板栗淀粉的理化特性与板栗产品开发研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本研究以浏阳的铁粒头板栗(Castanea Mollissima Blume)为原料,采用HPLC、DSC、RVA、XRD等仪器和常规理化分析方法对新鲜板栗的营养成分、板栗淀粉的主要组成、物理特性(相对密度、白度、结晶型态和玻璃化转变温度)、板栗淀粉糊性质(RVA粘度曲线、常见食品添加剂对淀粉糊粘度的影响、冰融稳定性、透光率、凝沉性、酶解率、老化值)及板栗淀粉的直、支链淀粉含量进行了测定;此外还研究了添加板栗淀粉后对面团粉质、拉伸特性以及面包品质影响;最后以新鲜板栗为原料生产板栗粉产品,同时对板栗粉添加到面包粉、糯米粉和馒头粉中的应用情况进行了研究,其主要结论如下:
     1.板栗淀粉的相对密度低于玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉,板栗淀粉的白度介于两者之间。板栗淀粉的晶型属于C型,板栗淀粉的玻璃化转变温度为147.7℃。板栗淀粉在蒸馏水中的沉降速度很慢,而在pH=4的酸性条件下的沉降速度很快,加酸对板栗淀粉的沉降速度影响很大。
     2.板栗淀粉RVA粘度曲线表明:板栗淀粉的峰值粘度介于马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉之间,板栗淀粉开始糊化的温度为75.9℃。板栗淀粉糊随着浓度的增加,其峰值粘度衰减度最终粘度逐步增加,糊化的温度逐渐降低。随着食盐浓度增加,其峰值粘度、最终粘度、衰减度和回生值不断降低。蔗糖的存在使淀粉的峰值粘度、最终粘度、衰减度和回生值增加。随着pH值的升高,淀粉糊的粘度逐渐增加,但pH值对糊化温度的影响不大。明矾的存在使板栗淀粉糊的峰值粘度、最终粘度和回生值下降,衰减度升高。
     3.板栗淀粉糊冻融一次后的析水率为37%,比玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉要好。板栗淀粉糊的透光率、酶解率、凝沉性、老化值介于玉米淀粉糊和马铃薯淀粉糊之间。比色法测定板栗淀粉中的直链淀粉含量18%,支链淀粉含量82%,与以往研究结果有较大差别。
     4.板栗淀粉(添加量15%时)可使面团的稳定时间延长,降落值降低,但是对面团的拉伸特性有负面的影响。添加板栗淀粉后的面包在内部颜色、口味和组织结构方
    
    面比对照的要好,在表皮颜色、外表形状、烘焙均匀度和香味方面与对照相当,在体
    积、表皮质地、颗粒气孔方面比对照要差。
     5.每1009鲜板栗仁含水分49.29、蛋白质6.29、脂肪1.49、淀粉39.19、
    粗纤维2.29、还原糖1.979、总糖9.69、灰分1.09、Ca 42.7 mg、Ve 30 mg、p
    63.4 mg等。测得板栗蛋白质中含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸有7种。
     6.板栗热烫剥壳以沸水浴 605左右效果最好,烘烤剥壳以70℃,1.5~2h为
    最佳。工艺1制得的板栗粉在颜色、香味和营养价值方面均高于工艺2和3制得的
    板栗粉,但是生产效率低,实际生产以工艺2和3较好。添加了板栗粉的面包,体
    积较小,内部有褐变,无板栗香味,但组织比较细腻。板栗粉的添加可以提高糯米
    松耙的营养价值,赋予其独特的口感。添加了板栗粉的馒头,体积大,质地松软,有
    一定的特殊口感。
With instrument HPLC, DSC, RVA, XRD etc. and ordinary physicochemical analytical methods, Liuyang TieLiTou Chestnut (Castanea Mollissima Blume) was used to study the nutrition of fresh Chestnut, the main components, physical characteristics (relative density , whiteness , crystalline pattern and glass transition temperature ) of Chestnut starch, Chestnut starch paste properties (RVA viscosity curve, influence of usual food additive to Chestnut starch paste, freeze-thaw stability, transparency, retrogradation property, ratio of enzymatic hydrolyzation, retrogradation value), the amylose and amylopectin content of Chestnut starch. In addition, the influence of Chestnut starch on dough farinose properties , rheological properties and bread qualities were studied. Finally, the application of Chestnut powder to bread flour, glutinous rice powder and steamed bread flour were studied, which was made from fresh Chestnut. The main results were as follows:
    1. The relative density of Chestnut starch was lower than corn starch and potato starch, while the whiteness of Chestnut starch lied between the two. The crystalline pattern of Chestnut starch was C and the glass transition temperature was 147.7C. The subsidence speed of Chestnut starch was slow in distilled water but fast in pH=4 condition, acid had great influence on the subsidence speed of Chestnut starch.
    2. The RVA viscosity curve of Chestnut starch showed that: the peak viscosity of Chestnut starch was between corn starch and potato starch, the pasting temperature of Chestnut starch was 75.9C. The peak viscosity breakdown and final viscosity increased with the increase of Chestnut starch density. With the increase of sodium chloride density, the peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown and setback of Chestnut starch decreased . The peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown and setback of Chestnut starch increased when added sucrose. The peak viscosity increased with the increase of pH value, but the pasting temperature did not has much change. The peak viscosity, setback and final viscosity of Chestnut starch decreased while its breakdown increased when added alum.
    3. The separating water rate of Chestnut starch paste freeze-thaw one time was 37%, which was better than corn starch paste and potato starch paste in freeze-thaw stability.
    
    
    
    The transparency, ratio of enzymatic hydrolyzation, retrogradation property and retrogradation value of Chestnut starch paste were between corn starch paste and potato starch paste. The amylose and amylopectin content of Chestnut starch were 18% and 82% with comparison color method, which was different from past results.
    4. The stability time of dough lengthened and falling number decreased when added Chestnut starch (with 15% dose). Bread added Chestnut starch was better in inner color, taste and texture; equal in surface color, appearance shape, baking eveness and flavor; but worse in volume, surface texture, granule and air hole than CK.
    5.The content of fresh Chestnut per 100 g was 49.2 g water, 6.2 g protein, 1.4 g fat, 39.1 g starch, 2.2 g fiber, 1.97 g reducing sugars, 9.6 g total soluble saccharidase, 1.0 g ashes, 42.7 mg Ca, 30 mg Vc, 63.4 mg P. There were 17 kinds of amino acids in Chestnut protein, of which contained 7 kinds of essential amino acids.
    6. 60 seconds was the optimum parameter for peeling Chestnut in boiling water. 70C, 1.5~2h were the optimum parameter for peeling Chestnut by means of heat. Chestnut powder made through process 1 was better in its color, flavor and nutrition than process 2 and 3, but the production efficiency was lower. In practical production process 2 and 3 was better. Bread added Chestnut powder had smaller volume, inside color browning and no chestnut powder flavor, but its inner texture became softer. Chestnut powder could improve the nutrition value of glutinous rice cake and give a special taste to glutinous rice cake. Steamed bread added Chestnut powder had bigger volume, softer texture and special taste.
引文
1 秦岭.中国板栗资源和栗疫病菌株的遗传多样性及板栗对疫病菌的抗性研究[D].中国农业大学博士论文,2001:7~9.
    2 蒋侬辉.采后热处理对板栗的生理生化变化及其贮藏效应的影响论文[D].江西农业大学硕士论文,2002:1~3.
    3 许宛英.柳鎏:“中国板栗之母”[J].中国老区建设,2003(7):16~17.
    4 张莉.板栗淀粉的理化性质及加工特性的研究[D].西北农林科技大学硕士论文,2000:24~25.
    5 宋光森.板栗资源的深加工开发[J].粮食与食品工业,2001(3):16~19.
    6 张利群.板栗产业的发展趋势与对策思考[J].贵州林业科技,1999,27(2):61~63.
    7 联合国粮农组织2003年生产年报.
    8 汪芳安.板栗食品加工概况[J].武汉工业学院学报,2002,4:27-29.
    9 袁道强,舒友琴,赵立魁.二氧化氯保鲜剂的应用研究[J].山西果树,2001(3):4~5.
    10 齐敏,岳崇峰.板栗的药用价值及利用开发[J].中国林副特产,1997(3):51~52.
    11 李荣林.板栗的营养与加工[J].江苏食品与发酵,2000(3):38~40.
    12 陈和生,孙振亚,李汉东,等.罗田板栗多糖的分离纯化及成分分析[J].中国药学杂志.2002,37(1):63~64.
    13 张力田.变性淀粉[M].华南理工大学出版社,1992:13~18,199~209.
    14 顾正彪.淀粉糊化与回生[J].淀粉与淀粉糖,1980(1):1~7。
    15 O.R.非尼马著,王璋译.食品化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1991:20~29,195~200.
    16 姜锡瑞.酶制剂应用技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1996:26~28.
    17 吴建平.抗消化淀粉的研究进展及应用前景[J].食品与发酵工业,1999(2):16~19.
    18 杨光,丁霄霖.抗性淀粉定量测定方法的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2002,(17) 3:59~62.
    19 高嘉安主编.淀粉与淀粉制品工艺学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.9.
    20 刘亚伟主编.淀粉生产及其深加工技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:194~215.
    21 谢涛.橡实淀粉主要理化功能特性的研究中[D].中南林学院硕士论文,2002.
    22 二国二郎主编.王微青,高寿清,陈希浩,等译.淀粉科学手册[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1990:13~25.
    23 胡飞,陈玲,李琳.马铃薯淀粉颗粒在微细化过程中结晶结构的变化[J].精细化工,2002,19(2):114~117.
    24 张力田.淀粉的糊化和淀粉糊[J].淀粉与淀粉糖,2001(3):1~3.
    25 张本山,张友全,曾新安,等.水分含量对玉米淀粉颗粒微晶结构影响的研究[J].郑州粮食学院学报,2000,21(2):21~23.
    
    
    26 黄梅丽,江小梅。食品化学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1986,10.
    27 张力田.碳水化合物化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1988:314~322.
    28 张本山,张友全,曾新安,等.预糊化玉米淀粉亚微晶结构剂性质的研究[J].郑州工程学院学报,2000,21(4):23~26.
    29 张燕萍.变性淀粉制造与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
    30 张本山,张友全,杨连生,等.淀粉多晶体系的亚微晶结构研究[J] 。华南理工大学学报,2001,29(1):27~30.
    31 张本山,张友全,杨连生,等.淀粉多晶体系结晶度测定方法研究[J] 。华南理工大学学报,2001,29(5):55~58.
    32 左春柽,张守勤,马成林,等.玉米淀粉高压糊化动力学的初步探讨[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(1):177~178.
    33 Tester R E, Morrison W R. Swelling and Gelatinization of Cereal Starches Ⅱ Waxy Rice Starch [J] . Cereal Chemistry, 1990, 67(6): 558~563.
    34 黄立新,高群玉,周俊侠,等.酯化交联淀粉反应及其性质的研究—淀粉颗粒糊化温度的变化[J].华南理工大学学报,2001,29(4):63~66.
    35 钱建亚,顾林.三种常用淀粉糊化测定方法的比较[J].西部粮油科技,1999,24(4):42~46.
    36 L. B. Deffenbaugh. Use of the Rapid~Visco~Analyser to Measure Starch Pasting Properties [J] . Starch, 1989(12):461~467.
    37 Mechteldis G.E, Wolters, Cone J.W, et al. Prediction of Degradability of Starch by Gelatinization Enthalpy as Measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry [J] .Starch, 1992,35(4):14~18.
    38 R.S. Kadan, M.G. Robinson, D.P. Thibodeaux, et al. Texture and Other Physicochemical Properties of Whole Rice Bread [J] . Journal of Food Science, 2001,66(7):940~944.
    39 顾正彪.DSC在淀粉研究中的应用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1996,15(2):179~182.
    40 金丽.差示扫描量热技术在淀粉研究中的应用[J].食品与机械,2000(3):26~28.
    41 Veelaert S, Poling M, Wit D. Structural and Physicochemical Changes of Potato Starch Along Periodate [J] . Starch, 1994,46(7): 263~268.
    42 Stute R, Klinger R W, Eshtiaghi M N, et al. Effects of High Pressures Treatment on Starches [J] . Starch, 1996,48(11): 399~408.
    43 赵黎明.DSC和脉冲NMR研究食品的玻璃化和玻璃化转变温度[J].食品科技,2001,(1):14-16
    44 王振宇.淀粉的玻璃化转变及其对食品品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2000(2):40~42.
    45 M.T. Kalichevsky, E.M. Jaroszkiewicz. The Glass Transition of Amylopectin Measured by DSC, DTMA and NMR [J] . Carbohydrate Polymers, 1992(18): 77~88.
    46 郭颖,许时婴.浅述用差示扫描量热法研究食品的玻璃化转变[J].食品科技 2002,(1):18.
    47 黄海.DSC在食品中的运用[J].食品与机械,2002,2:6~9.
    48 Y.H. Roos. Glass Transition-related Physicochemical Changes in Foods [J] . Food Technology, 1995,10:97~102.
    
    
    49 刘惠君.热处理对直链淀粉扩增、蜡性及正常玉米淀粉物理性质和酶解率的影响[J].中国粮油学报,1998,13(4):25~29.
    50 张立彦,芮汉明.淀粉的总类及性质对微波膨化的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2001,27(3):21~25.
    51 叶怀义,杨素玲,叶礅昊.高压对淀粉糊化特性的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2000,15(1):10~13.
    52 叶怀义,杨素玲,徐晴.小麦淀粉高压糊化动力学的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2000,15(3):9~11.
    53 Y. Kim, S.S. Wang. Starch Cooking with Limited Water as Affected by Zein and Guar Gum [J] . Journal of Food Science, 1999,64(1): 122~125.
    54 陈玲,胡飞,李晓玺,等.机械力化学效应对马铃薯消化性能和抗酶解性能的影响[J].食品科学,2001,22(8):15~18.
    55 R. Wulansarl, J.R. Mitchell, J.M.V. Blanshard. Starch Conversion during Extrusion as Affected by Added Gelatin [J] . Journal of Food Science, 1999,64(6):1055~1058
    56 Tian S.T., Rickard J.E., Blanshard J.M.V. Physicochemical properties of sweet potato starch. Sci. Food Agric.,1991, (57):459~491
    57 J.S. Bao, Y.Z. Cai, H. Corke. Prediction of Rice Starch Quality Parameters by NearInfrared Reflectance Spectroscopy[J] .Journal of Food Science, 2001,66(7):9369~999.
    58 Delwiche SR, Mckenzie KS, Webb BD. Quality Characteristics in Rice by NearInfrared Reflectance Analysis of Whole-Grain Milled Samples[J] .Cereal Chemistry, 1996,73:257~263.
    59 Windham W, Lyon BG, Champagne ET, et al. Prediction of Cooked Rice Texture Quality Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Analysis of Whole-Grain Milled Samples[J] .Cereal Chemistry, 1997,74:626~632.
    60 Kim, et al. Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Chestnut Starches [J] . Journal of the Korean Society of Food and Nutrition 1995,24(4): 601~605.
    61 Park, Kim, Choo. Effect of Heat~moisture Treatments on Physicochemical Properties of Chestnut Starch [J] . Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1986,18(6): 437~442.
    62 Park, Kim. Rheological Properties of Gelatinized Chesnut Starch [J] . Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition, 1984,16(3): 314~318.
    63 Park, Kim. Physicochemical Properties of Chestnut Starch [J] . Journal of the Korean Agricultural Chemical Society, 1982,25(4): 218~223.
    64 Choo. Effects of Molecular Structural Changes of Chestnut Starch on Starch and its Gels Properties [J] . Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1995,27(6): 1017~1027.
    65 Takada. Structure and Properties of Chestnut Starch [J] .Denpun Kagaku J. Jap. Soc. Starch Sci, 1987,34(1): 31~37.
    
    
    66 江美都,顾振宇,王强林,等.板栗淀粉加工特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2001,16(6):55~58。
    67 李志西,张莉,李巨秀.板栗淀粉特性研究[J].西北农业大学学报,2000,28(4):21~27.
    68 张莉,李志西,毛加银.板栗淀粉糊流变性研究[J].西北农业学报,2001,10(3):90~92.
    69 李志西,张莉,毛加银等.板栗淀粉糊粘度特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2001,16(1):28~31.
    70 吴雪辉,张加明.板栗淀粉糊特性的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2001(6):46~48.
    71 吴雪辉,张加明.板栗淀粉的性质研究[J].食品科学,2003,24(6):38~41.
    72 陈长刚,李文革,王芊,等.板栗保鲜技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2003(3):77~78.
    73 王清章.板栗贮藏加工的现状分析与生产建议[J].西北农业科学,1999(1):44~46.
    74 张文波,郑传祥.新型板栗脱壳技术与机械研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2003:17~18.
    75 茅林春.板栗加工的技术难题及其对策[J].食品科技,2000(1):24~25.
    76 王武,陈从贵,张景强等.板栗微波爆壳技术及微波装备设计[J].粮油加工与食品机械.2002(7):44~45.
    77 范喜征.糖水板栗罐头生产工艺[J].适用技术市场,1989,(7):15~17.
    78 王世锦.谈谈板栗罐头的护色问题[J].食品科学,1996,17(3):71~72.
    79 陈璧州,谭锋,孙蓉芳等.板栗加工过程中的护色研究[J].北京农学院学报,1998(13):58~61.
    80 生吉萍,何树林,胡小松等.板栗栗仁褐变及其控制方法研究[J].食品与机械,2000(1):18~19.
    81 田鸣华,徐京,韩长青.板栗馅的加工[J].食品工业科技 2002,23(1):83~84.
    82 陶月良,邱君正,林华等.板栗果实过氧化物酶与多酚氧化酶特性的研究[J].食品科学,2001,22(5):64~67.
    83 杨芙连,宋宏新,张妮.板栗饮料加工中防褐变和稳定性的研究[J].食品科技,2003,4:74~76.
    84 郑国社,潘俊海,谢品.品种和加工工艺对板栗罐头质量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,1994,21 (4):449-453.
    85 章继华,何永进.国内外板栗科学研究及其发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,1999,12 (2):7~12.
    86 余凌帆,罗成荣,韩华柏等.四川板栗现状与发展对策[J].经济林研究,2003,21 (1):76.
    87 田鸣华,周连第,韩长青.板栗粉的加工[J].食品工业科技,2002,23(8):103-104.
    88 刘勤,柳鎏.栗粉加工技术[J].食品工业科技,1997,(4):62-63.
    89 吴雪辉.板栗壳天然棕色素的提取及性能研究[J].食品工业科技,2002(3):24~26.
    90 赵德义,高文海.花成文.板栗壳化学成分的初步研究[J].陕西林业科技,2003(2):1~4.
    91 谭敬军.食品分析实验,湖南农大食品科技学院食品化学教研室.
    92 王肇慈,周瑞芳等编.粮油食品品质分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1994:284,333~335.
    93 郭华,周建平,彭立君.槟榔芋淀粉理化特性初探[J].食品科学,2003,24(1):52~55.
    94 Newport scientific pry. Ltd. Applications manual for the rapid visco analyser, 1998.
    95 张喻.大米淀粉特性与方便米线品质关系的研究[D].湖南农业大学硕士论文,2001:7.
    
    
    96 黄伟坤.食品检验与分析[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:45.
    97 张燕萍,颜燕.食品成分对淀粉糊性能的影响[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1997(1):24~28.
    98 阮文海,金建忠.某些食品辅料对大米淀粉糊化的影响[J].淀粉与淀粉糖,1997 (4):14~16.
    99 叶兴乾,刘冬红,张贵平等.不同干燥方法对栗粉的理化性质与功能特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2001(7):95~97.
    100 张守义编著.面包科学与加工工艺[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000,2.
    101 天津轻工业学院,无锡轻工业学院合编.食品生物化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1991:343.
    102 慕琦,张予新.桑智磊等.河南农业科学[J].2003,1:35~36.
    103 黎继烈.速冻板栗仁关键加工技术的研究[D].中南林学院硕士论文,2002:1~3.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700