三维角联锁机织复合材料三点弯曲疲劳性能与结构效应
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摘要
层层接结三维角联锁机织物结构由经、纬两种系统的纱线构成。其中,纬纱平行排列无屈曲,经纱以一定角度沿着结构的厚度方向衬入,且每一层中,相邻两根经纱的屈曲波动状态相反,以此形成对材料厚度方向上任意两相邻纬纱层强有力的束缚作用,从而维持织物整体结构的稳定性。以此织物结构作为增强相形成的树脂基复合材料即三维角联锁机织复合材料,在厚度以及面内方向具有高强、高模、高层间剪切强度以及大面积区域承受加载、吸收能量等诸多优势,在结构工程材料领域有巨大的应用潜力。鉴于复合材料在长期服役期,尤其在飞行器、车辆等工程结构件设计应用中的抗疲劳性能甚为关键,研究三维角联锁机织复合材料在交变循环应力加载下的疲劳性能具有重要意义。本文结合实验分析与有限元计算的方法,研究一种层层接结三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲交变循环载荷下的疲劳性能、结构效应以及破坏机理。
通过实验分析方法,获取以下结果：(1)三维角联锁机织复合材料的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,探索材料抗疲劳能力与应力水平(60%-80%)之间的关系；(2)材料在交变循环应力加载过程中的应力-挠度曲线、刚度变化曲线、挠度变化曲线等,以此表征与分析材料的“三步骤式”渐进疲劳破坏过程；(3)准静态与交变循环应力加载条件下,材料破坏形态的比较,说明裂纹的萌生与扩展在材料疲劳破坏过程中的作用；(4)相同准静态与交变循环应力加载条件下,三维角联锁机织复合材料与三维正交机织复合材料力学性能与破坏形态的比较,阐述三维角联锁机织结构抵抗交变循环载荷的结构特征与优势。
利用有限元分析方法,结合经典疲劳破坏准则,(1)建立三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲交变循环载荷下的细观结构单胞模型；(2)计算此结构复合材料在交变循环载荷下的动态力学响应；(3)通过应力在材料结构中的分布、纱线与树脂的破坏、纱线-树脂界面裂纹(脱粘)的萌生与扩展以及结构破坏的关键区域等方面阐述材料在三点弯曲交变循环载荷下发生疲劳破坏的结构效应与破坏机理。
本文研究为三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲交变循环应力加载条件下的抗疲劳结构设计提供一种有效的方法,可以扩展应用于飞行器、车辆等工程领域三维纺织结构复合材料的抗疲劳结构设计
The layer-to-layer three-dimensional (3-D) Angle-Interlock Woven Fabric (3DAWF) construction is composed of two types of yarn systems, i.e., warp and weft yarns. It presents a layer-to-layer angle-interlocking structure where the weft yarns are in almost straight way, as well as the undulated warp yarns are placed at an angle to the thickness direction of the material structure. The adjacent two undulated warp yarns in a single layer display a converse undulation form to ensure that two adjacent layers of non-crimp weft yarns be held together to form a stable and integrated woven construction. This structural feature imparts high strength, stiffness, inter-layer shear strength and large-area energy absorption capacity for the3DAWF reinforced composite, i.e.,3-D Angle-Interlock Woven Composite (3DAWC), which also make such type of composite have a wide potential in the field of structural engineering materials applications. Considering the performance of fatigue resistance for the composites is very important during the long-term use, especially in the design and applications of engineering structures such as aircrafts and vehicles. Conducting the research on the fatigue behavior of the3DAWC undergoing cyclic loading conditions is of critical importance. In this dissertation, the fatigue behavior, structural effects and damage mechanisms of the layer-to-layer3DAWC subjected to three-point bending cyclic loading are presented by both experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM).
In the experimental, we have obtained the following contents:(1) the fatigue life (Stress levels vs. Numbers of cycles to failure, S-N) curve of the3DAWC samples for presenting the relationship between the fatigue resistance capacity and applied stress levels (60%-80%);(2) the curves of Stress vs. Deflection, Stiffness degradation and Deflection variation, for characterizing and analyzing the "three-stage" form cumulative fatigue damage evolution of the3DAWC under three-point bending cyclic loading;(3) the comparisons of ultimate damage modes of the3DAWC samples between the quasi-static three-point bending loading and three-point bending cyclic loading, for indicating the dominated role of the initiation and propagation of the cracks during the entire fatigue damage process of composites;(4) the comparisons of mechanical responses and damage modes between the3DAWC samples and the3-D Orthogonal Woven Composite (3DOWC) samples under both the quasi-static three-point bending loading and three-point bending cyclic loading conditions, for summarizing the structural characteristics and advantages of the3DAWC in resisting the three-point bending cyclic loading.
In FEM model which takes the classic fatigue damage criteria into account, the main objectives are as follows:(1) to establish the micro-structural unit-cell model of the3DAWC under three-point bending cyclic loading;(2) to calculate the dynamic mechanical responses of the composite during fatigue loading;(3) to describe the structural effects and damage mechanisms of the layer-to-layer3DAWC subjected to three-point bending cyclic loading by the stress distribution, damage evolution of the yarns and resin, debonding initiation and propagation on the resin-yarns interface and critical regions of structural fatigue damage.
This dissertation provides an effective method for the fatigue resistance structural designing of the3DAWC undergoing cyclic loading. Such an effect could be extended applied to the fatigue resistance structural design of the3D textile structural composites in the field of engineering structures such as aircrafts and vehicles.
通过实验分析方法,获取以下结果：(1)三维角联锁机织复合材料的疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,探索材料抗疲劳能力与应力水平(60%-80%)之间的关系；(2)材料在交变循环应力加载过程中的应力-挠度曲线、刚度变化曲线、挠度变化曲线等,以此表征与分析材料的“三步骤式”渐进疲劳破坏过程；(3)准静态与交变循环应力加载条件下,材料破坏形态的比较,说明裂纹的萌生与扩展在材料疲劳破坏过程中的作用；(4)相同准静态与交变循环应力加载条件下,三维角联锁机织复合材料与三维正交机织复合材料力学性能与破坏形态的比较,阐述三维角联锁机织结构抵抗交变循环载荷的结构特征与优势。
利用有限元分析方法,结合经典疲劳破坏准则,(1)建立三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲交变循环载荷下的细观结构单胞模型；(2)计算此结构复合材料在交变循环载荷下的动态力学响应；(3)通过应力在材料结构中的分布、纱线与树脂的破坏、纱线-树脂界面裂纹(脱粘)的萌生与扩展以及结构破坏的关键区域等方面阐述材料在三点弯曲交变循环载荷下发生疲劳破坏的结构效应与破坏机理。
本文研究为三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲交变循环应力加载条件下的抗疲劳结构设计提供一种有效的方法,可以扩展应用于飞行器、车辆等工程领域三维纺织结构复合材料的抗疲劳结构设计
The layer-to-layer three-dimensional (3-D) Angle-Interlock Woven Fabric (3DAWF) construction is composed of two types of yarn systems, i.e., warp and weft yarns. It presents a layer-to-layer angle-interlocking structure where the weft yarns are in almost straight way, as well as the undulated warp yarns are placed at an angle to the thickness direction of the material structure. The adjacent two undulated warp yarns in a single layer display a converse undulation form to ensure that two adjacent layers of non-crimp weft yarns be held together to form a stable and integrated woven construction. This structural feature imparts high strength, stiffness, inter-layer shear strength and large-area energy absorption capacity for the3DAWF reinforced composite, i.e.,3-D Angle-Interlock Woven Composite (3DAWC), which also make such type of composite have a wide potential in the field of structural engineering materials applications. Considering the performance of fatigue resistance for the composites is very important during the long-term use, especially in the design and applications of engineering structures such as aircrafts and vehicles. Conducting the research on the fatigue behavior of the3DAWC undergoing cyclic loading conditions is of critical importance. In this dissertation, the fatigue behavior, structural effects and damage mechanisms of the layer-to-layer3DAWC subjected to three-point bending cyclic loading are presented by both experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM).
In the experimental, we have obtained the following contents:(1) the fatigue life (Stress levels vs. Numbers of cycles to failure, S-N) curve of the3DAWC samples for presenting the relationship between the fatigue resistance capacity and applied stress levels (60%-80%);(2) the curves of Stress vs. Deflection, Stiffness degradation and Deflection variation, for characterizing and analyzing the "three-stage" form cumulative fatigue damage evolution of the3DAWC under three-point bending cyclic loading;(3) the comparisons of ultimate damage modes of the3DAWC samples between the quasi-static three-point bending loading and three-point bending cyclic loading, for indicating the dominated role of the initiation and propagation of the cracks during the entire fatigue damage process of composites;(4) the comparisons of mechanical responses and damage modes between the3DAWC samples and the3-D Orthogonal Woven Composite (3DOWC) samples under both the quasi-static three-point bending loading and three-point bending cyclic loading conditions, for summarizing the structural characteristics and advantages of the3DAWC in resisting the three-point bending cyclic loading.
In FEM model which takes the classic fatigue damage criteria into account, the main objectives are as follows:(1) to establish the micro-structural unit-cell model of the3DAWC under three-point bending cyclic loading;(2) to calculate the dynamic mechanical responses of the composite during fatigue loading;(3) to describe the structural effects and damage mechanisms of the layer-to-layer3DAWC subjected to three-point bending cyclic loading by the stress distribution, damage evolution of the yarns and resin, debonding initiation and propagation on the resin-yarns interface and critical regions of structural fatigue damage.
This dissertation provides an effective method for the fatigue resistance structural designing of the3DAWC undergoing cyclic loading. Such an effect could be extended applied to the fatigue resistance structural design of the3D textile structural composites in the field of engineering structures such as aircrafts and vehicles.
引文
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[2]Hu J.3-D fibrous assemblies:properties, applications and modelling of three-dimensional textile structures. Woodhead Publishing Limited,2008,1-32
[3]Hu H, Zhang MX, Fangueiro R, Araujo MD. Mechanical properties of composite materials made of 3D stitched woven-knitted preforms. Journal of Composite Materials,2010,44(14):1753-1767
[4]Xu YH, Hu H, Yuan XL. Geometrical analysis of co-woven-knitted preform for composite reinforcement. The Journal of the Textile Institute,2011,102(5):405-418
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