甘薯抗性淀粉对大鼠矿物质元素吸收的影响研究
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摘要
抗性淀粉是指不被健康人体小肠所消化吸收的淀粉及其降解产物的总称，现在，初步的临床研究表明它具有和膳食纤维相似的特性，有利于人体保健、防病，但抗性淀粉较传统膳食纤维在食物口感、风味、色泽以及加工特性上更胜一筹。关于抗性淀粉的降脂、降血糖等生理功能，国内外均作了研究，而抗性淀粉对矿物质吸收影响的研究，国内外却没有报道。RS可在结肠、盲肠内发酵产生短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异戊酸等)，降低结肠、盲肠内pH值，而低pH值可促进部分矿物元素在结肠、盲肠内的吸收，正是基于此，本试验以甘薯淀粉为原料，研究了用老化法生产抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件，并系统的研究了甘薯抗性淀粉对Wistar大鼠矿物质元素吸收的影响。研究结果表明：
1)老化法生产抗性淀粉过程中，影响抗性淀粉生成的因素主次为：淀粉糊浓度＞糊化温度＞pH值＞老化时间＞老化温度。当30％的甘薯淀粉糊，调节pH至6.0，120℃下糊化60min，4℃下老化96h可得较高抗性淀粉产率，抗性淀粉含量达23.4％。
2)甘薯抗性淀粉对大鼠的生长性能、脏器发育无不良影响，当饲喂给大鼠含甘薯抗性淀粉6.1％的饲料时，可显著增加排粪量，同时粪便含水率也显著增加。
3)当饲喂给大鼠含甘薯抗性淀粉6.1％的饲料时，甘薯抗性淀粉可显著增加大鼠对钙、镁的表观吸收率，同时血清镁的水平也显著高于对照组。
4)当饲喂给大鼠含甘薯抗性淀粉10.8％的饲料时，甘薯抗性淀粉可显著增加大鼠对铁、锌的表观吸收率，同时血清锌的水平也显著高于对照组。
5)甘薯抗性淀粉促进钙、镁、铁、锌吸收的原因是甘薯抗性淀粉降低了大鼠回肠末端、盲肠、结肠中的pH值，增加了钙、镁、铁、锌在其中的溶解，增加了回肠末端、盲肠中可溶性钙、镁、铁、锌百分比和钙、镁、铁、锌的浓度，从而促进了钙、镁、铁、锌在回肠、盲肠和结肠内的吸收。
6)甘薯抗性淀粉可增加铅污染饲料中铅的排出，当饲料甘薯抗性淀粉含量为6.1％时，大鼠粪铅排出率为91.5％，甘薯抗性淀粉为10.8％时，大鼠粪铅的排出率为96.4％。
7)甘薯抗性淀粉促排铅机理有以下两个方面：一是抗性淀粉可促进钙、铁、锌在肠道内的溶解，从而能竞争性抑制铅的吸收，同时，较好的钙、铁、锌营养，也有利于组织中铅的排出；二是抗性淀粉对铅有较好的吸附作用，它吸附饲料中铅和从胆汁中排出的铅到达盲肠，在其中被微生物发酵后，铅又可与其中的微生物蛋白质结合而随粪便排出体外。
Resistant starch is defined as the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals. It not only has physiological functions similar to dietary fiber, but also unique functional properties. In this study, with sweet potato starch as materials, the optimal parameters for preparation of resistant starch (RS) was investigated, and the effect of RS on the minerals absorption in wistar rats, the results indicated:
1) For these factors in resistant starch preparation, the subsequence of importance was starch concentration > cooking temperature > pH > retrogradation time > retrogradation temperature. With the starch concentration 30%, pH 6.0, heated at 120℃ for 60 minutes, then retrograded at 4℃ for 96 hours, the original starch yield of 23.4% RS.
2) The RS have no bad effect on ability to growth and viscera. The RS can enhanced feces production and the water holding capacity of feces in wistar rats with 6.1% RS provided in diets, preventing constipation.
3) The RS from sweet potato can significantly enhance the calcium, magnesium absorption in wistar rats when 6.1% RS is provided, and the serum magnesium is significantly larger than the control.
4) The RS from sweet potato can significantly enhance the iron, zinc absorption in wistar rats when 10.8% RS is provided, and the serum zinc is significantly larger than the control.
5) The mechanism of enhancing absorption of minerals is that these RS is fermented in ileum and cecum, producing many short chain fatty acid, These fatty acid can increase the concentration of soluble minerals of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and raised their absorption at the bottom of ileum ,cecum and colon.
6)The RS from sweet potato can accelerate the discharge of lead in feces, when the content of RS is 6.1%,the discharge of lead is 91.5%, and RS is 10.8%,the discharge of lead is 96.4%.
7)The mechanism of discharge of lead in feces includes two theories :The one is that RS can accelerate the dissolve of calcium, iron and zinc in intestine, to inhibit the lead absorption
competitively, and the good nutrition of calcium, iron and zinc can accelerate the discharge of lead in tissues ; The other is that RS has absorption effect on lead, It can absorb the lead in feed and facilitate the lead expelling from bile to reach the cecum which can be fermented and combined with protein to vent.
1)老化法生产抗性淀粉过程中，影响抗性淀粉生成的因素主次为：淀粉糊浓度＞糊化温度＞pH值＞老化时间＞老化温度。当30％的甘薯淀粉糊，调节pH至6.0，120℃下糊化60min，4℃下老化96h可得较高抗性淀粉产率，抗性淀粉含量达23.4％。
2)甘薯抗性淀粉对大鼠的生长性能、脏器发育无不良影响，当饲喂给大鼠含甘薯抗性淀粉6.1％的饲料时，可显著增加排粪量，同时粪便含水率也显著增加。
3)当饲喂给大鼠含甘薯抗性淀粉6.1％的饲料时，甘薯抗性淀粉可显著增加大鼠对钙、镁的表观吸收率，同时血清镁的水平也显著高于对照组。
4)当饲喂给大鼠含甘薯抗性淀粉10.8％的饲料时，甘薯抗性淀粉可显著增加大鼠对铁、锌的表观吸收率，同时血清锌的水平也显著高于对照组。
5)甘薯抗性淀粉促进钙、镁、铁、锌吸收的原因是甘薯抗性淀粉降低了大鼠回肠末端、盲肠、结肠中的pH值，增加了钙、镁、铁、锌在其中的溶解，增加了回肠末端、盲肠中可溶性钙、镁、铁、锌百分比和钙、镁、铁、锌的浓度，从而促进了钙、镁、铁、锌在回肠、盲肠和结肠内的吸收。
6)甘薯抗性淀粉可增加铅污染饲料中铅的排出，当饲料甘薯抗性淀粉含量为6.1％时，大鼠粪铅排出率为91.5％，甘薯抗性淀粉为10.8％时，大鼠粪铅的排出率为96.4％。
7)甘薯抗性淀粉促排铅机理有以下两个方面：一是抗性淀粉可促进钙、铁、锌在肠道内的溶解，从而能竞争性抑制铅的吸收，同时，较好的钙、铁、锌营养，也有利于组织中铅的排出；二是抗性淀粉对铅有较好的吸附作用，它吸附饲料中铅和从胆汁中排出的铅到达盲肠，在其中被微生物发酵后，铅又可与其中的微生物蛋白质结合而随粪便排出体外。
Resistant starch is defined as the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals. It not only has physiological functions similar to dietary fiber, but also unique functional properties. In this study, with sweet potato starch as materials, the optimal parameters for preparation of resistant starch (RS) was investigated, and the effect of RS on the minerals absorption in wistar rats, the results indicated:
1) For these factors in resistant starch preparation, the subsequence of importance was starch concentration > cooking temperature > pH > retrogradation time > retrogradation temperature. With the starch concentration 30%, pH 6.0, heated at 120℃ for 60 minutes, then retrograded at 4℃ for 96 hours, the original starch yield of 23.4% RS.
2) The RS have no bad effect on ability to growth and viscera. The RS can enhanced feces production and the water holding capacity of feces in wistar rats with 6.1% RS provided in diets, preventing constipation.
3) The RS from sweet potato can significantly enhance the calcium, magnesium absorption in wistar rats when 6.1% RS is provided, and the serum magnesium is significantly larger than the control.
4) The RS from sweet potato can significantly enhance the iron, zinc absorption in wistar rats when 10.8% RS is provided, and the serum zinc is significantly larger than the control.
5) The mechanism of enhancing absorption of minerals is that these RS is fermented in ileum and cecum, producing many short chain fatty acid, These fatty acid can increase the concentration of soluble minerals of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and raised their absorption at the bottom of ileum ,cecum and colon.
6)The RS from sweet potato can accelerate the discharge of lead in feces, when the content of RS is 6.1%,the discharge of lead is 91.5%, and RS is 10.8%,the discharge of lead is 96.4%.
7)The mechanism of discharge of lead in feces includes two theories :The one is that RS can accelerate the dissolve of calcium, iron and zinc in intestine, to inhibit the lead absorption
competitively, and the good nutrition of calcium, iron and zinc can accelerate the discharge of lead in tissues ; The other is that RS has absorption effect on lead, It can absorb the lead in feed and facilitate the lead expelling from bile to reach the cecum which can be fermented and combined with protein to vent.
引文
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