发电机组一次调节性能评价指标的研究
|
摘要
在电力市场环境下，发电厂商和电网分离，发电厂商将作为独立的法人通过市场销售其电能及其辅助服务。辅助服务是电力市场环境下最重要的特征之一。发电机组的一次调频就是一种重要的辅助服务。一次调节直接影响电网的频率质量，对电网的稳定起着重要的作用。由于一次调频辅助服务的特殊性，电网公司要求所有并网机组都要将发电机组的一次调频功能投入运行，但发电企业为了自身的利益经常将发电机组的一次调节功能闭锁。为了促进一次调频功能的投入，则需要对其服务质量进行考核，也就是说机组的一次调节性能需要考核。针对发电机组一次调节性能的考核，人们已经提出了一些不同的考核指标，其中比较有代表性的是一次调频投运率、一次调节贡献电量、平均调节量等，但这些指标都存在不足之处。
本文提出了一种新的评价指标。首先对电力系统的频率控制做了详细的分析和介绍，接着对CPS标准进行了深入的分析和研究，探讨了CPS1标准与发电机组一次调频和二次调频之间的关系，然后介绍并分析了目前的几种评价发电机组一次调节性能的的指标及方法和补偿措施。在此基础上根据需要构造了评价发电机组一次调节性能的指标，并通过仿真验证了此评价指标反映的情况与实际理论相吻合。这个新的考核指标有如下的特点：第一，这是一种基于概率的用长期的实时数据累计反映机组一次调频能力的指标；第二，它能正确反映发电机组的一次调频投切状态及调节能力。
In electrical market, the generation companies have been divided from the grid company,they sell their power and ancillary service through market as an artificial person. Ancillaryservice is one of important characteristics of electrical market. The generator unit primaryfrequency regulation is a kind of important ancillary service. The primary frequencyregulation has direct effect on the grid frequency, and it is very important to maintain thestability of power systems. Because of the particularity of primary frequency regulationancillary service, the grid company requires the generator units make the primary frequencyregulation on operation. But the generation companies don't want to do like that because oftheir own profit. In order to spur the generation companies woke well, it is necessary for thegrid companies to assess the quality of their services. As to performance estimation ofprimary frequency regulation, some different indexes have been put forward. Therepresentational indexes include: the rate of primary frequency regulation on operation, thecontributing energy of primary frequency regulation, the average of regulation quantity and soon. But these indexes have some shortages.
This paper proposes a new index to estimate the primary frequency regulation. First of all,this paper gives a detailed introduce and analysis of the frequency control, then studies theCPS standard, and discusses the relation between CPS criteria and primary frequencyregulation and secondary frequency regulation. Then, it introduces and analyses someindexes、methods for estimating the performance of primary frequency regulation. Also, thispaper introduces some kinds of compensate methods. Finally, this paper proposes a new indexto estimate the performance of primary frequency regulation. In the ending of this paper, thisnew index is proved to be valid by using of the simulation.
The characteristics of this new evaluation method including:
1. This index is based on probability, using long term real-time data to estimate theperformance of primary frequency regulation.
2. This index can reflect whether the primary frequency regulation is on operation andestimate the performance of the primary frequency regulation.
本文提出了一种新的评价指标。首先对电力系统的频率控制做了详细的分析和介绍，接着对CPS标准进行了深入的分析和研究，探讨了CPS1标准与发电机组一次调频和二次调频之间的关系，然后介绍并分析了目前的几种评价发电机组一次调节性能的的指标及方法和补偿措施。在此基础上根据需要构造了评价发电机组一次调节性能的指标，并通过仿真验证了此评价指标反映的情况与实际理论相吻合。这个新的考核指标有如下的特点：第一，这是一种基于概率的用长期的实时数据累计反映机组一次调频能力的指标；第二，它能正确反映发电机组的一次调频投切状态及调节能力。
In electrical market, the generation companies have been divided from the grid company,they sell their power and ancillary service through market as an artificial person. Ancillaryservice is one of important characteristics of electrical market. The generator unit primaryfrequency regulation is a kind of important ancillary service. The primary frequencyregulation has direct effect on the grid frequency, and it is very important to maintain thestability of power systems. Because of the particularity of primary frequency regulationancillary service, the grid company requires the generator units make the primary frequencyregulation on operation. But the generation companies don't want to do like that because oftheir own profit. In order to spur the generation companies woke well, it is necessary for thegrid companies to assess the quality of their services. As to performance estimation ofprimary frequency regulation, some different indexes have been put forward. Therepresentational indexes include: the rate of primary frequency regulation on operation, thecontributing energy of primary frequency regulation, the average of regulation quantity and soon. But these indexes have some shortages.
This paper proposes a new index to estimate the primary frequency regulation. First of all,this paper gives a detailed introduce and analysis of the frequency control, then studies theCPS standard, and discusses the relation between CPS criteria and primary frequencyregulation and secondary frequency regulation. Then, it introduces and analyses someindexes、methods for estimating the performance of primary frequency regulation. Also, thispaper introduces some kinds of compensate methods. Finally, this paper proposes a new indexto estimate the performance of primary frequency regulation. In the ending of this paper, thisnew index is proved to be valid by using of the simulation.
The characteristics of this new evaluation method including:
1. This index is based on probability, using long term real-time data to estimate theperformance of primary frequency regulation.
2. This index can reflect whether the primary frequency regulation is on operation andestimate the performance of the primary frequency regulation.
引文
[1] 商国才等．电力系统自动化[M]．天津：天津大学出版社．1999．
[2] 王锡凡，王秀丽，陈皓勇．电力市场基础[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2002．
[3] 王锡凡．有关当前我国电力市场若干问题探讨[J]．中国电力，2001，34(10)：66-70．
[4] Marija Ilic, Power System Restructuring(Engineering and Economics). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[5] F. C. Schweppe, M. C. Caramanis, R. D. Tabors, R. E. Bohn. Spot Pricing of Electricity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[6] 张斌．自动发电控制及一次调频控制系统[M]．北京：中国电力出版社．2005．
[7] 王锡凡，王秀丽，别朝红．电力市场条件下电力系统可靠性问题[J]．电力系统自动化，2000 24(8)：19-23．
[8] Control performance criteria training ocument. Http://www.nerc.com,1994:CPC-1-CPC-19.
[9] Policy 1-generation control and performance(Version2).Police Subsections. Http://www.nerc.com,2002:P1-1-P1-19.
[10] Marija Ilic, Power System Restructuring(Engineering and Economics). Eluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[11] Harry Singh and Alex Papalexopoulos, Competitive procurement of ancillary services by an independent system operator, [J].IEEE Trans. Power Systems. vol4. no. 2,May, 1999:498-504.
[12] 安徽电网发电企业调度运行管理办法．安徽省经济委员会，2006．5．19．
[13] 李端超，陈实，陈中元．发电机组一次调节效能实时测定及补偿方法[J]．电力系统自动化，2004，28(2)：70-72．
[14] 浙江电网统调电厂B类机组管理办法．浙江电网公司，2006．5．1．
[15] 钱玉妹，张勇，徐春雷．利用有效频率扰动进行机组一次调频性能测评的方法[C]．第二十九届中国电网调度运行会收录论文全集．
[16] 何仰赞，温增银等编著．电力系统分析[M]．第二版．武汉：华中理工大学出版社．1996．
[17] 《电力系统调频与自动发电控制》编委会编著．电力系统调频与自动发电控制[M]．北京：中国电力出版社．2006．
[18] 陈珩．电力系统稳态分析[M]．第二版．北京：中国电力出版社．
[19] 刘娆，林伟，李卫东．互联电力系统运行控制性能评价标准的探讨[J]．电力系统自动化，2005，29(8)：87-91．
[20] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Policy 1-Generation Control and Performance. In Opreating Manual, 1996, Page(s): 1-14.
[21] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Performance Standard Training Document. In Opreating Manual, 1996, Page(s): 1-20.
[22] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Control Performance Criteria Training Document, In Opreating Manual, 1996, Page(s): 1-20.
[23] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Control Performance Standard limits (1997), 1998.
[24] Nasser jaleeli, Louis VanSlyck. NERC's New Control Performance Standards. IEEE Transactions on Power System, August 1999,14(3):1092-1099.
[25] N. Jaleeli, D.N. Ewart, L.H. Fink. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEEE Trans. on Power System, 1992, Vol. 7(3): 1106-1122.
[26] R.L. King, Minh-Luan Ngo, R. Luck. Interconnected System Frequency Response. System Theory, 1996. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium in 1996 Page(s): 306-310.
[27] M.-L.D. Ngo, R.L. King, R. Luck. Implications of Frequency Bias Settings on AGC. System Theory, 1995. Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium in 1995 Page(s): 83-86.
[28] Tetsuo Sasaki, Kazuhiro Enomoto. Statistical and Dynamic Analysis of Generation Control Performance Standards[J]. IEEE Transactions on power systems, 2002, VOL. 17(2): 476-481.
[29] retsuo Sasaki, Kazuhiro Enomoto. Dynamic Analysis of Generation Control Performance Standards[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, 2002, VOL. 17(3): 806-811.
[30] 张森，张正亮等编著．MATLAB仿真技术与实例应用教程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．2004
[31] 马哈拉纳庇斯等著．电力系统计算机辅助分析与控制．北京：水利电力出版社．1991．
[32] 卢勇，刘友宽，赵涓等．完善云南电网一次调频功能研究[J]．云南电力技术，2005，33(6)：12-14．
[33] 魏路平．浙江电网机组一次调频问题的分析研究[J]．浙江电力，2004，1：26-28．
[34] 王玉山，雷为民，李胜．京津唐电网一次调频投入现状及存在问题分析[J]．华北电力技术，2006，3：1-3．
[35] 张毅．河南电网频率响应及机组一次调频问题的分析研究[J]．中国电力，2002，35(7)：35-38．
[36] 广东电力系统调度规程．广东电网公司，2006．10．1．
[37] 华东电力市场运营规则．国家电力监管委员会，2004．4．
[38] 华中电网发电机组一次调频运行考核管理办法．华中电监局，2006．7．1．
[39] 江西省并网发电企业技术管理暂行办法．江西省经济委员会，2004．11．4．
[40] 福建发电企业辅助服务及定价．福建省电力行业协会福建发电企业辅助服务及定价课题组，2004．12．
[41] 西北电网调度管理制度．西北电网公司，2006．7．1．
[42] 张海英．全面推进一次调频运行[N]．华中电力报，2006年／3月／31日／第001版．
[43] 王俊洋，吕琴．AGC及一次调频运用介绍[J]．西北电建，2004，3：10-12．
[44] 吕闻，邹智勇，骆敬年．系统单位调节功率一次调频及事故处理的分析[J]．华东电力，2006，34(3)：65-68．
[45] 张勤，刘双林，梁兆瑞．投入发电机组的一次调频功能确保电网高质量电力供应[J]．华北电力技术，2002，6：52-54．
[46] 段男，李国胜，王玉山．大型火电机组一次调频功能投入的研究[J]．华北电力技术，2003，10：1-4．
[2] 王锡凡，王秀丽，陈皓勇．电力市场基础[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2002．
[3] 王锡凡．有关当前我国电力市场若干问题探讨[J]．中国电力，2001，34(10)：66-70．
[4] Marija Ilic, Power System Restructuring(Engineering and Economics). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[5] F. C. Schweppe, M. C. Caramanis, R. D. Tabors, R. E. Bohn. Spot Pricing of Electricity. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[6] 张斌．自动发电控制及一次调频控制系统[M]．北京：中国电力出版社．2005．
[7] 王锡凡，王秀丽，别朝红．电力市场条件下电力系统可靠性问题[J]．电力系统自动化，2000 24(8)：19-23．
[8] Control performance criteria training ocument. Http://www.nerc.com,1994:CPC-1-CPC-19.
[9] Policy 1-generation control and performance(Version2).Police Subsections. Http://www.nerc.com,2002:P1-1-P1-19.
[10] Marija Ilic, Power System Restructuring(Engineering and Economics). Eluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[11] Harry Singh and Alex Papalexopoulos, Competitive procurement of ancillary services by an independent system operator, [J].IEEE Trans. Power Systems. vol4. no. 2,May, 1999:498-504.
[12] 安徽电网发电企业调度运行管理办法．安徽省经济委员会，2006．5．19．
[13] 李端超，陈实，陈中元．发电机组一次调节效能实时测定及补偿方法[J]．电力系统自动化，2004，28(2)：70-72．
[14] 浙江电网统调电厂B类机组管理办法．浙江电网公司，2006．5．1．
[15] 钱玉妹，张勇，徐春雷．利用有效频率扰动进行机组一次调频性能测评的方法[C]．第二十九届中国电网调度运行会收录论文全集．
[16] 何仰赞，温增银等编著．电力系统分析[M]．第二版．武汉：华中理工大学出版社．1996．
[17] 《电力系统调频与自动发电控制》编委会编著．电力系统调频与自动发电控制[M]．北京：中国电力出版社．2006．
[18] 陈珩．电力系统稳态分析[M]．第二版．北京：中国电力出版社．
[19] 刘娆，林伟，李卫东．互联电力系统运行控制性能评价标准的探讨[J]．电力系统自动化，2005，29(8)：87-91．
[20] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Policy 1-Generation Control and Performance. In Opreating Manual, 1996, Page(s): 1-14.
[21] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Performance Standard Training Document. In Opreating Manual, 1996, Page(s): 1-20.
[22] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Control Performance Criteria Training Document, In Opreating Manual, 1996, Page(s): 1-20.
[23] North American Electric Reliability Council(NERC). Control Performance Standard limits (1997), 1998.
[24] Nasser jaleeli, Louis VanSlyck. NERC's New Control Performance Standards. IEEE Transactions on Power System, August 1999,14(3):1092-1099.
[25] N. Jaleeli, D.N. Ewart, L.H. Fink. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEEE Trans. on Power System, 1992, Vol. 7(3): 1106-1122.
[26] R.L. King, Minh-Luan Ngo, R. Luck. Interconnected System Frequency Response. System Theory, 1996. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium in 1996 Page(s): 306-310.
[27] M.-L.D. Ngo, R.L. King, R. Luck. Implications of Frequency Bias Settings on AGC. System Theory, 1995. Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium in 1995 Page(s): 83-86.
[28] Tetsuo Sasaki, Kazuhiro Enomoto. Statistical and Dynamic Analysis of Generation Control Performance Standards[J]. IEEE Transactions on power systems, 2002, VOL. 17(2): 476-481.
[29] retsuo Sasaki, Kazuhiro Enomoto. Dynamic Analysis of Generation Control Performance Standards[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, 2002, VOL. 17(3): 806-811.
[30] 张森，张正亮等编著．MATLAB仿真技术与实例应用教程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．2004
[31] 马哈拉纳庇斯等著．电力系统计算机辅助分析与控制．北京：水利电力出版社．1991．
[32] 卢勇，刘友宽，赵涓等．完善云南电网一次调频功能研究[J]．云南电力技术，2005，33(6)：12-14．
[33] 魏路平．浙江电网机组一次调频问题的分析研究[J]．浙江电力，2004，1：26-28．
[34] 王玉山，雷为民，李胜．京津唐电网一次调频投入现状及存在问题分析[J]．华北电力技术，2006，3：1-3．
[35] 张毅．河南电网频率响应及机组一次调频问题的分析研究[J]．中国电力，2002，35(7)：35-38．
[36] 广东电力系统调度规程．广东电网公司，2006．10．1．
[37] 华东电力市场运营规则．国家电力监管委员会，2004．4．
[38] 华中电网发电机组一次调频运行考核管理办法．华中电监局，2006．7．1．
[39] 江西省并网发电企业技术管理暂行办法．江西省经济委员会，2004．11．4．
[40] 福建发电企业辅助服务及定价．福建省电力行业协会福建发电企业辅助服务及定价课题组，2004．12．
[41] 西北电网调度管理制度．西北电网公司，2006．7．1．
[42] 张海英．全面推进一次调频运行[N]．华中电力报，2006年／3月／31日／第001版．
[43] 王俊洋，吕琴．AGC及一次调频运用介绍[J]．西北电建，2004，3：10-12．
[44] 吕闻，邹智勇，骆敬年．系统单位调节功率一次调频及事故处理的分析[J]．华东电力，2006，34(3)：65-68．
[45] 张勤，刘双林，梁兆瑞．投入发电机组的一次调频功能确保电网高质量电力供应[J]．华北电力技术，2002，6：52-54．
[46] 段男，李国胜，王玉山．大型火电机组一次调频功能投入的研究[J]．华北电力技术，2003，10：1-4．