蓄电池监控系统的设计和实现
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摘要
蓄电池监控系统将电力电子技术、小信号测量技术、相敏检波技术、锁定放大技术及计算机控制技术结合起来,本文采用了高性能的Motorola32位单片机MC68332作为控制核心,使用了大屏幕汉化液晶作为显示界面,采用单片机抗干扰技术、数字滤波算法以及压频转换电路等作为抗干扰措施,使系统不仅具有测量准确、功能强大、操作简单、全中文显示等特点,还有较强的抗干扰能力、可靠性高等特点。
论文对密封免维护铅酸蓄电池的各种性能参数及其相互关系进行了分析,给出了相关的特性曲线。对废旧蓄电池的复活及密封免维护铅酸蓄电池在应用中应注意的问题也作了相关的论述。
论文采用微机分布式控制和模块化设计方案,对蓄电池的电压、电流、温度和内阻等参数进行巡回监测。对蓄电池内阻测量方法进行了详尽分析,比较了直流法和交流法的优缺点。给出了蓄电池的内阻模型。采用了四线法,有效地消除了测量导线对内阻测量的影响。给出了蓄电池内阻和容量的关系曲线,实现了蓄电池内阻的在线测量和蓄电池剩余容量的在线估算。详细介绍了蓄电池内阻的测量原理及蓄电池失效机理。根据蓄电池的各项参数(电压、电流、温度和内阻等),采用合理的算法实现了对蓄电池性能的评估,可显示蓄电池性能曲线及趋势图。设置了故障告警和保护电路以及维护程序,提高了系统的智能型和可靠性。设计了较为详尽的软件流程图和有关的程序显示界面。对蓄电池的智能化管理也作了介绍。
The system of battery supervising and measuring synthesizes many advanced technologies, such as power electronics, small signal measurement, phase-sensitive detection, lock-in amplification, computer control and so on. As the Motorola 32-bit single chip microcomputer, MC68332 is used as the core of control. Use a large size LCD screen to view interface. The design of SCM’s anti-jamming, the arithmetic of digital-filtering and the circuit of voltage-frequency transforming are introduced as anti-jamming measures. This measurement instrument has a lot of advantages, such as accurate measurement, powerful functions, easy to operate, Chinese view and so on. Besides, it has also some advantages, such as good performance of anti-jamming, high reliability and so on.
Analyze the performance parameters and the interrelation of the sealed maintenance-free lead acid storage battery in detail, and give the coherent performance curve of battery. It is also discussed about how to activate the invalid battery and some noticeable problems in practice.
Measure the parameters of battery, including voltage, current, temperature and internal resistance, by using distributed control method and modularizing design. Analyze the measurement methods of the internal resistance of battery in detail, and compare the specification of direct current way and alternating current way. Give the method of the internal resistance of battery. Using the four terminal methods, remove effectively the influence from the measurement line. Give the relation curve of the internal resistance and capacity. Measure the internal resistance of battery on line and calculate the remainder capacity of battery. Demonstrate the principle of measuring the internal resistance of battery and the invalidity of battery. According to all kinds of parameters of secondary battery, assess the performance of battery by using rational calculation method. It can view the curve of battery performance and trend line. Having good fault-alarm, protection circuit and maintenance program, enhance the intelligence and reliability of system. Design some coherent graph of program and flow chart of soft in detail. Introduce the intellectual manage of storage battery.
论文对密封免维护铅酸蓄电池的各种性能参数及其相互关系进行了分析,给出了相关的特性曲线。对废旧蓄电池的复活及密封免维护铅酸蓄电池在应用中应注意的问题也作了相关的论述。
论文采用微机分布式控制和模块化设计方案,对蓄电池的电压、电流、温度和内阻等参数进行巡回监测。对蓄电池内阻测量方法进行了详尽分析,比较了直流法和交流法的优缺点。给出了蓄电池的内阻模型。采用了四线法,有效地消除了测量导线对内阻测量的影响。给出了蓄电池内阻和容量的关系曲线,实现了蓄电池内阻的在线测量和蓄电池剩余容量的在线估算。详细介绍了蓄电池内阻的测量原理及蓄电池失效机理。根据蓄电池的各项参数(电压、电流、温度和内阻等),采用合理的算法实现了对蓄电池性能的评估,可显示蓄电池性能曲线及趋势图。设置了故障告警和保护电路以及维护程序,提高了系统的智能型和可靠性。设计了较为详尽的软件流程图和有关的程序显示界面。对蓄电池的智能化管理也作了介绍。
The system of battery supervising and measuring synthesizes many advanced technologies, such as power electronics, small signal measurement, phase-sensitive detection, lock-in amplification, computer control and so on. As the Motorola 32-bit single chip microcomputer, MC68332 is used as the core of control. Use a large size LCD screen to view interface. The design of SCM’s anti-jamming, the arithmetic of digital-filtering and the circuit of voltage-frequency transforming are introduced as anti-jamming measures. This measurement instrument has a lot of advantages, such as accurate measurement, powerful functions, easy to operate, Chinese view and so on. Besides, it has also some advantages, such as good performance of anti-jamming, high reliability and so on.
Analyze the performance parameters and the interrelation of the sealed maintenance-free lead acid storage battery in detail, and give the coherent performance curve of battery. It is also discussed about how to activate the invalid battery and some noticeable problems in practice.
Measure the parameters of battery, including voltage, current, temperature and internal resistance, by using distributed control method and modularizing design. Analyze the measurement methods of the internal resistance of battery in detail, and compare the specification of direct current way and alternating current way. Give the method of the internal resistance of battery. Using the four terminal methods, remove effectively the influence from the measurement line. Give the relation curve of the internal resistance and capacity. Measure the internal resistance of battery on line and calculate the remainder capacity of battery. Demonstrate the principle of measuring the internal resistance of battery and the invalidity of battery. According to all kinds of parameters of secondary battery, assess the performance of battery by using rational calculation method. It can view the curve of battery performance and trend line. Having good fault-alarm, protection circuit and maintenance program, enhance the intelligence and reliability of system. Design some coherent graph of program and flow chart of soft in detail. Introduce the intellectual manage of storage battery.
引文
[1]李成章,智能化UPS供电系统原理与维修,电子工业出版社。1999
[2]李君凯,丁化成,一种新的电力系统谐波分析仪采样计算方法,2000,(10),pp5～17
[3]于海生等,智能电平衡分析测试仪,仪器仪表学报,1999,(1):20～21
[4]于海生,锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现。电测与仪表,1997,(2):12～14
[5]毕大成,周希德,电动汽车铅酸蓄电池快速充电方法的研究,电源技术,2000,(1):159～160
[6]余宏伟,李维波,新颖、快速、高精度变压器直流电阻测试仪的研制与探讨,电子工程师,2001,(27):44～46
[7]徐雁,MCS51单片机测量频率的两种衫方法,电测与仪表,1997,(3):5～7
[8]宗孔德,胡广书,数字信号处理,清华大学出版社,1999
[9]陈森锦,运算放大器应用电路集萃,中国计量出版社,1996
[10]郭文加、刘强编译,MAXIM热门集成电路使用手册,人民邮电出版社,1997
[11]曾毓敏,朱小松,用MAX260/261/262实现切比雪夫带通滤波器,电测与仪表,1999(9):46～48
[12]蒋瑜等,基于MAX262的程控滤波器的实现,电测与仪表,2000,(12):29～32
[13]刘强,高频波形产生器MAX038及其应用,电子技术应用,1995(3):18～20
[14]宋俊德,可编程逻辑器件PLD0原理与应用,电子工业出版社,1996
[15]张立等,现代电力电子技术,科学出版社,1998
[16]王长胤等,单片单板机原理及应用,武汉大学出版社,1999
[17]李华等,MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,1993
[18]余永权,89Flash单片机原理及应用,电子工业出版社,1999
[19]曹茂永等,仪用广大器AD620及其应用,电测与仪表,2000,(10):19～52
[20]韩晓东等,V/F变换在单片机系统中的应用,电子技术应用,2000,(2):7～10
[21]周明德,微型计算机IBM-PC/XT系统原理及应用,清华大学出版社,1998
[22]赵毅等,单片机系统中数字滤算法,电测与仪表,2001,(6):5～8
[23]周修理等,常见的串行通讯接口标准,电测与仪表,2001,(4):33～35
[24]万心平、张厥盛,集成锁相环路(原理、特性、应用),人民邮电出版社1990
[25]谭磊,多单元电池组单元电池电压测量,电测与仪表,1999,(11):17～19
[26]丁道宏,通信电源发展的动力趋势与市场,通信市场,2001,7
[27]李占师,浅谈我国通信电源的发展,通信世界,2001,24
[28]王鸿麟,通信电源发展动态,西安:西安出版社,2000,3～22
[29]杨士元,数字系统的故障诊断与可靠性设计,北京:清华大学出版社,1999,3～53
[30]袁由光,实时系统中的可靠性技术,北京:清华大学出版社,1998,3～83
[31]李海泉,可靠性、可用性、可维性-微机系统的RAS技术,北京:清华大学出版社,2000,3～85
[2]李君凯,丁化成,一种新的电力系统谐波分析仪采样计算方法,2000,(10),pp5～17
[3]于海生等,智能电平衡分析测试仪,仪器仪表学报,1999,(1):20～21
[4]于海生,锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现。电测与仪表,1997,(2):12～14
[5]毕大成,周希德,电动汽车铅酸蓄电池快速充电方法的研究,电源技术,2000,(1):159～160
[6]余宏伟,李维波,新颖、快速、高精度变压器直流电阻测试仪的研制与探讨,电子工程师,2001,(27):44～46
[7]徐雁,MCS51单片机测量频率的两种衫方法,电测与仪表,1997,(3):5～7
[8]宗孔德,胡广书,数字信号处理,清华大学出版社,1999
[9]陈森锦,运算放大器应用电路集萃,中国计量出版社,1996
[10]郭文加、刘强编译,MAXIM热门集成电路使用手册,人民邮电出版社,1997
[11]曾毓敏,朱小松,用MAX260/261/262实现切比雪夫带通滤波器,电测与仪表,1999(9):46～48
[12]蒋瑜等,基于MAX262的程控滤波器的实现,电测与仪表,2000,(12):29～32
[13]刘强,高频波形产生器MAX038及其应用,电子技术应用,1995(3):18～20
[14]宋俊德,可编程逻辑器件PLD0原理与应用,电子工业出版社,1996
[15]张立等,现代电力电子技术,科学出版社,1998
[16]王长胤等,单片单板机原理及应用,武汉大学出版社,1999
[17]李华等,MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,1993
[18]余永权,89Flash单片机原理及应用,电子工业出版社,1999
[19]曹茂永等,仪用广大器AD620及其应用,电测与仪表,2000,(10):19～52
[20]韩晓东等,V/F变换在单片机系统中的应用,电子技术应用,2000,(2):7～10
[21]周明德,微型计算机IBM-PC/XT系统原理及应用,清华大学出版社,1998
[22]赵毅等,单片机系统中数字滤算法,电测与仪表,2001,(6):5～8
[23]周修理等,常见的串行通讯接口标准,电测与仪表,2001,(4):33～35
[24]万心平、张厥盛,集成锁相环路(原理、特性、应用),人民邮电出版社1990
[25]谭磊,多单元电池组单元电池电压测量,电测与仪表,1999,(11):17～19
[26]丁道宏,通信电源发展的动力趋势与市场,通信市场,2001,7
[27]李占师,浅谈我国通信电源的发展,通信世界,2001,24
[28]王鸿麟,通信电源发展动态,西安:西安出版社,2000,3～22
[29]杨士元,数字系统的故障诊断与可靠性设计,北京:清华大学出版社,1999,3～53
[30]袁由光,实时系统中的可靠性技术,北京:清华大学出版社,1998,3～83
[31]李海泉,可靠性、可用性、可维性-微机系统的RAS技术,北京:清华大学出版社,2000,3～85