摘要
本文针对有机类胶粘剂在修建公路、铁路、水坝、建筑物等的工程建设中,存在施工麻烦、耐老化性差、收缩率较大,以及价格昂贵、污染环境且对人体健康有害等缺陷,研制了以无机材料为主的胶粘剂,即硅酸盐型胶粘剂。这种胶与岩土、混凝土的亲和性好、无毒无味、施工简便可靠,且成本低廉,它具有许多有机胶粘剂无法比拟的优点。
在前期研究工作的基础上,确定了以水溶性硅酸钠为基料、氟硅酸钠或磷酸为固化剂的硅酸盐型无机胶粘剂,作为岩土胶粘剂较为理想。通过正交优化试验,优选出水溶性硅酸钠为高、低模各一半,氟硅酸钠的加入量需大于硅酸钠量的20%,磷酸的加入量为硅酸钠量的2%。
对不同土质进行胶结试验,结果表明:岩土胶粘剂具有广谱粘接性,二氧化硅、以及一些长石类组成物对提高抗压强度起很大作用;对固化剂含量不同的胶粘剂与土壤进行胶结试验,结果表明:随着固化剂的增加,胶结土的抗压强度逐渐增大,当固化剂为5份时,抗压强度达到最大值,固化剂继续增加,抗压强度反而降低,说明固化剂对胶结土的胶结性能也起很大作用;对二氧化硅含量不同的胶结土进行抗压试验,结果表明:胶结土的抗压强度随着二氧化硅的增加而增大;对细土进行胶结,发现胶结细土的性能均优于胶结粗土的性能,岩土颗粒对胶结性能影响较大;并与同一细度的水泥进行比较。
昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
中文摘要
对岩土胶粘剂与土壤进行胶结的抗渗性能、抗折强度试验
结果表明:岩土胶粘剂与土壤胶结后,其渗透性差,抗渗性好,
抗折强度也比较好。
通过以上性能的分析,对岩土胶粘剂的胶结机理进行进一步
的探讨。其实质上是水溶性硅酸钠与氟硅酸钠反应生成的二氧化
硅溶胶转变为二氧化硅凝胶的过程,磷酸是提供H+使硅酸转变
为硅酸凝胶,形成网状结构。
Since organic adhesives have many disadvantages such as constructing troublesomely, inferior aging resistance, large shrinkage, high price, polluting environment, harmful to people and so on, the inorganic adhesives (silicate adhesives) are studied. This kind of adhesive has good affinity with soil and concrete, and it is innocuity and savorless, and it can be constructed conveniently and reliably, and the price is low, so it has many incomparable properties that the organic adhesive can't reach.
On the basis of previous study, it is ideal to choose silicate inorganic adhesive, in which water-solubility sodium silicate is used as essential material, sodium fluorosilicate or phosphoric acid is used as solidified agent, as soil adhesive. Through orthogonal test, the better is that the high and low modulus of sodium silicate account for one half respectively, the adding content of sodium fluorosilicate must be 20% more than sodium silicate, the adding content of phosphoric acid is 2% of sodium silicate.
Adhesive experiments are made with different soil and the results indicate: soil adhesive has extensive adhesive, silicon dioxide and some substance of felspars play a great part in increasing compression strength. Adhesive experiments are made with adhesives of different solidified agent and soil, the results show: with the increase of solidified agent, compression strength
increases gradually. When it is five portions, compression strength can reach maximal value, if solidified agent continues to increase, compression strength decreases instead; it can illustrate that the solidified agent has a great influence on the adhesive properties of adhesive soil. Compression tests on adhesive soil of different silicon dioxide are made and the results show: compression strength increases with the increase of silicon dioxide content. The tests of cementation with thin soil show that the properties of adhesive thin soil are superior to those of adhesive thick soil, so the size of soil grain affects adhesive properties a lot. The comparable tests with cement of the same size are also made.
The cementation experiments are made on impermeability and flexural strength and the results indicate: after cementation of soil adhesive and soil, it has good impermeability and flexural strength.
Through the above analyses of properties, the adhesive mechanism is further studied. The essence of which is that the silicon dioxide sol produced through the reaction of water-solubility sodium silicate and sodium fluorosilicate is changed into silicon dioxide gel, and phosphoric acid supplies H+ to turn silicic acid into silicic acid gel so as to form reticular structure.
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