承包，东北财经大学出版社2004，152~155
[16]Angel de la fuente 著 朱保华、钱晓明译，经济数学方法与模型，上海财经大学出版社，2003，352~356
[17]许高峰，国际招投标，人民交通出版社，2003，142~147
[18]赵焕臣、许树柏、和金生，层次分析法，科学出版社，1986，1~82
[19]夏志宏，国际工程承包风险与规避，中国建筑出版社，2004，1~12
[20]吴育华、杜纲，管理科学基础，天津大学出版社，2001，10~43
[21]黄欣，对定额制和清单制的理论思考，安徽建筑.2003.010(006)，118~118
[22]孙力源，无标底招标刍议，中国电力企业管理.2003.000(004)，40~40
[23]李忆兵，浅谈投标书编制与报价策略，中国市政工程.2001.000(004)，55~56
[24]付晓明，大型水电工程招投标竞争策略与技巧，水利水电工程造价.2002.000(003)，13~15
[25]郭月红 高振远，公路工程施工招标及投标策略研究，包头钢铁学院学报.2000.019(004)，356~359
[26]王顺洪，国际承包工程投标报价研究，博士，西南交通大学，2001
[27]王福勇，基于博弈论的报价策略研究，硕士，天津大学，2002
[28]侯涛，建设工程施工招投标体制研究，硕士，浙江大学，2002
[29]赵迎萍，工程施工投标报价问题研究，硕士，北方交通大学，2001
[30]汪健斌，清江水电工程招标及合同管理改革途径，硕士，重庆大学，2001
[31]雷胜强，国际工程风险管理与保险，中国建筑工业出版社，2001，24~27
[32]D.H.K.Chun ，Key Factors in Bid Reasoning Model，Journal of Construction Engineering and Management -- September/October 2000 -- Volume 126, Issue 5, 349~357
[33]Zohar J.Herbsman ，A+B Bidding Method—Hidden Success Story for Highway Construction，Journal of Construction Engineering and Management -- November/December 1995 -- Volume 121, Issue 4,. 430~437
[34]S Ping Ho ，Analytical Model for Analyzing Construction Claims and Opportunistic Bidding , Journal of Construction Engineering and Management -- January/February 2004 -- Volume 130, Issue 1, 94~104
[35] Aminah Fayek，Competitive Bidding Strategy Model and Software System for Bid Preparation，Journal of Construction Engineering and Management ，January/February 1998 -- Volume 124, Issue 1,. 1~10