土—水界面污染流的生态毒理过程模拟研究
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摘要
土-水界面污染流污染物成分复杂,采用常规的理化监测方法,很难对其生态安全性加以评价。
本研究在水生生态毒理实验基础之上,利用重金属Cd、Zn和有机农药甲胺磷(MAP)模拟流经受重金属和农药污染土壤的土-水界面污染流,并以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为对象,以SOD,POD为生物标志物,对其生态毒理过程进行模拟研究,并应用广义联合效应理论,系统研究了Cd、Zn、MAP的单一与联合毒性效应、机理以及土—水界面污染流对Cd、Zn、MAP的单一与联合毒性效应的影响。主要结论如下:
1. Cd、Zn、MAP联合作用与污染暴露的时间有关;
2.在含Cd、Zn、MAP土-水界面污染流中,Cd、Zn、MAP三者之间在毒理过程中的交互作用关系具有方向性,可以用广义联合效应来解释;
3.土-水界面污染流增大了毒理过程中对草鱼的胁迫强度;
4.土-水界面污染流能改变Cd、Zn、MAP在毒理过程中联合作用的类型;
5.土-水界面污染流的毒理过程中,总的联合效应更多的依赖各因子的浓度水平组合。
An ecotoxicological processes simulation research on contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces was performed in this paper. The heavy metal Cd, Zn and a organic pesticide methamidophos was used to simulat the contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces. The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) was used as the test aquatic life. The SOD and POD of grass carp liver tissues were used as the biomarker. The generalized theory of joint effects was employed to analysis the mechanism of single and joint toxicity of Cd, Znand MAP, and the influences of the soil-water interface runoff on the single and joint toxicity of
Cd, Zn and MAP. Main conclusions were summarized as follows:
1. The joint actions of Cd, Zn and MAP have close relation with exposure time;
2. The joint actions of Cd, Zn and MAP are complicate, while the generalized theory of joint effects was possible to be used to explain them.
3. Contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces enhanced the stress to the Ctenopharyngodon idellus during the ecotoxicological processes.
4. Contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces changed the joint action type during the ecotoxicological processes.
5. The combination of concentration levels of different pollutant take a more important role in contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces than otherwise during the ecotoxicological processes.
本研究在水生生态毒理实验基础之上,利用重金属Cd、Zn和有机农药甲胺磷(MAP)模拟流经受重金属和农药污染土壤的土-水界面污染流,并以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为对象,以SOD,POD为生物标志物,对其生态毒理过程进行模拟研究,并应用广义联合效应理论,系统研究了Cd、Zn、MAP的单一与联合毒性效应、机理以及土—水界面污染流对Cd、Zn、MAP的单一与联合毒性效应的影响。主要结论如下:
1. Cd、Zn、MAP联合作用与污染暴露的时间有关;
2.在含Cd、Zn、MAP土-水界面污染流中,Cd、Zn、MAP三者之间在毒理过程中的交互作用关系具有方向性,可以用广义联合效应来解释;
3.土-水界面污染流增大了毒理过程中对草鱼的胁迫强度;
4.土-水界面污染流能改变Cd、Zn、MAP在毒理过程中联合作用的类型;
5.土-水界面污染流的毒理过程中,总的联合效应更多的依赖各因子的浓度水平组合。
An ecotoxicological processes simulation research on contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces was performed in this paper. The heavy metal Cd, Zn and a organic pesticide methamidophos was used to simulat the contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces. The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) was used as the test aquatic life. The SOD and POD of grass carp liver tissues were used as the biomarker. The generalized theory of joint effects was employed to analysis the mechanism of single and joint toxicity of Cd, Znand MAP, and the influences of the soil-water interface runoff on the single and joint toxicity of
Cd, Zn and MAP. Main conclusions were summarized as follows:
1. The joint actions of Cd, Zn and MAP have close relation with exposure time;
2. The joint actions of Cd, Zn and MAP are complicate, while the generalized theory of joint effects was possible to be used to explain them.
3. Contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces enhanced the stress to the Ctenopharyngodon idellus during the ecotoxicological processes.
4. Contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces changed the joint action type during the ecotoxicological processes.
5. The combination of concentration levels of different pollutant take a more important role in contaminative effluents from soil-water interfaces than otherwise during the ecotoxicological processes.
引文
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