我国职业女子足球俱乐部现状与发展对策研究
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摘要
1992年6月,全国足球工作会议在北京红山口召开。中国足球也由此步入了“以体制改革与机制转换为核心,协会实体化,俱乐部制和产业开发为重点”的新历史阶段。从1997年中国女足职业化以来,职业足球俱乐部经历了十多年的考验,在最初人们的猜测、怀疑、不解的目光中,成为了中国足球和中国体育不可或缺的一部分。
众所周知,中国女足在经历了1996年奥运会和1999年女足世界杯的辉煌后,逐渐步入低谷,铿锵玫瑰的身影与我们渐行渐远。第五届女足世界杯的再次失利清醒的告诉我们,中国女足昔日世界领先的优势已荡然无存,亚洲霸主地位也已岌岌可危,“重铸中国女足辉煌”势在必行。
职业女足运动水平的高低,是反映一个国家女足整体水平的杠杆。本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,以参加2007年昆明海埂春训的16支职业女足俱乐部为研究对象,对其现状、存在的主要问题和影响职业女足俱乐部发展的主要因素进行调查研究,并提出相应的发展对策,以期能对制定职业女足俱乐部发展的长远规划,弥补女足工作的不足提供参考依据。
1、对职业女足俱乐部的现状进行调查研究包括:俱乐部的基本形态、俱乐部资金状况以及运动队的现状三个主要部分。通过调查整理,为我国职业女足俱乐部今后发展提出相应对策提供了依据。
2、中国职业女足俱乐部存在的主要问题和影响因素主要有:俱乐部体制不健全,管理、经营理念滞后;竞赛制度不完善,高质量比赛太少;经费没有保障,训练条件、待遇收入差;教练员知识结构单一,业务水平偏低;梯队建设不完善,后备力量薄弱;缺乏明星球员;联赛受关注程度低;队员退役后就业无保证;政府和体育主管部门支持力度不够;俱乐部内部管理松散。
3、发展对策为:进一步完善俱乐部的组织形式,健全管理体制;切实提高教练员的整体素质和综合能力,充分发挥其主导作用;加强女足后备人才培养,重视梯队建设工作;提高运动员的运动技术水平,增强职业联赛的观赏性;关心和重视退役运动员就业安置;加强优秀女足人才的引进和流动;提高经营观念,树立品牌意识。
In the June of 1992, the workshop conference of national soccer was convened in the Red Mountain Pass of Beijing which represents that the Chinese soccer has also marched into the new historical stage: considering the system reform and the mechanism transformation as the core, and the club system and the industrial development as the key point. Since the professionalism of Chinese women's football in 1997, the professional soccer club has experienced more than ten years test, with the process of the initial people's guess, the suspicion and the relentless vision, it has been an indispensable part for the Chinese soccer and a Chinese sport.
As we all know, after experienced the glory of the 1996 Olympic Games and the 1999 Women's World Cup for Chinese women’s football, they have entered the doldrums gradually. The defeat sober again in the Fifth Women's World Cup tells us that the leading edge for Chinese Women Soccer in the world has been disappeared and their Asia dominant position has been precarious. Thus, it is imperative to rebuild the glory of Chinese women’s football.
The high-level sports of Professional Women’s soccer are a reflection of a country's overall level of Women's soccer. The paper considers the 16 vocational Women Soccer Clubs, which participated in the 2007 spring training at Haigeng in Kunming, as the subjects and researches the present situation, the major problems and main factors affecting the development of vocational Women Soccer Club by the means of literature data, the survey, expert interviews, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, and other research methods. At the same time, it also offers some corresponding development countermeasures to give some references for formulating the long-term plan of Women Soccer Club professional development and making up the inadequate provision of the work for the Women Soccer.
1. The investigations and studies for Women Soccer Club of occupational status include three main parts: the basic form of the club, the club funds, as well as the status of sports teams. Through investigation and collation, it provides a basis for the future career development of Women Soccer Club.
2. The main problems and main influencing factors for China Professional Women Soccer Club: the club system is not perfect; the management and business philosophy lag behind; the competition system is imperfect and the high-quality competitions are too fewer; the funding can not be guaranteed and the treatments of income are poor; the structure of coaches’knowledge is single, so the level of business is low; the echelon building is imperfect, and the reserving forces is weak; the lack of star players; the concerning of league level is low; the team members have no employment guarantee after they retire; the government departments in charge of sports do not sufficiently support; the loose internal management of the club
3. Development Strategies are: further improvement of the club's organizational forms and strengthening management system; effectively improving the overall quality and the capability of coaches to fully playing their leading roles; strengthening reserving personnel training of women soccer and paying more attention to their echelon building; improving the sports athletes’techniques to enhance viewing of the professional league; caring about and valuing the job placement for retired athletes; strengthening the introduction the outstanding women soccer players and keeping them flow; improving the operational concepts, and establishing brand awareness.
众所周知,中国女足在经历了1996年奥运会和1999年女足世界杯的辉煌后,逐渐步入低谷,铿锵玫瑰的身影与我们渐行渐远。第五届女足世界杯的再次失利清醒的告诉我们,中国女足昔日世界领先的优势已荡然无存,亚洲霸主地位也已岌岌可危,“重铸中国女足辉煌”势在必行。
职业女足运动水平的高低,是反映一个国家女足整体水平的杠杆。本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,以参加2007年昆明海埂春训的16支职业女足俱乐部为研究对象,对其现状、存在的主要问题和影响职业女足俱乐部发展的主要因素进行调查研究,并提出相应的发展对策,以期能对制定职业女足俱乐部发展的长远规划,弥补女足工作的不足提供参考依据。
1、对职业女足俱乐部的现状进行调查研究包括:俱乐部的基本形态、俱乐部资金状况以及运动队的现状三个主要部分。通过调查整理,为我国职业女足俱乐部今后发展提出相应对策提供了依据。
2、中国职业女足俱乐部存在的主要问题和影响因素主要有:俱乐部体制不健全,管理、经营理念滞后;竞赛制度不完善,高质量比赛太少;经费没有保障,训练条件、待遇收入差;教练员知识结构单一,业务水平偏低;梯队建设不完善,后备力量薄弱;缺乏明星球员;联赛受关注程度低;队员退役后就业无保证;政府和体育主管部门支持力度不够;俱乐部内部管理松散。
3、发展对策为:进一步完善俱乐部的组织形式,健全管理体制;切实提高教练员的整体素质和综合能力,充分发挥其主导作用;加强女足后备人才培养,重视梯队建设工作;提高运动员的运动技术水平,增强职业联赛的观赏性;关心和重视退役运动员就业安置;加强优秀女足人才的引进和流动;提高经营观念,树立品牌意识。
In the June of 1992, the workshop conference of national soccer was convened in the Red Mountain Pass of Beijing which represents that the Chinese soccer has also marched into the new historical stage: considering the system reform and the mechanism transformation as the core, and the club system and the industrial development as the key point. Since the professionalism of Chinese women's football in 1997, the professional soccer club has experienced more than ten years test, with the process of the initial people's guess, the suspicion and the relentless vision, it has been an indispensable part for the Chinese soccer and a Chinese sport.
As we all know, after experienced the glory of the 1996 Olympic Games and the 1999 Women's World Cup for Chinese women’s football, they have entered the doldrums gradually. The defeat sober again in the Fifth Women's World Cup tells us that the leading edge for Chinese Women Soccer in the world has been disappeared and their Asia dominant position has been precarious. Thus, it is imperative to rebuild the glory of Chinese women’s football.
The high-level sports of Professional Women’s soccer are a reflection of a country's overall level of Women's soccer. The paper considers the 16 vocational Women Soccer Clubs, which participated in the 2007 spring training at Haigeng in Kunming, as the subjects and researches the present situation, the major problems and main factors affecting the development of vocational Women Soccer Club by the means of literature data, the survey, expert interviews, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, and other research methods. At the same time, it also offers some corresponding development countermeasures to give some references for formulating the long-term plan of Women Soccer Club professional development and making up the inadequate provision of the work for the Women Soccer.
1. The investigations and studies for Women Soccer Club of occupational status include three main parts: the basic form of the club, the club funds, as well as the status of sports teams. Through investigation and collation, it provides a basis for the future career development of Women Soccer Club.
2. The main problems and main influencing factors for China Professional Women Soccer Club: the club system is not perfect; the management and business philosophy lag behind; the competition system is imperfect and the high-quality competitions are too fewer; the funding can not be guaranteed and the treatments of income are poor; the structure of coaches’knowledge is single, so the level of business is low; the echelon building is imperfect, and the reserving forces is weak; the lack of star players; the concerning of league level is low; the team members have no employment guarantee after they retire; the government departments in charge of sports do not sufficiently support; the loose internal management of the club
3. Development Strategies are: further improvement of the club's organizational forms and strengthening management system; effectively improving the overall quality and the capability of coaches to fully playing their leading roles; strengthening reserving personnel training of women soccer and paying more attention to their echelon building; improving the sports athletes’techniques to enhance viewing of the professional league; caring about and valuing the job placement for retired athletes; strengthening the introduction the outstanding women soccer players and keeping them flow; improving the operational concepts, and establishing brand awareness.
引文
[1] 全国体育院校通用教材.现代足球[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000,6
[2] 杨西佳.中国足球风云[M].江西:百花洲文艺出版社,2000,4
[1]于立贤、钟秉枢. 我国竞技体育职业化研究综述[J].中国体育科技.2000 36(10); 8～11
[2] 全国体育院校通用教材.现代足球[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000,6
[1]商务印书馆.新华词典[M]北京 2001
[2]龙斌、唐文进、龙勇.我国竞技体育职业化“四步曲”——社会化、实体化、市场化和产业化的思辨[J].武汉体育学院学报.1999 129(2);13～18
[3]广州体育学院课题组. 我国高水平体育俱乐部的现状与发展的研究[J].中国软科学1998 6;1.3-106
[1]吴雪萍、司虎克.影响我国教练员运用体育科技成果的因素[J].上海体育学院学报.2002 26(1);18～23
[1]毛武杨. 中国竞技排球发展的新思路[J].南京体育学院学报.2000 15(1);60～61
[1]编委会.中国足球年鉴[M].湖北:武汉出版社,2002,9
[1]辛利.关于我国竞技体育俱乐部产业化经营模式的探讨[J].广州体育学院学报.2000 20(4);12～16
[1] 权德庆、高铭贤、雷福民等.体育统计[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社.1994
[2] 杨西佳.中国足球风云[M].江西:百花洲文艺出版社,2000,4
[3] 编委会.中国足球年鉴[M].湖北:武汉出版社,2002,9
[4]戴三育,柳若松.体育科研理论与方法[M].陕西:西安地图出版社,2001,
[5]张林.职业体育俱乐部运行机制[M].北京:人民体育出版社.2001
[6] 鲍明晓.体育产业—新的经济增长点[M].北京:人民体育出版社 2000
[7] 朱舰、梁建桃、游松辉.世界排球市场化[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社.2002
[8] 《体育科学研究方法》编写组.体育科学研究方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998
[9] 郑旗、李吉慧.现代体育科学研究的理论与方法[M].北京:人民体育出版社.2001
[1] 陈云开.中国职业运动项目的市场结构及其完善的策略构想[J].上海体育学院学报.2002 26(1);1～6
[2] 张林.我国职业体育俱乐部运行机制的主要缺陷[J].体育科学.2001 21(4);11～14
[3] 凌平.中国发展体育俱乐部的若干问题思考[J].体育与科学.2000 21(4);17～20
[4] 莫君晶.对我国体育职业俱乐部产权问题的审视[J].体育科研.2001 22(1);45～47
[5] 汪焱、刘献民.促进排球俱乐部良性发展的有力措施―对排球甲 A 俱乐部自主办赛的社会学研究 [J].福建体育科技.2002 21(4)
[6] 陈林祥.对我国职业足球俱乐部发展的初步研究[J].武汉体育学院学报.1995 108(1);11～16
[7] 孙克宜、秦椿林.试论体育管理体制与中国体育管理体制改革[J].北京体育大学学报.1995 18(1);1～13
[8] 张林、徐昌豹.现代职业体育俱乐部的本质与特征[J].上海体育学院学报.2001 25(3);1～6
[9] 刘民胜、付戈弋、王利芳等.股份制与中国职业足球改革发展问题研究[J].中国体育科技.2002 38(3);10～13
[10] 谭建湘、周志伟、路卫国.关于职业俱乐部的投资行为与投资环境[J].天津体育学院学报.2000 15(2);10～13
[11] 陈琦.我国职业足球俱乐部的管理现状及对策研究[J].体育科学.1997 17(3);23～26
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[1]于立贤、钟秉枢. 我国竞技体育职业化研究综述[J].中国体育科技.2000 36(10); 8～11
[2] 全国体育院校通用教材.现代足球[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000,6
[1]商务印书馆.新华词典[M]北京 2001
[2]龙斌、唐文进、龙勇.我国竞技体育职业化“四步曲”——社会化、实体化、市场化和产业化的思辨[J].武汉体育学院学报.1999 129(2);13～18
[3]广州体育学院课题组. 我国高水平体育俱乐部的现状与发展的研究[J].中国软科学1998 6;1.3-106
[1]吴雪萍、司虎克.影响我国教练员运用体育科技成果的因素[J].上海体育学院学报.2002 26(1);18～23
[1]毛武杨. 中国竞技排球发展的新思路[J].南京体育学院学报.2000 15(1);60～61
[1]编委会.中国足球年鉴[M].湖北:武汉出版社,2002,9
[1]辛利.关于我国竞技体育俱乐部产业化经营模式的探讨[J].广州体育学院学报.2000 20(4);12～16
[1] 权德庆、高铭贤、雷福民等.体育统计[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社.1994
[2] 杨西佳.中国足球风云[M].江西:百花洲文艺出版社,2000,4
[3] 编委会.中国足球年鉴[M].湖北:武汉出版社,2002,9
[4]戴三育,柳若松.体育科研理论与方法[M].陕西:西安地图出版社,2001,
[5]张林.职业体育俱乐部运行机制[M].北京:人民体育出版社.2001
[6] 鲍明晓.体育产业—新的经济增长点[M].北京:人民体育出版社 2000
[7] 朱舰、梁建桃、游松辉.世界排球市场化[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社.2002
[8] 《体育科学研究方法》编写组.体育科学研究方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998
[9] 郑旗、李吉慧.现代体育科学研究的理论与方法[M].北京:人民体育出版社.2001
[1] 陈云开.中国职业运动项目的市场结构及其完善的策略构想[J].上海体育学院学报.2002 26(1);1～6
[2] 张林.我国职业体育俱乐部运行机制的主要缺陷[J].体育科学.2001 21(4);11～14
[3] 凌平.中国发展体育俱乐部的若干问题思考[J].体育与科学.2000 21(4);17～20
[4] 莫君晶.对我国体育职业俱乐部产权问题的审视[J].体育科研.2001 22(1);45～47
[5] 汪焱、刘献民.促进排球俱乐部良性发展的有力措施―对排球甲 A 俱乐部自主办赛的社会学研究 [J].福建体育科技.2002 21(4)
[6] 陈林祥.对我国职业足球俱乐部发展的初步研究[J].武汉体育学院学报.1995 108(1);11～16
[7] 孙克宜、秦椿林.试论体育管理体制与中国体育管理体制改革[J].北京体育大学学报.1995 18(1);1～13
[8] 张林、徐昌豹.现代职业体育俱乐部的本质与特征[J].上海体育学院学报.2001 25(3);1～6
[9] 刘民胜、付戈弋、王利芳等.股份制与中国职业足球改革发展问题研究[J].中国体育科技.2002 38(3);10～13
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