脱硫特许经营项目中烟气脱硫工程经济评价模型的设计与开发
|
摘要
随着烟气脱硫产业的快速发展,出现了部分烟气脱硫工程建设质量不过关、脱硫设施投运率低、运行维护效果差等问题。为提高烟气脱硫设施建设质量,国家发改委会同国家环保总局组织开展了火电厂烟气脱硫特许经营试点。这对于建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会具有积极意义。为此,需要在项目开始前期进行电厂烟气脱硫工程的经济可行性研究,该项研究是决定是否开展烟气脱硫特许经营的关键因素。
正是基于以上背景,我们对烟气脱硫特许经营项目的经济评价体系进行了相应的信息化建设。本文基于软件工程方法学详细介绍了此经济评价软件的开发流程,包括:问题描述、可行性研究、软件需求分析、概要设计、详细设计、系统的实施等多个阶段,逐步完成了“烟气脱硫工程经济评价软件”的开发工作。具体研究内容如下:
(1)对烟气脱硫工程模型开发的可行性研究,包括:技术可行性、经济可行性、操作可行性和社会可行性;
(2)对烟气脱硫工程模型开发的需求分析做了问题调研、功能需求分析、数据需求分析和性能需求分析。其中的功能需求严格按照软件开发流程,建立了分层的数据流图和数据字典;同时,数据需求分析给出了系统的实体联系图。
(3)接下来在烟气脱硫工程模型的设计中,分别给出了系统的软件结构图和数据库的设计,在数据库设计里完成了系统所需的各种二维表格的结构创建。
(4)通过前面对烟气脱硫工程的经济评价模型的分析和设计,采用VB.NET语言、利用SQL SERVER2005数据库管理软件,对该系统进行了技术上的实现。
烟气脱硫工程经济评价软件的开发有助于提高企业投资决策的科学化水平,有助于引导和促进各类资源合理配置,优化投资结构,减少和规避投资风险。具体到中电投远达环保工程有限公司的烟气脱硫经营项目而言,该软件的开发能够为企业节约前期项目建议书和各种可行性研究报告费用的20%。同时,烟气脱硫特许经营在我国尚处于试点阶段,没有同类软件的开发流程可供借鉴,因此本软件的开发具有很强的创新性,无论是从软件工程的角度,还是从企业信息化建设的角度,都将对同类软件开发具有示范效应。
The rapid development of Flue Gas Desulfurization Industry causes the problems such as the quality failure of some FGD projects, low operation efficiency of FGD devices, the poor operation maintenance. To improve the construction quality of the FGD facilities, the National Development and Reform Commission and State Environmental Protection Administration organized pilot program for FGD BOT for coal-fired power plants. The FGD BOT model is favorable for integration of resources, improvement of capital structure. The FGD projects for power plant operating in such model will help realizing the environmental industrialization, creating benefits for investor, creditor, and achieving the goal of emission reduction, that will contribute to the built of energy-saving and environmental friendly sociality. Adoption of the FGD BOT model goes in parallel with the national policy. As CPI Yuanda Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd meets the requirements on technology, operation management, reserve of talents and financing capacity, the key factor for operating the FGD BOT model is the economic feasibility of the FGD project in power plants.
Therefore, in this article, it studies the economic feasibility of the FGD BOT in detail, which can be summarized in following 3 aspects: firstly establishing the financial and economic evaluation system; Secondly taking the 2×600MW units FGD project of the CPI Jiangxi Xinchang Power Company as subject, to expound and prove in detail the Financial and Economic Evaluation System for FGD BOT project; Finally analyzing and elaborating the application value of financial and economic evaluation system for the FGD BOT project. The main contents in this paper include:
(1) The possibility research of this FGD project include: the possibility of technology, the possibility of economy, the possibility of operation and the possibility of society.
(2) We discuss the requirement of, such as how to study the issue, how many functions in this system, what kind of relationship among different data. The requirement of function exactly follows the rules of the programming development; we build the layered DFD and data dictionary. At the same time we also build entity-relationship graphics for data requirement.
(3) Then in the procedure of design of FGD project model, we build the software structure chart and database. At the same time we build all kinds of data tables of this system.
(4) From the discussion and design of this economy evaluation model in FGD project, we use VB.NET language, SQL SERVER2005 language to develop the system.
The Gross Revenue of FGD BOT project consists of desulfurization tariffs revenue and the desulfurization by-products sales revenue. The movement of online electricity quantity of power plant is in direct proportion to the desulfurization tariffs revenue, when receiving the same subsidy on desulfurization tariffs, which means the online electricity quantity, is higher and the desulfurization tariffs revenue gets higher. The operation costs of FGD project comprises of fix cost, variable cost and financial cost. The variable cost is in direct to the operation cost. By analyzing the project income, costs, making Cash Flow table, to define the economic feasibility of the project and make proper investments with the financial and economic evaluation indicators such as the project internal rate of return, net present value, return period of investment.
正是基于以上背景,我们对烟气脱硫特许经营项目的经济评价体系进行了相应的信息化建设。本文基于软件工程方法学详细介绍了此经济评价软件的开发流程,包括:问题描述、可行性研究、软件需求分析、概要设计、详细设计、系统的实施等多个阶段,逐步完成了“烟气脱硫工程经济评价软件”的开发工作。具体研究内容如下:
(1)对烟气脱硫工程模型开发的可行性研究,包括:技术可行性、经济可行性、操作可行性和社会可行性;
(2)对烟气脱硫工程模型开发的需求分析做了问题调研、功能需求分析、数据需求分析和性能需求分析。其中的功能需求严格按照软件开发流程,建立了分层的数据流图和数据字典;同时,数据需求分析给出了系统的实体联系图。
(3)接下来在烟气脱硫工程模型的设计中,分别给出了系统的软件结构图和数据库的设计,在数据库设计里完成了系统所需的各种二维表格的结构创建。
(4)通过前面对烟气脱硫工程的经济评价模型的分析和设计,采用VB.NET语言、利用SQL SERVER2005数据库管理软件,对该系统进行了技术上的实现。
烟气脱硫工程经济评价软件的开发有助于提高企业投资决策的科学化水平,有助于引导和促进各类资源合理配置,优化投资结构,减少和规避投资风险。具体到中电投远达环保工程有限公司的烟气脱硫经营项目而言,该软件的开发能够为企业节约前期项目建议书和各种可行性研究报告费用的20%。同时,烟气脱硫特许经营在我国尚处于试点阶段,没有同类软件的开发流程可供借鉴,因此本软件的开发具有很强的创新性,无论是从软件工程的角度,还是从企业信息化建设的角度,都将对同类软件开发具有示范效应。
The rapid development of Flue Gas Desulfurization Industry causes the problems such as the quality failure of some FGD projects, low operation efficiency of FGD devices, the poor operation maintenance. To improve the construction quality of the FGD facilities, the National Development and Reform Commission and State Environmental Protection Administration organized pilot program for FGD BOT for coal-fired power plants. The FGD BOT model is favorable for integration of resources, improvement of capital structure. The FGD projects for power plant operating in such model will help realizing the environmental industrialization, creating benefits for investor, creditor, and achieving the goal of emission reduction, that will contribute to the built of energy-saving and environmental friendly sociality. Adoption of the FGD BOT model goes in parallel with the national policy. As CPI Yuanda Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd meets the requirements on technology, operation management, reserve of talents and financing capacity, the key factor for operating the FGD BOT model is the economic feasibility of the FGD project in power plants.
Therefore, in this article, it studies the economic feasibility of the FGD BOT in detail, which can be summarized in following 3 aspects: firstly establishing the financial and economic evaluation system; Secondly taking the 2×600MW units FGD project of the CPI Jiangxi Xinchang Power Company as subject, to expound and prove in detail the Financial and Economic Evaluation System for FGD BOT project; Finally analyzing and elaborating the application value of financial and economic evaluation system for the FGD BOT project. The main contents in this paper include:
(1) The possibility research of this FGD project include: the possibility of technology, the possibility of economy, the possibility of operation and the possibility of society.
(2) We discuss the requirement of, such as how to study the issue, how many functions in this system, what kind of relationship among different data. The requirement of function exactly follows the rules of the programming development; we build the layered DFD and data dictionary. At the same time we also build entity-relationship graphics for data requirement.
(3) Then in the procedure of design of FGD project model, we build the software structure chart and database. At the same time we build all kinds of data tables of this system.
(4) From the discussion and design of this economy evaluation model in FGD project, we use VB.NET language, SQL SERVER2005 language to develop the system.
The Gross Revenue of FGD BOT project consists of desulfurization tariffs revenue and the desulfurization by-products sales revenue. The movement of online electricity quantity of power plant is in direct proportion to the desulfurization tariffs revenue, when receiving the same subsidy on desulfurization tariffs, which means the online electricity quantity, is higher and the desulfurization tariffs revenue gets higher. The operation costs of FGD project comprises of fix cost, variable cost and financial cost. The variable cost is in direct to the operation cost. By analyzing the project income, costs, making Cash Flow table, to define the economic feasibility of the project and make proper investments with the financial and economic evaluation indicators such as the project internal rate of return, net present value, return period of investment.
引文
[1]国发[2005]39号,《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》
[2]国发[2007]15号,《国务院关于印发节能减排综合性工作方案的通知》
[3]发改办环资[2007]1570号,《关于开展火电厂烟气脱硫特许经营试点工作的通知》
[4]美国项目管理协会,卢有杰、王勇译,项目管理知识体系指南(第三版),电子工业出版社,2004
[5] International Project Management Association ICB-IPMA Competence,2003
[6] Ahmed,Priscilla.Build-Opeartion-Transfer in developing countries. Washionton : International Finance Corp, 1999
[7]张智海.我国推行BOT的几个问题.国际贸易, 1996 (1):43-45
[8]朱明. BOT总承包模式在电力工程中的应用前景.电力勘测,2002(4)
[9]顾长浩,马贝艺. BOT投融资模式的起源与发展.北京:东吴法学,1999(7)
[10]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,火力发电工程建设预算编制与计算标准。北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[11]刘华新.基于项目管理的发电企业大修管理支持系统的研究.北京:华北电力大学,2004
[12]尹贻林.工程项目管理学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1997
[13]张超.政府的作用对BOT项目特许权期确定和产品价格制定的影响.沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006
[14]李金早等,《BOT投资方式》,中国经济出版社,1996
[15]顾建妹.论电力行业BOT风险管理,南方金融,2000(3)
[16] Software Engineering Body of Knowledge. 2004
[17] Paul Clements,Addison Wesley, L. Northrop. Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Longman, September 2001.
[18]孙晓岭.试论BOT项目在我国的运作及对策.成都:西南财经大学,1999
[19]王宝利,吴金辉,何江海.火电厂烟气脱硫特许经营相关影响因素分析.电力技术经济,2009(21-1)54-57
[20]张涛. BOT方式在我国铁路工程建设中的应用研究.成都:西南交通大学,2004
[21]王淑云. BOT与我国的基础设施建设.重庆交通学院学报,1998(6)术经济,2008.4 20-24
[23]文雯.烟气脱硫BOT何去何从.环境经济,2007(11)27-29
[24] R. Kazman and M. Klein. Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies. Addison Wesley Longman, 323 pages, October 2001.
[25] F. Bachmann, L. Bass, D. Garlan, J. Ivers, R. Little, R. Nord, and J. Stafford. Documenting Software Architectures: Views and Beyond. Addison Wesley Longman, 560 pages, September 2002.
[26]北京市工程咨询公司,BOT项目指南—基础设施投资方式之一,北京:地震出版社,1995
[27]唐红键.采用BOT模式治理二氧化硫污染的探讨和实践.电力建设,2003(5)
[28] Len Bass,Paul Clements, Rick Kazman. Software Architecture in Practice (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional publishing company. 2003
[29] Suzanne Robertson, James Robertson. Mastering the Requirements Process (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional publishing company. 2006
[2]国发[2007]15号,《国务院关于印发节能减排综合性工作方案的通知》
[3]发改办环资[2007]1570号,《关于开展火电厂烟气脱硫特许经营试点工作的通知》
[4]美国项目管理协会,卢有杰、王勇译,项目管理知识体系指南(第三版),电子工业出版社,2004
[5] International Project Management Association ICB-IPMA Competence,2003
[6] Ahmed,Priscilla.Build-Opeartion-Transfer in developing countries. Washionton : International Finance Corp, 1999
[7]张智海.我国推行BOT的几个问题.国际贸易, 1996 (1):43-45
[8]朱明. BOT总承包模式在电力工程中的应用前景.电力勘测,2002(4)
[9]顾长浩,马贝艺. BOT投融资模式的起源与发展.北京:东吴法学,1999(7)
[10]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,火力发电工程建设预算编制与计算标准。北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[11]刘华新.基于项目管理的发电企业大修管理支持系统的研究.北京:华北电力大学,2004
[12]尹贻林.工程项目管理学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1997
[13]张超.政府的作用对BOT项目特许权期确定和产品价格制定的影响.沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006
[14]李金早等,《BOT投资方式》,中国经济出版社,1996
[15]顾建妹.论电力行业BOT风险管理,南方金融,2000(3)
[16] Software Engineering Body of Knowledge. 2004
[17] Paul Clements,Addison Wesley, L. Northrop. Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. Longman, September 2001.
[18]孙晓岭.试论BOT项目在我国的运作及对策.成都:西南财经大学,1999
[19]王宝利,吴金辉,何江海.火电厂烟气脱硫特许经营相关影响因素分析.电力技术经济,2009(21-1)54-57
[20]张涛. BOT方式在我国铁路工程建设中的应用研究.成都:西南交通大学,2004
[21]王淑云. BOT与我国的基础设施建设.重庆交通学院学报,1998(6)术经济,2008.4 20-24
[23]文雯.烟气脱硫BOT何去何从.环境经济,2007(11)27-29
[24] R. Kazman and M. Klein. Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies. Addison Wesley Longman, 323 pages, October 2001.
[25] F. Bachmann, L. Bass, D. Garlan, J. Ivers, R. Little, R. Nord, and J. Stafford. Documenting Software Architectures: Views and Beyond. Addison Wesley Longman, 560 pages, September 2002.
[26]北京市工程咨询公司,BOT项目指南—基础设施投资方式之一,北京:地震出版社,1995
[27]唐红键.采用BOT模式治理二氧化硫污染的探讨和实践.电力建设,2003(5)
[28] Len Bass,Paul Clements, Rick Kazman. Software Architecture in Practice (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional publishing company. 2003
[29] Suzanne Robertson, James Robertson. Mastering the Requirements Process (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional publishing company. 2006