竹叶生物活性成分提取分离及其抗菌活性研究
|
摘要
竹子(Bamboo)是禾本科(Poaceae)竹亚科(Bambuaoideae)多年生常绿植物,广泛分布于亚洲、拉丁美洲、非洲。世界竹类植物有70～80属1300多种,其中中国有39属500余种。竹叶中含有多种黄酮类化合物、香豆素内酯、活性多糖等丰富的生物活性成分,具有重要的生理功能和较高的保健价值,开发潜力巨大。
本试验以竹叶为原料,系统地研究了竹叶的抗菌防腐性能。以蒸馏水、乙醇、乙醚和石油醚作溶剂,研究了干燥方法、溶剂等因素对提取率及提取液抗菌活性的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了温度、液料比及时间对提取率的影响,确定了合适的浸提条件,并对竹叶不同竹种、不同生长期的抗菌活性进行了比较。以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及部分霉菌和酵母菌为对象菌,用滤纸片法和平板稀释法进一步证实并系统地研究了竹叶的抗菌活性;以革兰氏阳性菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌及革兰氏阴性菌中的大肠杆菌为代表菌种,首先对竹叶提取物分组分、分溶剂萃取段进行抗菌活性的初步研究,筛选出对所选细菌的生长具有明显抑制作用的抗菌活性部分:30%乙醇溶解物经石油醚、乙醚萃取后对两种细菌的抑菌活性最强。对其进一步精制,通过抗菌活性追踪,采用硅胶和聚酰胺柱层析、真空层析等方法,从中分离并纯化出4种具有抗菌活性的成分,用MS、UV等波谱技术,结合一定的化学方法以及有关文献数据对照,并分别进行初步鉴定。将纯化得到的抗菌性化合物与几种具类似结构的化合物进行抑菌效果比较,初步确立了黄酮类化合物结构与抗菌活性的关系。分离纯化得到的化合物与金属离子形成的配合物,提高了抑菌效果。并将竹叶防腐抑菌剂应用于卤肉、水豆腐和番茄片的保藏。
研究结果表明:
1.原料的干燥方法对竹叶抗菌活性成分的提取率及抑菌效果有显著影响(p<0.01)。其中,40℃热风干燥提取率最高,为7.36%,太阳晒后阴干次之,为7.08%,室温晾干较低,为6.97%,太阳晒干燥最低,为6.50%;40℃热风干燥抑菌力最强,对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径最大,为12.70mm,太阳晒后阴干次之,为11.27mm,室温晾干较弱,为11.13mm,太阳晒干燥最弱,为10.40mm。
2.蒸馏水和乙醇水溶液两种提取液对所试细菌、霉菌和酵母菌均有抑菌作用。60%乙醇提取液对细菌的抑制效果最好,抑菌圈直径达到10.02mm以上,对酵母菌的抑制效果次之,对霉菌的抑制效果最弱;蒸馏水提取液对所试微生物的抑制顺序同乙醇提取液,但对细菌、酵母菌和霉菌的抑制效果稍差于乙醇提取液。
3.液料比和温度对提取率的影响较大。乙醇为溶剂时的最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比12∶1、浸提温度80℃、时间1.5h。在此条件下的提取率为7.74%。
Bamboo, widely distributed in Asia, Latin America and Africa, is one of the tall, treelike evergreen grasses comprising the Bambuaoideae Nees of the family Poaceae plant. 70~80 genera and more than 1,300 species of bamboo have been recorded in botanical literature all over the world, and in which about 39 genera and more than 500 species were located in China. Bamboo leaves consist of abundant bio-active constituents which make it a potential resource for advanced pharmaceutical utilization such as Baicalein, coumarin lactones and activity polysaccharide in Bamboo leaves. It has important physiological and health protective value that makes it significant in food industry and medicine field.In order to study the antimicrobal Bamboo systematically, its leaves were taken as materials with stilled water, alcohol, aether and petroleum ether as solvents, the effect of drying methods and solvents on extraction ratio and antimicrobial activity were reviewed. The effect on extraction ration of ratio between solvents and material, temperature and time were investigated by means of single factor and orthogonal experiments and the optimum extraction condition was determined, furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of different breed and the same organ gathered in different growing periods were compared. With Escherichia coil, Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus arueus and some moulds and yeasts as experimented microbes, the characteristics of antimicrobial activity were studied by means of filter paper method and plate dilution method. Gram-positives Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli were chosen for the antibacterial assays. Firstly, Extract of bamboo leaf (Ebl) were extracted by polar-different organic solvents respectively. The antibacterial activities of all the fractions obtained were studied and the active fractions were established: According to the antibacterial assay, 30% ethanol-soluble fraction of Ebl after leached by petroleum ether-solution and aether-solution is the most significant and attributed to it, it was used for further purification, and 4 compounds of antibacterial activity were obtained through tracing the activity and repetitive column chromatography on silica gel and poly-Hexanolactam. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral technology (MS, UV) chemical methods and comparison with related reports of literatures. The structure-activity
relationships were established elementarily using compounds 1,2,3,4 and several synthetic products by comparison of their antibacterial activities. Extract was separated with Layer Chromatography and applied in the preservations of stewed meat, damped bean curd and tomato piece. The results indicated:1. Drying methods had significant effect on extraction ration and antimicrobial function and the difference was significant (p<0.01) .The raw material dried by 40 ℃ sirocco had the highest extraction ration with 7.36%, the second higher of 7.08% dry in the shade after shine upon, the third higher of 6.97% appeared in that dried by room temperature and the smallest was in that dried by insolation under sun, which was only 6.50%. The diameter of antimicrobial ring to Escherichia coli of raw material dried by microwave was 12.70mm, which was the most in four treatments , the second of 11.27mm was in that dried in the shade after shine up, the third of 11.13mm was in that dried by room temperature and the last one was in that dried by by insolation under sun ,which was 10.40mm.2. Stilled water and alcohol-water extracts had bacteriostasis to germs, moulds and yeast.The inhibition sequence to experimented microbes of stilled water and 60% alcohol extract was: to germs>to yeast>to moulds. But 60% alcohol extract had the best antimicrobial effect on germs, with the diameter of antimicrobial rings to Escherichia coli beyond 10.02mm and 60% alcohol extract had better inhibition to germs , to yeast and moulds than that of stilled water.3. The effect on extraction ration of ratio between solvents and raw material and temperature were greater than that of time. Alcohol as solvent, the optimum extraction condition was: ratio between solvents and raw material: 12:1, temperature: 80℃, time: 1.5 h. The extraction ration was 7.74% at this condition.4. The antimicrobial activity of different bamboo leaves and that of the same organ growed in different periods were different. The antimicrobial activity of Sinocalamus latiflorus McClure leaves was better than that of others. bamboo leaves gathered in the second part of July and November had better antimicrobial activity than others.5. Bamboo leaves alcohol extract had wide antimicrobial spectrum. Its minimal inhibitory. Concentration to germ was 0.156%, and that to moulds and yeast was 0.625% and 1.25%.
本试验以竹叶为原料,系统地研究了竹叶的抗菌防腐性能。以蒸馏水、乙醇、乙醚和石油醚作溶剂,研究了干燥方法、溶剂等因素对提取率及提取液抗菌活性的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了温度、液料比及时间对提取率的影响,确定了合适的浸提条件,并对竹叶不同竹种、不同生长期的抗菌活性进行了比较。以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及部分霉菌和酵母菌为对象菌,用滤纸片法和平板稀释法进一步证实并系统地研究了竹叶的抗菌活性;以革兰氏阳性菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌及革兰氏阴性菌中的大肠杆菌为代表菌种,首先对竹叶提取物分组分、分溶剂萃取段进行抗菌活性的初步研究,筛选出对所选细菌的生长具有明显抑制作用的抗菌活性部分:30%乙醇溶解物经石油醚、乙醚萃取后对两种细菌的抑菌活性最强。对其进一步精制,通过抗菌活性追踪,采用硅胶和聚酰胺柱层析、真空层析等方法,从中分离并纯化出4种具有抗菌活性的成分,用MS、UV等波谱技术,结合一定的化学方法以及有关文献数据对照,并分别进行初步鉴定。将纯化得到的抗菌性化合物与几种具类似结构的化合物进行抑菌效果比较,初步确立了黄酮类化合物结构与抗菌活性的关系。分离纯化得到的化合物与金属离子形成的配合物,提高了抑菌效果。并将竹叶防腐抑菌剂应用于卤肉、水豆腐和番茄片的保藏。
研究结果表明:
1.原料的干燥方法对竹叶抗菌活性成分的提取率及抑菌效果有显著影响(p<0.01)。其中,40℃热风干燥提取率最高,为7.36%,太阳晒后阴干次之,为7.08%,室温晾干较低,为6.97%,太阳晒干燥最低,为6.50%;40℃热风干燥抑菌力最强,对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径最大,为12.70mm,太阳晒后阴干次之,为11.27mm,室温晾干较弱,为11.13mm,太阳晒干燥最弱,为10.40mm。
2.蒸馏水和乙醇水溶液两种提取液对所试细菌、霉菌和酵母菌均有抑菌作用。60%乙醇提取液对细菌的抑制效果最好,抑菌圈直径达到10.02mm以上,对酵母菌的抑制效果次之,对霉菌的抑制效果最弱;蒸馏水提取液对所试微生物的抑制顺序同乙醇提取液,但对细菌、酵母菌和霉菌的抑制效果稍差于乙醇提取液。
3.液料比和温度对提取率的影响较大。乙醇为溶剂时的最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比12∶1、浸提温度80℃、时间1.5h。在此条件下的提取率为7.74%。
Bamboo, widely distributed in Asia, Latin America and Africa, is one of the tall, treelike evergreen grasses comprising the Bambuaoideae Nees of the family Poaceae plant. 70~80 genera and more than 1,300 species of bamboo have been recorded in botanical literature all over the world, and in which about 39 genera and more than 500 species were located in China. Bamboo leaves consist of abundant bio-active constituents which make it a potential resource for advanced pharmaceutical utilization such as Baicalein, coumarin lactones and activity polysaccharide in Bamboo leaves. It has important physiological and health protective value that makes it significant in food industry and medicine field.In order to study the antimicrobal Bamboo systematically, its leaves were taken as materials with stilled water, alcohol, aether and petroleum ether as solvents, the effect of drying methods and solvents on extraction ratio and antimicrobial activity were reviewed. The effect on extraction ration of ratio between solvents and material, temperature and time were investigated by means of single factor and orthogonal experiments and the optimum extraction condition was determined, furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of different breed and the same organ gathered in different growing periods were compared. With Escherichia coil, Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus arueus and some moulds and yeasts as experimented microbes, the characteristics of antimicrobial activity were studied by means of filter paper method and plate dilution method. Gram-positives Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli were chosen for the antibacterial assays. Firstly, Extract of bamboo leaf (Ebl) were extracted by polar-different organic solvents respectively. The antibacterial activities of all the fractions obtained were studied and the active fractions were established: According to the antibacterial assay, 30% ethanol-soluble fraction of Ebl after leached by petroleum ether-solution and aether-solution is the most significant and attributed to it, it was used for further purification, and 4 compounds of antibacterial activity were obtained through tracing the activity and repetitive column chromatography on silica gel and poly-Hexanolactam. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral technology (MS, UV) chemical methods and comparison with related reports of literatures. The structure-activity
relationships were established elementarily using compounds 1,2,3,4 and several synthetic products by comparison of their antibacterial activities. Extract was separated with Layer Chromatography and applied in the preservations of stewed meat, damped bean curd and tomato piece. The results indicated:1. Drying methods had significant effect on extraction ration and antimicrobial function and the difference was significant (p<0.01) .The raw material dried by 40 ℃ sirocco had the highest extraction ration with 7.36%, the second higher of 7.08% dry in the shade after shine upon, the third higher of 6.97% appeared in that dried by room temperature and the smallest was in that dried by insolation under sun, which was only 6.50%. The diameter of antimicrobial ring to Escherichia coli of raw material dried by microwave was 12.70mm, which was the most in four treatments , the second of 11.27mm was in that dried in the shade after shine up, the third of 11.13mm was in that dried by room temperature and the last one was in that dried by by insolation under sun ,which was 10.40mm.2. Stilled water and alcohol-water extracts had bacteriostasis to germs, moulds and yeast.The inhibition sequence to experimented microbes of stilled water and 60% alcohol extract was: to germs>to yeast>to moulds. But 60% alcohol extract had the best antimicrobial effect on germs, with the diameter of antimicrobial rings to Escherichia coli beyond 10.02mm and 60% alcohol extract had better inhibition to germs , to yeast and moulds than that of stilled water.3. The effect on extraction ration of ratio between solvents and raw material and temperature were greater than that of time. Alcohol as solvent, the optimum extraction condition was: ratio between solvents and raw material: 12:1, temperature: 80℃, time: 1.5 h. The extraction ration was 7.74% at this condition.4. The antimicrobial activity of different bamboo leaves and that of the same organ growed in different periods were different. The antimicrobial activity of Sinocalamus latiflorus McClure leaves was better than that of others. bamboo leaves gathered in the second part of July and November had better antimicrobial activity than others.5. Bamboo leaves alcohol extract had wide antimicrobial spectrum. Its minimal inhibitory. Concentration to germ was 0.156%, and that to moulds and yeast was 0.625% and 1.25%.
引文
[1] 朱石麟.中国竹类植物图志[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1994.1-10.
[2] 刘云.我国竹类资源开发利用前景与途径[J].自然资源,1988(3):25-30.
[3] 周芳纯.21世纪竹业的回顾和21世纪展望[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999,18(4):1-4.
[4] 董源.中国植物之最[M].北京:中国旅游出版社.1987:92-99.
[5] 邱尔发,洪伟,郑郁善.中国竹子多样性及其利用评述[J].竹子研究汇刊,2001,20(2):11-14.
[6] 陆志科,谢碧霞.竹叶化学成分的分析与资源的开发利用[J].林业科技开发,2003(1):6-9.
[7] 江泽慧.在第四届中国竹子之乡联谊会暨全国竹(藤)业经济发展研讨会开幕式上的致词[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(3):2-3:2001,7(3):1.
[8] 萧江华.我国竹业发展现状与对策[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(1):1-5.
[9] 傅懋毅.依靠科学技术加速我国竹林的优质培育[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(3):9-12.
[10] 陆志科 谢碧霞.近十年我国竹叶研究论文的调查与分析[J].竹子研究汇刊,2003(2)49-52.
[11] 陈统爱主编.中国山区经济林发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.7.
[12] 辉朝茂,杜凡,杨宇明编著.竹类培育与利用[M].北京:中国林业出版社 1996.10.
[13] 耿伯介.中国植物志[M].第九卷第一分册.北京:科学出版社.1996.
[14] 傅懋毅,杨校生.我国竹类研究展望和竹林生境利用[J].竹子研究汇刊,2003,2(2):1-8.
[15] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶有效成分和抗活性氧自由基效能研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(3):17-24.
[16] 李兆龙.日本公开特许公报81-5319 82-39753竹汁保健食品[J].食品科学,1986,7(12):17-19.
[17] 竹类综合利用课题组.竹秆和竹汁的微量元素研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1991,10(1):9-12.
[18] 许钢,张虹,董建红,等.竹叶提取物清除超氧自由基的研究[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(3):17-21.
[19] 张英.毛金竹叶提取物抗衰老作用的试验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(4):18-20.
[20] 赖春根.箬竹叶水浸提物的化学成分研究[J].浙江林业科技,1996,15(1):7-10.
[21] 毛燕,王学利.毛竹等九种竹叶中蛋白质和总糖含量的测定[J].竹子研究汇刊,1998,17(2):18-20.
[22] 张英,唐莉莉,丁霄霖.竹叶功能因子生物抗氧化性质的研究[J].营养学报,1998,20(3):367-372.
[23] 李慧珍.天然防腐剂—竹叶的研究Ⅰ.福桔、苹果及果蔬汁的防腐试验[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,11(3):89-93.
[24] 张伟.竹叶防腐剂的研究[J].食品与机械,1999(1):37.
[25] 陈朝阳.天然防腐剂—竹叶的研究Ⅲ.肉、豆腐及肉汁的防腐试验[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,13(2):88-92.
[26] 张伟.竹叶对食品致病菌的抑制作用[J].食品科学,1998,19(4):37-40.
[27] 唐莉莉,徐榕榕,丁霄霖.竹叶多糖对小鼠移植瘤的抑制作用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1998,17(3):62-65.
[28] 许钢,张红.竹叶、六月霜提取物抑菌作用比较研究[J].食品科技,2001(6):22-23.
[29] 吴建中,许春波,周嵘,等.竹叶保鲜剂的提取及抑菌效果初探[J].食品工业科技,1999,20(2):14-15.
[30] 黄文,王益.竹叶提取物抑菌特性的研究[J].林产化学与工业,2002(3):68-70.
[31] 张英,吴晓琴.强化竹叶提取物对麦乳精抗氧化性能的改进[J].食品科学,2001,22(6):76-80.
[32] 张英,吴晓琴,陈秀俊.竹叶黄酮糖苷的水解及其苷元的抗氧化性能研究-Ⅰ[J].中国粮油学报,2001(6):34-37.
[33] 沈建福,张英,徐维娅,等.竹叶黄酮糖苷的水解及其苷元的抗氧化性能研究-Ⅱ[J].中国粮油学报,2001(8):14-17.
[34] 姚志湘,粟晖,韦建平,等.竹叶中有效成分的提取条件及抗氧化活性的研究[J].广西工学院学报,2000,11(1):57-59.
[35] 金普放.竹叶石膏汤治疗肝癌介入化疗后呕吐58例[J].浙江中医杂志,1995(5):200.
[36] 孙蓉.萃取剂、预浸时间和浸提时间对竹叶提取物中营养成分的影响[J].绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,2002,19(2):25-26.
[37] 邹建敏.竹叶黄酮化合物总量及芦丁含量的测定[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998(40):339-343.
[38] 张英.竹叶提取物类SOD活性的邻苯三酚江测定[J].食品科学,1997,18(5):47-49.
[39] 侯镜德,张廷志,肖军.高效液相色谱法测定苦竹叶中总黄酮[J].宁波高等专科学校学报,2001(3):89-91.
[40] 江苏新医学院.中药大辞典[M]:下册.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1977:2253-2254.
[41] 刘翠,王文久.竹叶资源研究进展及开发利用—兼谈云南丛生竹叶资源开发对策[J].林业建设,1999(6):10-14.
[42] Shimano T, Mizuno M, Izeki.S. Ann. Proc. Gifu, Coll. pharm., 1954(4):136-139.
[43] Ohmoto T, Ikuse M, Natori S. Phytochemistry 1970, 9(10): 2137-2148.
[44] 中国医学科学院药物研究所编.中草药有效成分的研究[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1972:441.
[45] 肖贻崧,张廷志,侯镜德.苦竹叶中黄酮类化合物的液相色谱-质谱联用分析[J].宁波高等专科学校学报,2001,13(3):123-126.
[46] 张英.天然功能性添加剂——竹叶提取物[J].精细与专用化学品,2002(7):20-22.
[47] 黄文,王益.竹叶的化学成份及应用进展[J].中国林副特产,2002(8):65-66.
[48] 赖椿根.箬竹叶水提取物化学成分研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1996,12(2):161-165.
[49] 韩雅珊主编.食品化学实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1992:19-21.
[50] 毛燕.早竹和高节竹叶化学成分的初步测定[J].浙江林学院学报,1997,发4(4):410-414.
[51] 陆志科,廖威.毛竹叶化学成分的初步测定[J].山西大学学报,2003(1):46-48.
[52] 王传槐,陈锐.竹叶氨基酸及生物转化的研究[J].竹类研究,1987(3):16-19.
[53] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶特种氨基酸的存在及其生物学意义[J].无锡轻工业大学学报,1997,16(1):29-32.
[54] 周兆祥.竹叶的化学成分与研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1992,4(1):44-51.
[55] 金旭东,陈庆宏.竹叶挥发油的提取及成分分析[J].天然产物研究与开发 1999,11(4):71-74.
[56] 毛燕,刘志坤.毛竹叶挥发性成分的提取与GC-MS分析[J].福建林学院学报2001,21(3):265-267.
[57] 张英,汤竖.竹叶精油和头香的CGC—MS—DS研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1998,10(4):38-43.
[58] 竹类综合利用课题组.竹秆和竹叶的微量元索研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1991(10):57.
[59] 周兆样,陈钢敏.竹叶中矿物质元素的测定[J].林产化工通讯,1992(3):22-25.
[60] 张英,吴晓琴,俞卓裕.竹叶黄酮和内酯的季节性变化规律研究[J].林产化学与工业,2002,22(2):65-69.
[61] 陈纯馨,陈浙.竹叶叶绿素的提取及其稳定性研究[J].食品研究与开发,2000(3):17-18.
[62] 冯玉然,常加伦.竹叶石膏汤为主治疗流行性出血热34例[J].河南中医药学刊,2000,15(6):52-53.
[63] 郑汉武.竹叶石膏汤加减治疗小儿夏季热20例[J].福建中医药,1999,30(4):30-31.
[64] 陈亚军,陈广平.竹叶石膏汤加味治疗夏季热[J].中国中医急症 1997,6(6):285.
[65] Miller.D.M & Aust.S.D..Studies of ascorbic-dependent iron-catalvsed lipideroxidation Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,1989:217,113-119.
[66] Scott.R&Slater, T.F.F.Free radical scalscavenging activity of (+)-catechinanother flavonoids in:Slater, T.F. & Garner.A.,eds.Recent advances in lipideroxidation and tissue in jury. London, Bruneluniversity;1981:233-244.
[67] Rafat Husain, S., Cillard, J and Cillard, P., Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Phytochemistry1987(26):2489-2491.
[68] Chen,Y.; Y.Zheng, R.,JIA, and Ju. Yy. Flavonoids as superoxidescavengers and antioxidants, Free Radical Biology & Medicne,1990(9):19-21.
[69] Modlin, R. F, Alred, P.A and Tjemeld, F. Utilization of temperature—induced phase separation, for the purification of cedysone and 20-hydroxyeccdysone from spinach, J.of Chromatogr. 1994,668 (A): 229-236.
[70] Foti,Metal..Flavonoids,coumarins.and cinnamicacids as antioxdants in amicellar system. Structure-activity relationship, J. Agric. FoodChem.,1996(44):497-501.
[71] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶功能性成分类SOD活性的综合考察[J].中国食品学报,1998,2(2) :62-66.
[72] 杨鹤筹.江西省竹类资源的加工利用[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999.18(4):11-16.
[73] 范镇基.非蛋白氮基酸的功能与应用[J].氮基酸杂志,1990(1):25-34.
[74] 乔章星.竹沥中氨基酸成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,1993,28(1):18-19.
[75] 李平山.鲜竹沥的化学成分研究[J].中草药,1984,15(4):3-4.
[76] 邹积平.七种竹沥镇咳祛痰作用比较[J].中草药,1981,12(4):27-28.
[77] Radha G K, Finn W. Post-translational modifications: Unique amino acids in proteins, Proceedings of the First Biennial International Conference on Amino Acid Research: Frontiers and New Horizons, Kyoto, 1991 : 183-195.
[78] Lambein F, etal. Toxic non-coding amino acids in the genus Latthyrus, Proceedings of the First Biennial International Conference on Amino Acid Research:Frontiers and New Horizons, Kyoto,August. 1991 : 99-107.
[79] 张英.竹叶提取物及其利用[Z].竹滕组织专家研讨交流论文,1998.4.
[80] Takatsuki s.食物 ·竹类杂志(日),1989(7):39-49.
[81] 张英,唐莉莉.毛金竹叶提取物抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(4):12-14.
[82] 周运超.料慈竹叶营养特性的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997(1):13-18.
[83] 许钢,张虹,庞洁.竹叶提取物对亚硝化反应的抑制作用[J].郑州工程学院学报,2001,22(1):69-72.
[84] 沈健,冯磊.竹叶提取物调节血脂作用的研究[J].现代康复,1999,3(5):549-551.
[85] 冯磊,沈健.竹叶提取物降低小鼠脂质过氧化、升高GSH-PX和SOD活力的作用研究[J].现代康复,1999,3(3):334-336.
[86] 陈家俊.竹叶石膏汤治疗癌性发热的疗效观察[J].福建中医药,1995(5):9.
[87] Rodgers, E. Hazel; Grant, M. Helen. The effect of the flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin and epicatechin on the growth and enzyme activities of MCF7 human breast cancer cells [J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 1998, 116(3): 213-228.
[88] 姚旌旗,李映红,刘红梅,等.竹叶提取液对ASP-Ⅰ肺癌细胞生长的影响[J].咸宁医学院学报,2002,16(1):21-22.
[89] 李良崽,陈丽霞.竹叶柳蒡汤加减治疗急性肾小球肾炎38例[J].实用中医药杂志,2001,17(12):14.
[90] 张英.竹叶黄酮水溶液的稳定性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(5):29-32.
[91] 熊卫东,孙君社.苦瓜竹叶饮料的研宄[J].竹类工业,1998,1(4):23-26.
[92] Hamaguchi, Masaaki, Deodorants containing plant extracts for treating odorous air in toilets, refrigerators and automobiles etc[J]. Kokai Koho JP, 1998(7):5.
[93] Takemori, Sho;Yamauchi Mamoru; Bamboo leaf or stem for preparation Of food deodorants[J]. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 1992,(24):4.
[94] Nakayama, Sadao;Nakayama, Setsuko; Improvement of odor and antibacterial activity of vitamin B1[J]. Kokai Koho JP, 1990 (8):3.
[95] Myazawa, Hirotaka;Nishina Atsuro. Plastic composition for antibacterial and antifungal hose, tubes, and cutting boards[J]. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP,1994 (23):551-556.
[96] Kondo, Kazuo; Haeada, Kimitomo; Shibata, Masayoshi; Mazda,Ryosuke Extraction of crude chtinases from higher plants and its chitin—hydrolysis activities[J].Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 1997,23(4),601-603(Japan).
[97] Zhang ying. Determination of SOD-like activity of bamboo leaf extracts by pyrogallo method [J]. Shipin kexue (Beijing) 1997,18(5),47-49(ch).
[98] Takagi Noriko; Sanashiro, Toshinar; Health foods containing antioxidative and antiallergy food materials[J]. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1996(13):9. (JP).
[99] Li Duxin; Zou,Xinxi; Shen, Yongnian. Utilization of bamboo leaves. Ⅰ. Preparation of sodium Chlorophyllin[J]. Xiangtan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao 1995,17(2):58-60, 140(ch).
[100] 莫开菊,张中利.竹叶提取物对微生物抑制作用研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,18(4):16-18.
[101] 李惠珍,陈朝洋.天然食品防腐剂——竹叶的研究.抗菌物质的提取、抗菌活性及稳定性[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990,6(6):74-82.
[102] 杨校生.国内外竹子化学利用及其研究概况(续)[J].世界林业,1997(7):34-35.
[103] 杜小艳.竹叶石膏汤治疗癌性发热32例[J].湖南中医杂志,1997,13(6):25.
[104] 史慧敏.竹叶合剂治疗儿童口腔溃疡32例的临床观察[J].洛阳医专学报,1997,16(4):262.
[105] 罗丽霞.竹叶石膏汤新用[J].新中医,1997(8):50.
[106] 尚春荣.竹叶合剂治疗儿童口腔溃疡32例[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2000,9(7):262.
[107] 邱金山.竹叶石膏汤疗呃逆临床体会[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(1):77.
[108] 黄晓华,陈勇.竹叶石膏汤治疗小儿盗汗86例[J].四川中医,2001,19(1):49.
[109] 魏雪飞.竹叶石膏汤加减治疗小儿厌食症68例[J].实用中医药杂志,2001,17(12):16-17.
[110] 戴子辰.竹叶石膏汤治疗顽固性不寐58例临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,2001,8(2):122-123.
[111] 陈冠敏,姜瑞权.天然防腐剂—“竹叶提取液”的致突变性研究[J].卫生毒理学杂志,1994(4):309.
[112] 唐莉莉.竹叶有效成分的研究[D].无锡:无锡轻工大学硕士论文,1997.
[113] 冯涛,曹东旭.利用响应面法确定竹叶中黄酮最佳提取条件[J].天津轻工业学院学报 2003,18(2):9-114.
[114] 许刚.竹叶中黄酮提取方法的研究[J].分析化学 2000(7):857-859.
[115] 许刚,唐莉莉,竹叶多糖的分离提取及活性研究[J].食品研究与开发,2000,21(1):8-10.
[116] 丁玉强,陈春英,Elmahadi,EA,等.箬竹叶水溶性多糖的色谱研究[J].色谱,1996,11(6):470-472.
[117] 李笃信.竹叶综合利用研究(Ⅰ)—制取叶绿素铜钠盐[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,1995,17(2):58-61.
[118] 杨立荣,胡斌,韩兆荣,等.叶绿素铜钠盐的制备[J].浙江大学学报,1998,32(6):745-752.
[119] 罗立新,林万新,王聪玲,等.竹叶中叶绿素提取工艺研究[J].日用化学工业,1996(6):50-51.
[120] 姚志湘,粟晖,韦建平,等.竹叶中有效成分的提取条件及抗氧化活性的研究[J].广西工学院学报,2000,11(1).:157-159.
[121] 毛燕,王学利.毛竹叶、枝茶多酚提取及含量的测定[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(2):49-51.
[122] 江霞,许燕滨.竹叶黄酮精制的研究[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2001(6):34-35.
[123] 江霞.毛竹叶中黄酮类化合物提取和精制的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学硕士论文.1992,5.
[124] 张英,陈敬秒,丁霄霖.竹叶黄酮水溶液的稳定性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(5):29-32.
[125] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶有效成分和抗活性氧自由基效能的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(3):17-24.
[126] 许刚.竹叶中黄酮的提取研究[J].食品与机械,1999(6):23-24.
[127] 孟阳,于丽娟,洪伯铿.花生壳中黄酮类抗氧化物的提取及在食晶中的应用[J].食品科学.1997,18(12):27-29.
[128] 孙国金.超声辅助竹叶黄酮提取研究[D].浙江:浙江大学硕士论文,2003,5.
[129] 周惠燕.竹叶的化学成分研究[D].浙江:浙江大学硕士论文,2002,5.
[130] 张梦军.中草药中黄酮类化合物的分离分析[D].重庆:重庆大学硕士论文,2002,5.
[131] 冯涛.竹叶总黄酮提取及纯化工艺的研究[D].天津:天津科技大学硕士论文,2003.3.
[132] Emam, A. M.; Elias, R.; Moussa, A. M.; Faure, R.; Debrauwer, L.; Balans,Two flavonoid triglycosides from buddleja madagascariensis[J]. Phytochemistry,1998, 48(4):739-742.
[133] William Mullen, Richard C. Hartley, Alan Crozier,14 D erection and dentific-ati on of C-labelled flavonol metabolites byhigh-performanee liquid chromatography- radiocounting and tandem mass spectrometry [J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2003(1007): 21-29.
[134] Senatore, Felice; De Feo, Vincenzo, Flavonoid Glycosides from Minthostachys spicata(Lamiaceae)[J]. Bioehemical Systematics and Ecology,1995,23(5):573-574.
[135] Perez-Castorena, A.L.;Maldonado,E.,Triterpenes and flavonoid glycosides from Cuphea wrightii[J]. Biochemical Systematies and Ecology 2003, 31 (3): 331-334.
[136] New exudate flavonoids of species from the Chrysanthemum complex (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) K.M. Valant-Vetschera c, E. Wollenweber a, R. Faure b,E. Gaydoub[J]. Biochemical Systematies and Ecology 2003 (31):545-548.
[137] Xie, Jianchun; Zhu, Lili; Luo, Hongpeng; Zhou, Li et al;Direct extraction of specific pharmacophoric flavonoids from gingko leaves using a molecularly imprinted polymer for quercetin [J]. Journal of Chromatography A Volume, 2001,934(2):1-11.,
[138] Lawrence O. Arot Manguro. Flavonol and drimane-type sesquiterpene glycosides of Warburgia stuhlmannii leaves[J], Phytochemistry 2003,63:497-502.
[139] Timbola, A. K.; Szpoganicz, B.; Branco, A A new flavonol from leaves of Eugenia jambolana[J]. Fitoterapia Volume, 2002, 73(2): 174-176.
[140] Wang, Huafu; Helliwell, Keith.Determination of flavonols in green and black tea leaves and green tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Food Research International Volume,2001,34(3):223-227.
[142] Tang, Yuping; Lou, Fengchang; Wang.Coumaroyl flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba[J].Phytochemistry Volume, 2001, 58:1251-1256.
[143] 赵勋,王亚群.高效毛细管电泳法分离黄酮类化合物的进展[J].华西医学2002,17(4):577-578.
[144] 汪海峰,曹锡忠,杨慧萍.花生壳甲醇提取物中木犀草素的分离与鉴定研究[J].中国粮油学报,1997,12(3):48-52.
[145] 陈四平,赵桂琴.应用高速逆流色谱分离黄芩茎叶中黄酮类化合物[J].承德医学院学报,2002,19(4):328.
[146] 邹耀洪.箬竹叶中黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱分析[J].分析化学,1996,24(2):216-219.
[147] 北京医学院.中草药成分化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1980:286,314-315.
[148] Validated method for the quantitation of quercetin from human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Journal of Chromatography B[J].Biomedical Sciences and Applications Volume,1999,727(2): 179-189.
[149] Erlund, Iris; Alfthan, Georg; Siren, Heli; Ariniemi, Karl; Aro, Antti Identification of quereetin glucuronides in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications Volume,2001,753(2):237-243.
[150] 谢敏,胡燕,陈维平.高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶及其提取物中黄酮类成分的含量[J].中国药师,1999,2(3):146-147.
[151] 袁铁流.HPLC法测定银杏叶中槲皮素含量的研究[J].湖南中医杂志,2000,16(3):73-78.
[152] 刘文尧,梁爱君,白皓.高效液相色谱法测定鱼腥草中槲皮素的含量[J].解放军药学 报,1999(15):640-641.
[153] 中国国家卫生部标准WS-02(Z-1)-93.
[154] Pietrzak, L. N.; Collins, E W. Comparison of Fluorometric Reagents for Microspectro fluorometric Determination of Flavonoid Glycosides in Wheat Germ[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 1996, 23(1): 85-91.
[155] 徐国兵,汪海孙.薄层扫描法测定益胆片中氯原酸的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(6):411-413.
[156] 宋秀荣,杨更亮,李杰,等.毛细管电泳法测定桑叶中的有效成分[J].中成药,2000,22(2):158.
[157] Chen, Gang; Zhang, Hongwei; Ye, Jiannong, Determination of rutin and quercetin in plants by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 20004,23(1): 69-76.
[158] 姜舜尧,宋景政,周明昊,等.高效毛细管电泳测定夏天中药材中延胡索乙素的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(5):337.
[159] 张新申,刘福华.竹叶中有效成分的分离研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2002,34(6):116-118.
[160] 徐维娅.色谱技术和伏安法在竹叶提取物成分分析中的应用研究[D].浙江:浙江大学硕士论文,2002,5.
[161] Cristea, Daniela; Bareau, Isabelle; Vilarem, Gerard.Identifieation and quantitative HPLC analysis of the main flavonoids present in weld (Reseda luteola L.) [J]. Dyes and Pigments, 2003,57(3): 267-272.
[162] Mullen, William; Hartley, Richard C.; Crozier, Alan.Detection and identification of 14C-labelled flavonol metabolites by high-performanee liquid chromatographyradiocounting and tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A Volume, 2003,1007(2): 21-29.
[163] Novak, Ondrej; Tarkowski, Petr; Tarkowska Danube; Quantitative analysis of cytokinins in plants by liquid chromatography-single-quadrupole mass spectrometry [J].Analytica Chimica Acta Volume, 2003,480(2): 207-218.
[164] Long-Ze Lin, Xian-Guo He, Michael Lindenmaier et al.Liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization mass spectrometrystudy of the flavonoids of the roots of Astragalus mongholicusand A. membranaceus [J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2000,876:87-95.
[165] Stobiecki, Maciej Bibliographic. Application of mass spectrometry for identification and structural studies of flavonoid glycosides [J].Phytochemistry Volume, 2000,54(3):237-256.
[166] 马欣,孙疏庆.高效液相色谱-紫外-电喷雾-质谱法分析银杏叶中黄酮醇类化合物[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(4):275-279.
[167] 毛燕.苦竹叶水溶性糖提取最佳方案的设计和纯度的鉴定[J].竹子研究汇刊,2002,21(3):46-50.
[168] 严明潮.茶叶多糖的捍取及应用[J].中国食品添加剂,1999,(4):50-51.
[169] 吴可,于宙.金针菇子实体多糖分离最佳工艺研究[J].食品与发酵工业,1998,24(4):5-8.
[170] 王士刚.香菇营养成分的提取及香菇饮料研究[J].食品科学,1994,2(8):17-20.
[171] 刘依,韩鲁佳.微波技术在板蓝根多糖提取中的应用[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(2):27-30.
[172] 陈祥贵,王志民.金针菇多糖的酶法提取及利用[J].四川工业学院学报,1999,18(4):38-42.
[173] Newman, R. K, et al. Barley as a food groin Cereal[J]. Food world,1991,36(9): 806.
[174] Wasserman,B.P.et al,Hull-lessbarley bran:a potential new product from an old grain Cereal[J]. Food World, 1995.40(11):819.
[175] 陈正行.米糠脂多糖提取物中分离蛋白质的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2000,15(5):6-9.
[176] 郑晓冬,周敏,傅承新.薏米多糖提取工艺的优化[J].中国粮油学报,2000,15(5):19-22.
[177] 陈灵罗.利用中空纤维超滤分离和浓缩灵芝多糖[J].上海交通大学学报,1996 30(11):114-117.
[178] 李孝辉,何海玲.活性多糖β-葡聚糖的制各[J].食品科学,1998(5):35-36.
[179] 尹源明,何国庆.大麦中活性多糖提取的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2002,17(1):43-45.
[180] 田庚元,冯宇澄,林颖.植物多糖的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(7):441-444.
[181] 王厚廷,乔善义.超滤法提取六昧地黄汤活性多糖的工艺研究[J].解放军药学学报 2001,17(2):69-71.
[182] 乔善义,王乃利.枸杞子活性多糖的研究[J].药学学报,2001,36(3):196-199.
[183] 苏亚玲,程发良.灵芝菌生物活性多糖与总糖的测定[J].食品科学,2001,22(9):62-64.
[184] Michel. D et al, Colorimetrie Method for Determination of Sugar and Related Substance [J].Anal chem., 1956,28:350-357.
[185] 黄民权,黄步汉.铁皮石斛多糖的提取、分离和分析[J].中草药,1994,25(3):128-129.
[186] 林玉满.竹荪多糖的分离和纯化[J].食用菌学报,1995,2(1):17-20.
[187] 吴东儒.糖类的生物化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[188] 刘翠平,方积年.质谱技木在糖类结构分析中的应用[J].分析化学,2001,29(6):716-720.
[189] 张维杰主编,糖类复合物生化研究技术[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1994:16-17.
[190] 盛家荣,曾令辉.多糖的提取、分离及结构分析[J].广西师院学报(自然科学版),1999,16(4):49-54.
[191] 张惟杰.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[192] 王顺春,方积年.X-射线纤维衍射在多糖构型分析中应用的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2000,12(2):75-80.
[193] 罗立新.竹叶中叶绿素提取工艺研究[J].日用化学工业,1996(6):50-51.
[194] 刘晓燕,丁杰.竹叶绿色素的提取及稳定性研究[J].化学研究与应用,2000,12(2):201-203.
[195] 高居易,郑怀舟.新法提取竹叶绿色色素及其毒性和稳定性的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(4):58-62.
[196] 薛福连.从竹叶中提取叶绿素新工艺[J].中国资源综合利用,2002(1):33-34.
[197] 王仲礼.从竹叶中提取叶绿素[J].农牧产品开发,1999(2):28-29.
[198] Liu, Liping; Zhang, Shurong; Dai, Daying. Technological study on making sodium copper chlorophyllin from bamboo leaves[J]. Chongqing Daxue Xuebao, ziran kexueban 2000,23(3): 109-111.
[199] 贾之慎,刘志坤,傅一穷.竹类中黄酮类化合物总量的研究(J).竹子研究汇刊,1995,14(2):39-45.
[200] J.M.O. Scurlock,_, D.C. Dayton, B. Hames Bamboo: an overlooked biomass resource[J], B iomass and Bioenergy ,2000,19: 229-244.
[201] 胡春水.竹的药膳史及竹食品开发[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999,18(1):27-31.
[202] Cai,Jinzhi;Lei,Jinming;Lin,Haiying.Extraetion of ehlorophyllin from bamboo leaves[J]. Fuzhou Dxue Xuebao Ziran Kexueban 1992,20(2),109-113(eh) .
[203] 蔺定运.食品色素的识别与运用[M].北京:中国食品出版社,1987.89.
[204] 凌关庭.食品添加剂手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1989:129-145.
[205] 李斯.竹叶提取绿色素[J].农村新技术,1994(2):39.
[206] 杨立荣,胡斌,韩兆荣,等.叶绿素铜钠盐的制备[J].浙江大学学报,1998,32(6):745-752.
[207] 范继善主编.实用食品添加剂[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1993,82-83.
[208] 无锡轻工业学院、天津轻工业学院合编.食品分析[M].北京:轻工出版社,1989.
[209] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶功能性成分类SOD活性的综合考察[J].中国食品学报,1998,2(2):62-66.
[210] 张英,唐莉莉.毛金竹叶提取物抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,1 6(4):62-67.
[211] Chen, Y. etal., Flavonoids as supemxidescavengem and antioxidants[J]. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 1990(9):19-21.
[212] 张英.竹叶保健功能因子的研究[D].无锡:无锡轻工大学博士学位论文,1995,33-54:122-124.
[213] 张英,陈敬秒,丁霄霖.竹叶黄酮水溶液的稳定性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(S1):29-32.
[214] Foti, M. etal., Flavonoids, coumarins, and cinnamicacids as antioxidants in amicellar system. :structure activityrelationship[J].Agric.FoodChem., 1996(44): 497-501.
[215] Massaeli, H2. Sobrattee, S. and Pierce,G.N.,The importance of lipdsolubility, in antioxidants and free radical generating system for determining lipoprote in peroxidation [J],Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 1999(26):1524-1530.
[216] 张英,吴晓琴,陈秀俊.竹叶黄酮糖苷的水解和抗氧化性能研究—Ⅰ黄酮糖苷水解工艺的响应面法优化[J].中国粮油学报,2001,16(3):34-37.
[217] Scott, R. & Slater, T. F. Free radical scavenging activity of (+)-Catechin and other flavonoids, In. Slater, T. F. & Garner, A., eds. Reeentadvanees in lipid peroxidation and tissue injury. London:Brunel University; 1981:233-244.
[218] Rafat Husain, S.;Cillard, J. and Cillard, P., Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids[J]. Phtochemistry; 1987(26) :2489-2491.
[219] Chen, Y., Zheng, R; Jia, Z. and Ju, Y., Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants, Free Radical Biology & Medicing;1990(9):19-21.
[220] 王茵,来伟旗,梅松,等.竹叶黄酮的毒性研究[J].浙江省医学报,1999(6):25-27.
[221] 李惠珍.天然食品防腐剂——竹叶的研究Ⅰ:抗菌物质的提取、抗菌活性及稳定性[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990,6(2):25-28.
[222] 刘茂辉.苦竹叶保健饮料的研究[J].食品工业科技,1995(2):31-33.
[223] 张英,冯磊,陈霞,等.一种新型的保健啤酒——竹啤[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(1):33-37.
[224] 张英.一种添加竹叶黄酮提取物的保健啤酒[P].中国发明专利ZL98104563.4
[225] 吴建中,许春波,周嵘,等.竹叶保鲜剂的提取及抑菌效果初探[J].食品工业科技,1999,20(2):14-15.
[226] 万素英,李琳,王慧君编.食品防腐与防腐剂[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998.
[227] 陆志科,谢碧霞.植物源天然食品防腐剂的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2003(1):94-96.
[228] 范青生.我国抗菌植物资源研究与开发利用[J].自然资源,1995(6):20.
[229] 吴传茂.草提取液的抑菌作用研究[J].中国商办工业,2000(4):49-50.
[230] 杨荣华,林家莲.香辛料的抗菌性[J].中国调味品,1999(12):2-3.
[231] Shelf, L. A. Naglik, O. A., and Bogen, D. W. Sensitivity of some food-borne bacteria to the spices sage, rosemary, and allspice[J]. Food, Sci 1980, 45:1042.
[232] 董定绵编译.海洋生物的生理活性物质[M].北京:海洋出版社,1984.
[233] Reichelt, J. L. et al. Antmicrobial activity from marine algae:Results of a large-scale screening programme[J]. Hydrobiologia.1984.116-117:158-168.
[234] Kaneda, and s. Abe,Hypocholesterolemic Efect of seaweeds on rats[J]. Hudrobiologio. 1984,116-117:149-152.
[235] 李淑娟.银杏叶的药用价值及开发利用前景[J].生物技术,1995,2:44-45.
[236] Akatsuka. T. Kodamao, Sekido H. et al. Novel phytoalexins isolataled from rice blast rice blast leaves infected with pyrieularia oryzae Agrie Biol[J]. Chem. 1985,49:1689.
[237] Ohtani K, Mavi S, Hostettmann K. Molluscidal and antifungal triterpenoid saponins from Ropanea melanphloeos leaves.phytochem, 1993(33):83.
[238] S. Duh. C. Y, Wamg S K. Cytotoxic flavonoids from the leaves of Melicope trophlia[J]. phytochem,1994,35:271.
[239] 常继东.食用菌中的食品天然防腐剂产生菌筛选初[J].江苏食用菌,1993,5:24.
[240] 李平作,章克昌.灵芝发酵菌丝体中灵芝酸的分离纯化及生物活性检测[J].天然产物研究与开发,1999,11(4):67-80.
[241] 秦红敏,张长铠.浓香乳菇菌丝抗菌活性的研究[J].食品科学,2000,21(4):40-42.
[242] 王维华,王南舟,钟立人.连翘制剂对常见食品腐败菌的抑制作用[J].食品科学,1997(7):46-48.
[243] 周邦靖.常用中药的抗菌作用及其测定方法[M].四川:科学枝术出版社重庆分社,1987.
[244] 林辛录,玉德安.溶菌酶在饮料中的应用[J].食品科学,1994(11):37—40.
[245] 王光华,张燕婉.脱乙酰壳聚糖醋酸混合液对含氧包装鲜猪肉中细菌生长的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,1992(2):1-7.
[246] 张伟.天然防腐剂—水溶性壳聚糖衍生物[J].食品工业科枝,1998(6):36-38.
[247] 姜明.天然生物防腐剂—柞蚕抗菌肽的研究[J].食品科学,1993(2):3-20.
[248] 王南丹,钟立人,贡高雄,等.鱼精蛋白抗菌特性的研究[J].食品科学,2000(4):43-46.
[249] Bellamy W. Antimicribial spectrum of lact0fericinB, a potent bactericidal pepcide derived frome the N-terminal region of bovine lactoferrin[J]. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1992, 121: 235-240.
[250] 谢俊杰.食品防腐新领域—微生物天然防腐剂[J].食品科学,1999(1):13-14.
[251] 王吉彬.食品生物防腐剂—细菌素之介绍[J].食品工业,1996(5):23—30.
[252] J.S.Berwal,et al.Molds as protective cultures for raw dry sausages[J].Journal of food protection,1994,57(10):928-930.
[253] 谢俊杰,钟青萍,余世望,等.红茶菌液抑菌作用的研究[J].食品科技,2000(6):59-60.
[254] V. Kyzlink. Principles of food preservation. Elservier Applied Sciense, 1990:508-512.
[255] 毛宁.红曲霉的有效生理活性物质及其应用[J].中国调味品,1994(4):8-11.
[256] 杜连祥主编.嗜杀酵母在酒类酿造中的应用[M].北京:中国食品出版社,1997:1-3.
[257] 孟昭赫.食品卫生检验方法注解—微生物学部分[M].北京:人民卫生出版杜,1990.11-45
[258] 沈萍,范秀容,李广武.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.25-48.
[259] 郑钧镛,王光宝.药品微生物学及检验技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版杜,1989.43-56.
[260] 贵州农学院主编.生物统计附实验设计[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.21-46.
[261] 张立明,王贤舜编著.现代生物化学分析原理[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1991.32-48.
[262] 刘钟栋.食品添加剂原理及应用技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.34-52.
[263] 中科院上海药物所编.中草药有效成分提取与分离[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1983.14-58.
[264] 阚毓铭主编.中药化学实验操作技术[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1988.12-45.
[265] 北京医学院.中草药成分化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1980.286,314-315.
[266] 庄向平.总黄酮含量的测定[J].中草药,1992:23(3):122-124.
[267] 无锡轻工业学院,天津轻工业学院合编.食品分析[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1989:211.
[268] 潘见,陈强,谢慧明,等.大孔树脂对葛根黄酮的吸附分离特性研究[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(1):236-240.
[269] 麻秀萍,蒋朝晖,杨玉琴,等.大孔树脂对银杏叶黄酮的吸附研究[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(9):539-542.
[270] 章燕豪编著.吸附作用[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1989:189.
[271] 钱庭宝.吸附树脂及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1990:165-175.
[272] 肖崇厚.中药化学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997:265-297.597-601
[273] 李如亮.生物化学实验[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1998.13-38.
[274] 孙文基.天然药物成分提取分离与制备[M].北京:中国医药科学技:术出版社,1994:258.
[275] 张振学,刘坷.黄酮金属络合物作为潜在药物的研制与开发[J].中草药,1996,27(3):180-183.
[276] 张德权.生物类黄酮的研究及应用概况[J].食品与发酵工业,1999(6):52-57.
[277] 刘佳佳.硼酸-柠檬酸比色法测银杏枝叶中黄酮苷含量[J].食品与发酵工业,1999(6):42-44.
[278] 戴伦凯,谢玉如.黄酮类化合物[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.5-48.
[279] 王泽农.茶叶生物化学[M].北京:农业出版社,1984.97.
[280] 王连生.分子连接性与分子结构活性[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992:10-190.
[281] Hansch C. Muir M, Fuijita T, et al., The correlation of biolgical activity of plant growth regulators and chloromycetin derivative with Hamett Constants and partition coefficients. , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963,86: 16-26.
[282] Kamlet M J, Doherty RM, Abbound J, et al., Linear solvation energy relationships zMolecular properties governing solubility of organic nonelectrolytes in water[J]. Pharm. Sci., 1986,75(4)-339.
[283] 王连生,韩朔睽等编著.分子结构、性质与活性[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.8.
[284] Kier LB, HaU LH, Molecular connectivity in chemistry and drug research[M].academic press. New York. 1976.
[285] Kier LB, Hall LH, Molecular connectivity in structure-activity analysis[M].Research Studies Press, England. 1986.
[286] Yalkowsky SH,Sinkala AA,Valvani SC, Physical chemical properties of drugs[M]. Marcel Dekker INC. , New York. ,1980.
[287] Sabljic A, Modeling environmental destribution of organic pollutants in QSARs[M]. Quantitative-activity relationships in drug design, Liss INC. , New York., 1989.
[288] Govers H, Rueperl C, Aiking H, Quanlilative structure-activity relationships for polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons zeorrelation and toxicity in Daphnia pulex[J].Chemo. sphere,1984,13(2): 227-236.
[289] 王连生.关于分子连接性指数与理化参数相关的探讨[M].北京:环境科学丛书,1989,10(3):1-150.
[290] Hall LH, Kier LB, Phipps G, Structure-activity relationship Studies on the toxici-
[2] 刘云.我国竹类资源开发利用前景与途径[J].自然资源,1988(3):25-30.
[3] 周芳纯.21世纪竹业的回顾和21世纪展望[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999,18(4):1-4.
[4] 董源.中国植物之最[M].北京:中国旅游出版社.1987:92-99.
[5] 邱尔发,洪伟,郑郁善.中国竹子多样性及其利用评述[J].竹子研究汇刊,2001,20(2):11-14.
[6] 陆志科,谢碧霞.竹叶化学成分的分析与资源的开发利用[J].林业科技开发,2003(1):6-9.
[7] 江泽慧.在第四届中国竹子之乡联谊会暨全国竹(藤)业经济发展研讨会开幕式上的致词[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(3):2-3:2001,7(3):1.
[8] 萧江华.我国竹业发展现状与对策[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(1):1-5.
[9] 傅懋毅.依靠科学技术加速我国竹林的优质培育[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(3):9-12.
[10] 陆志科 谢碧霞.近十年我国竹叶研究论文的调查与分析[J].竹子研究汇刊,2003(2)49-52.
[11] 陈统爱主编.中国山区经济林发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.7.
[12] 辉朝茂,杜凡,杨宇明编著.竹类培育与利用[M].北京:中国林业出版社 1996.10.
[13] 耿伯介.中国植物志[M].第九卷第一分册.北京:科学出版社.1996.
[14] 傅懋毅,杨校生.我国竹类研究展望和竹林生境利用[J].竹子研究汇刊,2003,2(2):1-8.
[15] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶有效成分和抗活性氧自由基效能研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(3):17-24.
[16] 李兆龙.日本公开特许公报81-5319 82-39753竹汁保健食品[J].食品科学,1986,7(12):17-19.
[17] 竹类综合利用课题组.竹秆和竹汁的微量元素研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1991,10(1):9-12.
[18] 许钢,张虹,董建红,等.竹叶提取物清除超氧自由基的研究[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(3):17-21.
[19] 张英.毛金竹叶提取物抗衰老作用的试验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(4):18-20.
[20] 赖春根.箬竹叶水浸提物的化学成分研究[J].浙江林业科技,1996,15(1):7-10.
[21] 毛燕,王学利.毛竹等九种竹叶中蛋白质和总糖含量的测定[J].竹子研究汇刊,1998,17(2):18-20.
[22] 张英,唐莉莉,丁霄霖.竹叶功能因子生物抗氧化性质的研究[J].营养学报,1998,20(3):367-372.
[23] 李慧珍.天然防腐剂—竹叶的研究Ⅰ.福桔、苹果及果蔬汁的防腐试验[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,11(3):89-93.
[24] 张伟.竹叶防腐剂的研究[J].食品与机械,1999(1):37.
[25] 陈朝阳.天然防腐剂—竹叶的研究Ⅲ.肉、豆腐及肉汁的防腐试验[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,13(2):88-92.
[26] 张伟.竹叶对食品致病菌的抑制作用[J].食品科学,1998,19(4):37-40.
[27] 唐莉莉,徐榕榕,丁霄霖.竹叶多糖对小鼠移植瘤的抑制作用[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1998,17(3):62-65.
[28] 许钢,张红.竹叶、六月霜提取物抑菌作用比较研究[J].食品科技,2001(6):22-23.
[29] 吴建中,许春波,周嵘,等.竹叶保鲜剂的提取及抑菌效果初探[J].食品工业科技,1999,20(2):14-15.
[30] 黄文,王益.竹叶提取物抑菌特性的研究[J].林产化学与工业,2002(3):68-70.
[31] 张英,吴晓琴.强化竹叶提取物对麦乳精抗氧化性能的改进[J].食品科学,2001,22(6):76-80.
[32] 张英,吴晓琴,陈秀俊.竹叶黄酮糖苷的水解及其苷元的抗氧化性能研究-Ⅰ[J].中国粮油学报,2001(6):34-37.
[33] 沈建福,张英,徐维娅,等.竹叶黄酮糖苷的水解及其苷元的抗氧化性能研究-Ⅱ[J].中国粮油学报,2001(8):14-17.
[34] 姚志湘,粟晖,韦建平,等.竹叶中有效成分的提取条件及抗氧化活性的研究[J].广西工学院学报,2000,11(1):57-59.
[35] 金普放.竹叶石膏汤治疗肝癌介入化疗后呕吐58例[J].浙江中医杂志,1995(5):200.
[36] 孙蓉.萃取剂、预浸时间和浸提时间对竹叶提取物中营养成分的影响[J].绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,2002,19(2):25-26.
[37] 邹建敏.竹叶黄酮化合物总量及芦丁含量的测定[J].浙江农业大学学报,1998(40):339-343.
[38] 张英.竹叶提取物类SOD活性的邻苯三酚江测定[J].食品科学,1997,18(5):47-49.
[39] 侯镜德,张廷志,肖军.高效液相色谱法测定苦竹叶中总黄酮[J].宁波高等专科学校学报,2001(3):89-91.
[40] 江苏新医学院.中药大辞典[M]:下册.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1977:2253-2254.
[41] 刘翠,王文久.竹叶资源研究进展及开发利用—兼谈云南丛生竹叶资源开发对策[J].林业建设,1999(6):10-14.
[42] Shimano T, Mizuno M, Izeki.S. Ann. Proc. Gifu, Coll. pharm., 1954(4):136-139.
[43] Ohmoto T, Ikuse M, Natori S. Phytochemistry 1970, 9(10): 2137-2148.
[44] 中国医学科学院药物研究所编.中草药有效成分的研究[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1972:441.
[45] 肖贻崧,张廷志,侯镜德.苦竹叶中黄酮类化合物的液相色谱-质谱联用分析[J].宁波高等专科学校学报,2001,13(3):123-126.
[46] 张英.天然功能性添加剂——竹叶提取物[J].精细与专用化学品,2002(7):20-22.
[47] 黄文,王益.竹叶的化学成份及应用进展[J].中国林副特产,2002(8):65-66.
[48] 赖椿根.箬竹叶水提取物化学成分研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1996,12(2):161-165.
[49] 韩雅珊主编.食品化学实验指导[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1992:19-21.
[50] 毛燕.早竹和高节竹叶化学成分的初步测定[J].浙江林学院学报,1997,发4(4):410-414.
[51] 陆志科,廖威.毛竹叶化学成分的初步测定[J].山西大学学报,2003(1):46-48.
[52] 王传槐,陈锐.竹叶氨基酸及生物转化的研究[J].竹类研究,1987(3):16-19.
[53] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶特种氨基酸的存在及其生物学意义[J].无锡轻工业大学学报,1997,16(1):29-32.
[54] 周兆祥.竹叶的化学成分与研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1992,4(1):44-51.
[55] 金旭东,陈庆宏.竹叶挥发油的提取及成分分析[J].天然产物研究与开发 1999,11(4):71-74.
[56] 毛燕,刘志坤.毛竹叶挥发性成分的提取与GC-MS分析[J].福建林学院学报2001,21(3):265-267.
[57] 张英,汤竖.竹叶精油和头香的CGC—MS—DS研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,1998,10(4):38-43.
[58] 竹类综合利用课题组.竹秆和竹叶的微量元索研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1991(10):57.
[59] 周兆样,陈钢敏.竹叶中矿物质元素的测定[J].林产化工通讯,1992(3):22-25.
[60] 张英,吴晓琴,俞卓裕.竹叶黄酮和内酯的季节性变化规律研究[J].林产化学与工业,2002,22(2):65-69.
[61] 陈纯馨,陈浙.竹叶叶绿素的提取及其稳定性研究[J].食品研究与开发,2000(3):17-18.
[62] 冯玉然,常加伦.竹叶石膏汤为主治疗流行性出血热34例[J].河南中医药学刊,2000,15(6):52-53.
[63] 郑汉武.竹叶石膏汤加减治疗小儿夏季热20例[J].福建中医药,1999,30(4):30-31.
[64] 陈亚军,陈广平.竹叶石膏汤加味治疗夏季热[J].中国中医急症 1997,6(6):285.
[65] Miller.D.M & Aust.S.D..Studies of ascorbic-dependent iron-catalvsed lipideroxidation Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,1989:217,113-119.
[66] Scott.R&Slater, T.F.F.Free radical scalscavenging activity of (+)-catechinanother flavonoids in:Slater, T.F. & Garner.A.,eds.Recent advances in lipideroxidation and tissue in jury. London, Bruneluniversity;1981:233-244.
[67] Rafat Husain, S., Cillard, J and Cillard, P., Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Phytochemistry1987(26):2489-2491.
[68] Chen,Y.; Y.Zheng, R.,JIA, and Ju. Yy. Flavonoids as superoxidescavengers and antioxidants, Free Radical Biology & Medicne,1990(9):19-21.
[69] Modlin, R. F, Alred, P.A and Tjemeld, F. Utilization of temperature—induced phase separation, for the purification of cedysone and 20-hydroxyeccdysone from spinach, J.of Chromatogr. 1994,668 (A): 229-236.
[70] Foti,Metal..Flavonoids,coumarins.and cinnamicacids as antioxdants in amicellar system. Structure-activity relationship, J. Agric. FoodChem.,1996(44):497-501.
[71] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶功能性成分类SOD活性的综合考察[J].中国食品学报,1998,2(2) :62-66.
[72] 杨鹤筹.江西省竹类资源的加工利用[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999.18(4):11-16.
[73] 范镇基.非蛋白氮基酸的功能与应用[J].氮基酸杂志,1990(1):25-34.
[74] 乔章星.竹沥中氨基酸成分的研究[J].中国药学杂志,1993,28(1):18-19.
[75] 李平山.鲜竹沥的化学成分研究[J].中草药,1984,15(4):3-4.
[76] 邹积平.七种竹沥镇咳祛痰作用比较[J].中草药,1981,12(4):27-28.
[77] Radha G K, Finn W. Post-translational modifications: Unique amino acids in proteins, Proceedings of the First Biennial International Conference on Amino Acid Research: Frontiers and New Horizons, Kyoto, 1991 : 183-195.
[78] Lambein F, etal. Toxic non-coding amino acids in the genus Latthyrus, Proceedings of the First Biennial International Conference on Amino Acid Research:Frontiers and New Horizons, Kyoto,August. 1991 : 99-107.
[79] 张英.竹叶提取物及其利用[Z].竹滕组织专家研讨交流论文,1998.4.
[80] Takatsuki s.食物 ·竹类杂志(日),1989(7):39-49.
[81] 张英,唐莉莉.毛金竹叶提取物抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,16(4):12-14.
[82] 周运超.料慈竹叶营养特性的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997(1):13-18.
[83] 许钢,张虹,庞洁.竹叶提取物对亚硝化反应的抑制作用[J].郑州工程学院学报,2001,22(1):69-72.
[84] 沈健,冯磊.竹叶提取物调节血脂作用的研究[J].现代康复,1999,3(5):549-551.
[85] 冯磊,沈健.竹叶提取物降低小鼠脂质过氧化、升高GSH-PX和SOD活力的作用研究[J].现代康复,1999,3(3):334-336.
[86] 陈家俊.竹叶石膏汤治疗癌性发热的疗效观察[J].福建中医药,1995(5):9.
[87] Rodgers, E. Hazel; Grant, M. Helen. The effect of the flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin and epicatechin on the growth and enzyme activities of MCF7 human breast cancer cells [J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 1998, 116(3): 213-228.
[88] 姚旌旗,李映红,刘红梅,等.竹叶提取液对ASP-Ⅰ肺癌细胞生长的影响[J].咸宁医学院学报,2002,16(1):21-22.
[89] 李良崽,陈丽霞.竹叶柳蒡汤加减治疗急性肾小球肾炎38例[J].实用中医药杂志,2001,17(12):14.
[90] 张英.竹叶黄酮水溶液的稳定性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(5):29-32.
[91] 熊卫东,孙君社.苦瓜竹叶饮料的研宄[J].竹类工业,1998,1(4):23-26.
[92] Hamaguchi, Masaaki, Deodorants containing plant extracts for treating odorous air in toilets, refrigerators and automobiles etc[J]. Kokai Koho JP, 1998(7):5.
[93] Takemori, Sho;Yamauchi Mamoru; Bamboo leaf or stem for preparation Of food deodorants[J]. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 1992,(24):4.
[94] Nakayama, Sadao;Nakayama, Setsuko; Improvement of odor and antibacterial activity of vitamin B1[J]. Kokai Koho JP, 1990 (8):3.
[95] Myazawa, Hirotaka;Nishina Atsuro. Plastic composition for antibacterial and antifungal hose, tubes, and cutting boards[J]. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP,1994 (23):551-556.
[96] Kondo, Kazuo; Haeada, Kimitomo; Shibata, Masayoshi; Mazda,Ryosuke Extraction of crude chtinases from higher plants and its chitin—hydrolysis activities[J].Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 1997,23(4),601-603(Japan).
[97] Zhang ying. Determination of SOD-like activity of bamboo leaf extracts by pyrogallo method [J]. Shipin kexue (Beijing) 1997,18(5),47-49(ch).
[98] Takagi Noriko; Sanashiro, Toshinar; Health foods containing antioxidative and antiallergy food materials[J]. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1996(13):9. (JP).
[99] Li Duxin; Zou,Xinxi; Shen, Yongnian. Utilization of bamboo leaves. Ⅰ. Preparation of sodium Chlorophyllin[J]. Xiangtan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao 1995,17(2):58-60, 140(ch).
[100] 莫开菊,张中利.竹叶提取物对微生物抑制作用研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),2000,18(4):16-18.
[101] 李惠珍,陈朝洋.天然食品防腐剂——竹叶的研究.抗菌物质的提取、抗菌活性及稳定性[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990,6(6):74-82.
[102] 杨校生.国内外竹子化学利用及其研究概况(续)[J].世界林业,1997(7):34-35.
[103] 杜小艳.竹叶石膏汤治疗癌性发热32例[J].湖南中医杂志,1997,13(6):25.
[104] 史慧敏.竹叶合剂治疗儿童口腔溃疡32例的临床观察[J].洛阳医专学报,1997,16(4):262.
[105] 罗丽霞.竹叶石膏汤新用[J].新中医,1997(8):50.
[106] 尚春荣.竹叶合剂治疗儿童口腔溃疡32例[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2000,9(7):262.
[107] 邱金山.竹叶石膏汤疗呃逆临床体会[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(1):77.
[108] 黄晓华,陈勇.竹叶石膏汤治疗小儿盗汗86例[J].四川中医,2001,19(1):49.
[109] 魏雪飞.竹叶石膏汤加减治疗小儿厌食症68例[J].实用中医药杂志,2001,17(12):16-17.
[110] 戴子辰.竹叶石膏汤治疗顽固性不寐58例临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,2001,8(2):122-123.
[111] 陈冠敏,姜瑞权.天然防腐剂—“竹叶提取液”的致突变性研究[J].卫生毒理学杂志,1994(4):309.
[112] 唐莉莉.竹叶有效成分的研究[D].无锡:无锡轻工大学硕士论文,1997.
[113] 冯涛,曹东旭.利用响应面法确定竹叶中黄酮最佳提取条件[J].天津轻工业学院学报 2003,18(2):9-114.
[114] 许刚.竹叶中黄酮提取方法的研究[J].分析化学 2000(7):857-859.
[115] 许刚,唐莉莉,竹叶多糖的分离提取及活性研究[J].食品研究与开发,2000,21(1):8-10.
[116] 丁玉强,陈春英,Elmahadi,EA,等.箬竹叶水溶性多糖的色谱研究[J].色谱,1996,11(6):470-472.
[117] 李笃信.竹叶综合利用研究(Ⅰ)—制取叶绿素铜钠盐[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,1995,17(2):58-61.
[118] 杨立荣,胡斌,韩兆荣,等.叶绿素铜钠盐的制备[J].浙江大学学报,1998,32(6):745-752.
[119] 罗立新,林万新,王聪玲,等.竹叶中叶绿素提取工艺研究[J].日用化学工业,1996(6):50-51.
[120] 姚志湘,粟晖,韦建平,等.竹叶中有效成分的提取条件及抗氧化活性的研究[J].广西工学院学报,2000,11(1).:157-159.
[121] 毛燕,王学利.毛竹叶、枝茶多酚提取及含量的测定[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(2):49-51.
[122] 江霞,许燕滨.竹叶黄酮精制的研究[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2001(6):34-35.
[123] 江霞.毛竹叶中黄酮类化合物提取和精制的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学硕士论文.1992,5.
[124] 张英,陈敬秒,丁霄霖.竹叶黄酮水溶液的稳定性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(5):29-32.
[125] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶有效成分和抗活性氧自由基效能的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1996,15(3):17-24.
[126] 许刚.竹叶中黄酮的提取研究[J].食品与机械,1999(6):23-24.
[127] 孟阳,于丽娟,洪伯铿.花生壳中黄酮类抗氧化物的提取及在食晶中的应用[J].食品科学.1997,18(12):27-29.
[128] 孙国金.超声辅助竹叶黄酮提取研究[D].浙江:浙江大学硕士论文,2003,5.
[129] 周惠燕.竹叶的化学成分研究[D].浙江:浙江大学硕士论文,2002,5.
[130] 张梦军.中草药中黄酮类化合物的分离分析[D].重庆:重庆大学硕士论文,2002,5.
[131] 冯涛.竹叶总黄酮提取及纯化工艺的研究[D].天津:天津科技大学硕士论文,2003.3.
[132] Emam, A. M.; Elias, R.; Moussa, A. M.; Faure, R.; Debrauwer, L.; Balans,Two flavonoid triglycosides from buddleja madagascariensis[J]. Phytochemistry,1998, 48(4):739-742.
[133] William Mullen, Richard C. Hartley, Alan Crozier,14 D erection and dentific-ati on of C-labelled flavonol metabolites byhigh-performanee liquid chromatography- radiocounting and tandem mass spectrometry [J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2003(1007): 21-29.
[134] Senatore, Felice; De Feo, Vincenzo, Flavonoid Glycosides from Minthostachys spicata(Lamiaceae)[J]. Bioehemical Systematics and Ecology,1995,23(5):573-574.
[135] Perez-Castorena, A.L.;Maldonado,E.,Triterpenes and flavonoid glycosides from Cuphea wrightii[J]. Biochemical Systematies and Ecology 2003, 31 (3): 331-334.
[136] New exudate flavonoids of species from the Chrysanthemum complex (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) K.M. Valant-Vetschera c, E. Wollenweber a, R. Faure b,E. Gaydoub[J]. Biochemical Systematies and Ecology 2003 (31):545-548.
[137] Xie, Jianchun; Zhu, Lili; Luo, Hongpeng; Zhou, Li et al;Direct extraction of specific pharmacophoric flavonoids from gingko leaves using a molecularly imprinted polymer for quercetin [J]. Journal of Chromatography A Volume, 2001,934(2):1-11.,
[138] Lawrence O. Arot Manguro. Flavonol and drimane-type sesquiterpene glycosides of Warburgia stuhlmannii leaves[J], Phytochemistry 2003,63:497-502.
[139] Timbola, A. K.; Szpoganicz, B.; Branco, A A new flavonol from leaves of Eugenia jambolana[J]. Fitoterapia Volume, 2002, 73(2): 174-176.
[140] Wang, Huafu; Helliwell, Keith.Determination of flavonols in green and black tea leaves and green tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Food Research International Volume,2001,34(3):223-227.
[142] Tang, Yuping; Lou, Fengchang; Wang.Coumaroyl flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba[J].Phytochemistry Volume, 2001, 58:1251-1256.
[143] 赵勋,王亚群.高效毛细管电泳法分离黄酮类化合物的进展[J].华西医学2002,17(4):577-578.
[144] 汪海峰,曹锡忠,杨慧萍.花生壳甲醇提取物中木犀草素的分离与鉴定研究[J].中国粮油学报,1997,12(3):48-52.
[145] 陈四平,赵桂琴.应用高速逆流色谱分离黄芩茎叶中黄酮类化合物[J].承德医学院学报,2002,19(4):328.
[146] 邹耀洪.箬竹叶中黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱分析[J].分析化学,1996,24(2):216-219.
[147] 北京医学院.中草药成分化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1980:286,314-315.
[148] Validated method for the quantitation of quercetin from human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Journal of Chromatography B[J].Biomedical Sciences and Applications Volume,1999,727(2): 179-189.
[149] Erlund, Iris; Alfthan, Georg; Siren, Heli; Ariniemi, Karl; Aro, Antti Identification of quereetin glucuronides in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications Volume,2001,753(2):237-243.
[150] 谢敏,胡燕,陈维平.高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶及其提取物中黄酮类成分的含量[J].中国药师,1999,2(3):146-147.
[151] 袁铁流.HPLC法测定银杏叶中槲皮素含量的研究[J].湖南中医杂志,2000,16(3):73-78.
[152] 刘文尧,梁爱君,白皓.高效液相色谱法测定鱼腥草中槲皮素的含量[J].解放军药学 报,1999(15):640-641.
[153] 中国国家卫生部标准WS-02(Z-1)-93.
[154] Pietrzak, L. N.; Collins, E W. Comparison of Fluorometric Reagents for Microspectro fluorometric Determination of Flavonoid Glycosides in Wheat Germ[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 1996, 23(1): 85-91.
[155] 徐国兵,汪海孙.薄层扫描法测定益胆片中氯原酸的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(6):411-413.
[156] 宋秀荣,杨更亮,李杰,等.毛细管电泳法测定桑叶中的有效成分[J].中成药,2000,22(2):158.
[157] Chen, Gang; Zhang, Hongwei; Ye, Jiannong, Determination of rutin and quercetin in plants by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 20004,23(1): 69-76.
[158] 姜舜尧,宋景政,周明昊,等.高效毛细管电泳测定夏天中药材中延胡索乙素的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(5):337.
[159] 张新申,刘福华.竹叶中有效成分的分离研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2002,34(6):116-118.
[160] 徐维娅.色谱技术和伏安法在竹叶提取物成分分析中的应用研究[D].浙江:浙江大学硕士论文,2002,5.
[161] Cristea, Daniela; Bareau, Isabelle; Vilarem, Gerard.Identifieation and quantitative HPLC analysis of the main flavonoids present in weld (Reseda luteola L.) [J]. Dyes and Pigments, 2003,57(3): 267-272.
[162] Mullen, William; Hartley, Richard C.; Crozier, Alan.Detection and identification of 14C-labelled flavonol metabolites by high-performanee liquid chromatographyradiocounting and tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A Volume, 2003,1007(2): 21-29.
[163] Novak, Ondrej; Tarkowski, Petr; Tarkowska Danube; Quantitative analysis of cytokinins in plants by liquid chromatography-single-quadrupole mass spectrometry [J].Analytica Chimica Acta Volume, 2003,480(2): 207-218.
[164] Long-Ze Lin, Xian-Guo He, Michael Lindenmaier et al.Liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization mass spectrometrystudy of the flavonoids of the roots of Astragalus mongholicusand A. membranaceus [J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2000,876:87-95.
[165] Stobiecki, Maciej Bibliographic. Application of mass spectrometry for identification and structural studies of flavonoid glycosides [J].Phytochemistry Volume, 2000,54(3):237-256.
[166] 马欣,孙疏庆.高效液相色谱-紫外-电喷雾-质谱法分析银杏叶中黄酮醇类化合物[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2003,20(4):275-279.
[167] 毛燕.苦竹叶水溶性糖提取最佳方案的设计和纯度的鉴定[J].竹子研究汇刊,2002,21(3):46-50.
[168] 严明潮.茶叶多糖的捍取及应用[J].中国食品添加剂,1999,(4):50-51.
[169] 吴可,于宙.金针菇子实体多糖分离最佳工艺研究[J].食品与发酵工业,1998,24(4):5-8.
[170] 王士刚.香菇营养成分的提取及香菇饮料研究[J].食品科学,1994,2(8):17-20.
[171] 刘依,韩鲁佳.微波技术在板蓝根多糖提取中的应用[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(2):27-30.
[172] 陈祥贵,王志民.金针菇多糖的酶法提取及利用[J].四川工业学院学报,1999,18(4):38-42.
[173] Newman, R. K, et al. Barley as a food groin Cereal[J]. Food world,1991,36(9): 806.
[174] Wasserman,B.P.et al,Hull-lessbarley bran:a potential new product from an old grain Cereal[J]. Food World, 1995.40(11):819.
[175] 陈正行.米糠脂多糖提取物中分离蛋白质的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2000,15(5):6-9.
[176] 郑晓冬,周敏,傅承新.薏米多糖提取工艺的优化[J].中国粮油学报,2000,15(5):19-22.
[177] 陈灵罗.利用中空纤维超滤分离和浓缩灵芝多糖[J].上海交通大学学报,1996 30(11):114-117.
[178] 李孝辉,何海玲.活性多糖β-葡聚糖的制各[J].食品科学,1998(5):35-36.
[179] 尹源明,何国庆.大麦中活性多糖提取的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2002,17(1):43-45.
[180] 田庚元,冯宇澄,林颖.植物多糖的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,1995,20(7):441-444.
[181] 王厚廷,乔善义.超滤法提取六昧地黄汤活性多糖的工艺研究[J].解放军药学学报 2001,17(2):69-71.
[182] 乔善义,王乃利.枸杞子活性多糖的研究[J].药学学报,2001,36(3):196-199.
[183] 苏亚玲,程发良.灵芝菌生物活性多糖与总糖的测定[J].食品科学,2001,22(9):62-64.
[184] Michel. D et al, Colorimetrie Method for Determination of Sugar and Related Substance [J].Anal chem., 1956,28:350-357.
[185] 黄民权,黄步汉.铁皮石斛多糖的提取、分离和分析[J].中草药,1994,25(3):128-129.
[186] 林玉满.竹荪多糖的分离和纯化[J].食用菌学报,1995,2(1):17-20.
[187] 吴东儒.糖类的生物化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[188] 刘翠平,方积年.质谱技木在糖类结构分析中的应用[J].分析化学,2001,29(6):716-720.
[189] 张维杰主编,糖类复合物生化研究技术[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,1994:16-17.
[190] 盛家荣,曾令辉.多糖的提取、分离及结构分析[J].广西师院学报(自然科学版),1999,16(4):49-54.
[191] 张惟杰.复合多糖生化研究技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[192] 王顺春,方积年.X-射线纤维衍射在多糖构型分析中应用的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2000,12(2):75-80.
[193] 罗立新.竹叶中叶绿素提取工艺研究[J].日用化学工业,1996(6):50-51.
[194] 刘晓燕,丁杰.竹叶绿色素的提取及稳定性研究[J].化学研究与应用,2000,12(2):201-203.
[195] 高居易,郑怀舟.新法提取竹叶绿色色素及其毒性和稳定性的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(4):58-62.
[196] 薛福连.从竹叶中提取叶绿素新工艺[J].中国资源综合利用,2002(1):33-34.
[197] 王仲礼.从竹叶中提取叶绿素[J].农牧产品开发,1999(2):28-29.
[198] Liu, Liping; Zhang, Shurong; Dai, Daying. Technological study on making sodium copper chlorophyllin from bamboo leaves[J]. Chongqing Daxue Xuebao, ziran kexueban 2000,23(3): 109-111.
[199] 贾之慎,刘志坤,傅一穷.竹类中黄酮类化合物总量的研究(J).竹子研究汇刊,1995,14(2):39-45.
[200] J.M.O. Scurlock,_, D.C. Dayton, B. Hames Bamboo: an overlooked biomass resource[J], B iomass and Bioenergy ,2000,19: 229-244.
[201] 胡春水.竹的药膳史及竹食品开发[J].竹子研究汇刊,1999,18(1):27-31.
[202] Cai,Jinzhi;Lei,Jinming;Lin,Haiying.Extraetion of ehlorophyllin from bamboo leaves[J]. Fuzhou Dxue Xuebao Ziran Kexueban 1992,20(2),109-113(eh) .
[203] 蔺定运.食品色素的识别与运用[M].北京:中国食品出版社,1987.89.
[204] 凌关庭.食品添加剂手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1989:129-145.
[205] 李斯.竹叶提取绿色素[J].农村新技术,1994(2):39.
[206] 杨立荣,胡斌,韩兆荣,等.叶绿素铜钠盐的制备[J].浙江大学学报,1998,32(6):745-752.
[207] 范继善主编.实用食品添加剂[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1993,82-83.
[208] 无锡轻工业学院、天津轻工业学院合编.食品分析[M].北京:轻工出版社,1989.
[209] 张英,丁霄霖.竹叶功能性成分类SOD活性的综合考察[J].中国食品学报,1998,2(2):62-66.
[210] 张英,唐莉莉.毛金竹叶提取物抗衰老作用的实验研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1997,1 6(4):62-67.
[211] Chen, Y. etal., Flavonoids as supemxidescavengem and antioxidants[J]. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 1990(9):19-21.
[212] 张英.竹叶保健功能因子的研究[D].无锡:无锡轻工大学博士学位论文,1995,33-54:122-124.
[213] 张英,陈敬秒,丁霄霖.竹叶黄酮水溶液的稳定性研究[J].浙江农业大学学报,1997,23(S1):29-32.
[214] Foti, M. etal., Flavonoids, coumarins, and cinnamicacids as antioxidants in amicellar system. :structure activityrelationship[J].Agric.FoodChem., 1996(44): 497-501.
[215] Massaeli, H2. Sobrattee, S. and Pierce,G.N.,The importance of lipdsolubility, in antioxidants and free radical generating system for determining lipoprote in peroxidation [J],Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 1999(26):1524-1530.
[216] 张英,吴晓琴,陈秀俊.竹叶黄酮糖苷的水解和抗氧化性能研究—Ⅰ黄酮糖苷水解工艺的响应面法优化[J].中国粮油学报,2001,16(3):34-37.
[217] Scott, R. & Slater, T. F. Free radical scavenging activity of (+)-Catechin and other flavonoids, In. Slater, T. F. & Garner, A., eds. Reeentadvanees in lipid peroxidation and tissue injury. London:Brunel University; 1981:233-244.
[218] Rafat Husain, S.;Cillard, J. and Cillard, P., Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids[J]. Phtochemistry; 1987(26) :2489-2491.
[219] Chen, Y., Zheng, R; Jia, Z. and Ju, Y., Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants, Free Radical Biology & Medicing;1990(9):19-21.
[220] 王茵,来伟旗,梅松,等.竹叶黄酮的毒性研究[J].浙江省医学报,1999(6):25-27.
[221] 李惠珍.天然食品防腐剂——竹叶的研究Ⅰ:抗菌物质的提取、抗菌活性及稳定性[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990,6(2):25-28.
[222] 刘茂辉.苦竹叶保健饮料的研究[J].食品工业科技,1995(2):31-33.
[223] 张英,冯磊,陈霞,等.一种新型的保健啤酒——竹啤[J].竹子研究汇刊,2000,19(1):33-37.
[224] 张英.一种添加竹叶黄酮提取物的保健啤酒[P].中国发明专利ZL98104563.4
[225] 吴建中,许春波,周嵘,等.竹叶保鲜剂的提取及抑菌效果初探[J].食品工业科技,1999,20(2):14-15.
[226] 万素英,李琳,王慧君编.食品防腐与防腐剂[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998.
[227] 陆志科,谢碧霞.植物源天然食品防腐剂的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2003(1):94-96.
[228] 范青生.我国抗菌植物资源研究与开发利用[J].自然资源,1995(6):20.
[229] 吴传茂.草提取液的抑菌作用研究[J].中国商办工业,2000(4):49-50.
[230] 杨荣华,林家莲.香辛料的抗菌性[J].中国调味品,1999(12):2-3.
[231] Shelf, L. A. Naglik, O. A., and Bogen, D. W. Sensitivity of some food-borne bacteria to the spices sage, rosemary, and allspice[J]. Food, Sci 1980, 45:1042.
[232] 董定绵编译.海洋生物的生理活性物质[M].北京:海洋出版社,1984.
[233] Reichelt, J. L. et al. Antmicrobial activity from marine algae:Results of a large-scale screening programme[J]. Hydrobiologia.1984.116-117:158-168.
[234] Kaneda, and s. Abe,Hypocholesterolemic Efect of seaweeds on rats[J]. Hudrobiologio. 1984,116-117:149-152.
[235] 李淑娟.银杏叶的药用价值及开发利用前景[J].生物技术,1995,2:44-45.
[236] Akatsuka. T. Kodamao, Sekido H. et al. Novel phytoalexins isolataled from rice blast rice blast leaves infected with pyrieularia oryzae Agrie Biol[J]. Chem. 1985,49:1689.
[237] Ohtani K, Mavi S, Hostettmann K. Molluscidal and antifungal triterpenoid saponins from Ropanea melanphloeos leaves.phytochem, 1993(33):83.
[238] S. Duh. C. Y, Wamg S K. Cytotoxic flavonoids from the leaves of Melicope trophlia[J]. phytochem,1994,35:271.
[239] 常继东.食用菌中的食品天然防腐剂产生菌筛选初[J].江苏食用菌,1993,5:24.
[240] 李平作,章克昌.灵芝发酵菌丝体中灵芝酸的分离纯化及生物活性检测[J].天然产物研究与开发,1999,11(4):67-80.
[241] 秦红敏,张长铠.浓香乳菇菌丝抗菌活性的研究[J].食品科学,2000,21(4):40-42.
[242] 王维华,王南舟,钟立人.连翘制剂对常见食品腐败菌的抑制作用[J].食品科学,1997(7):46-48.
[243] 周邦靖.常用中药的抗菌作用及其测定方法[M].四川:科学枝术出版社重庆分社,1987.
[244] 林辛录,玉德安.溶菌酶在饮料中的应用[J].食品科学,1994(11):37—40.
[245] 王光华,张燕婉.脱乙酰壳聚糖醋酸混合液对含氧包装鲜猪肉中细菌生长的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,1992(2):1-7.
[246] 张伟.天然防腐剂—水溶性壳聚糖衍生物[J].食品工业科枝,1998(6):36-38.
[247] 姜明.天然生物防腐剂—柞蚕抗菌肽的研究[J].食品科学,1993(2):3-20.
[248] 王南丹,钟立人,贡高雄,等.鱼精蛋白抗菌特性的研究[J].食品科学,2000(4):43-46.
[249] Bellamy W. Antimicribial spectrum of lact0fericinB, a potent bactericidal pepcide derived frome the N-terminal region of bovine lactoferrin[J]. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1992, 121: 235-240.
[250] 谢俊杰.食品防腐新领域—微生物天然防腐剂[J].食品科学,1999(1):13-14.
[251] 王吉彬.食品生物防腐剂—细菌素之介绍[J].食品工业,1996(5):23—30.
[252] J.S.Berwal,et al.Molds as protective cultures for raw dry sausages[J].Journal of food protection,1994,57(10):928-930.
[253] 谢俊杰,钟青萍,余世望,等.红茶菌液抑菌作用的研究[J].食品科技,2000(6):59-60.
[254] V. Kyzlink. Principles of food preservation. Elservier Applied Sciense, 1990:508-512.
[255] 毛宁.红曲霉的有效生理活性物质及其应用[J].中国调味品,1994(4):8-11.
[256] 杜连祥主编.嗜杀酵母在酒类酿造中的应用[M].北京:中国食品出版社,1997:1-3.
[257] 孟昭赫.食品卫生检验方法注解—微生物学部分[M].北京:人民卫生出版杜,1990.11-45
[258] 沈萍,范秀容,李广武.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.25-48.
[259] 郑钧镛,王光宝.药品微生物学及检验技术[M].北京:人民卫生出版杜,1989.43-56.
[260] 贵州农学院主编.生物统计附实验设计[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.21-46.
[261] 张立明,王贤舜编著.现代生物化学分析原理[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1991.32-48.
[262] 刘钟栋.食品添加剂原理及应用技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.34-52.
[263] 中科院上海药物所编.中草药有效成分提取与分离[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1983.14-58.
[264] 阚毓铭主编.中药化学实验操作技术[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1988.12-45.
[265] 北京医学院.中草药成分化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1980.286,314-315.
[266] 庄向平.总黄酮含量的测定[J].中草药,1992:23(3):122-124.
[267] 无锡轻工业学院,天津轻工业学院合编.食品分析[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1989:211.
[268] 潘见,陈强,谢慧明,等.大孔树脂对葛根黄酮的吸附分离特性研究[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(1):236-240.
[269] 麻秀萍,蒋朝晖,杨玉琴,等.大孔树脂对银杏叶黄酮的吸附研究[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(9):539-542.
[270] 章燕豪编著.吸附作用[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1989:189.
[271] 钱庭宝.吸附树脂及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1990:165-175.
[272] 肖崇厚.中药化学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997:265-297.597-601
[273] 李如亮.生物化学实验[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1998.13-38.
[274] 孙文基.天然药物成分提取分离与制备[M].北京:中国医药科学技:术出版社,1994:258.
[275] 张振学,刘坷.黄酮金属络合物作为潜在药物的研制与开发[J].中草药,1996,27(3):180-183.
[276] 张德权.生物类黄酮的研究及应用概况[J].食品与发酵工业,1999(6):52-57.
[277] 刘佳佳.硼酸-柠檬酸比色法测银杏枝叶中黄酮苷含量[J].食品与发酵工业,1999(6):42-44.
[278] 戴伦凯,谢玉如.黄酮类化合物[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.5-48.
[279] 王泽农.茶叶生物化学[M].北京:农业出版社,1984.97.
[280] 王连生.分子连接性与分子结构活性[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992:10-190.
[281] Hansch C. Muir M, Fuijita T, et al., The correlation of biolgical activity of plant growth regulators and chloromycetin derivative with Hamett Constants and partition coefficients. , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963,86: 16-26.
[282] Kamlet M J, Doherty RM, Abbound J, et al., Linear solvation energy relationships zMolecular properties governing solubility of organic nonelectrolytes in water[J]. Pharm. Sci., 1986,75(4)-339.
[283] 王连生,韩朔睽等编著.分子结构、性质与活性[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.8.
[284] Kier LB, HaU LH, Molecular connectivity in chemistry and drug research[M].academic press. New York. 1976.
[285] Kier LB, Hall LH, Molecular connectivity in structure-activity analysis[M].Research Studies Press, England. 1986.
[286] Yalkowsky SH,Sinkala AA,Valvani SC, Physical chemical properties of drugs[M]. Marcel Dekker INC. , New York. ,1980.
[287] Sabljic A, Modeling environmental destribution of organic pollutants in QSARs[M]. Quantitative-activity relationships in drug design, Liss INC. , New York., 1989.
[288] Govers H, Rueperl C, Aiking H, Quanlilative structure-activity relationships for polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons zeorrelation and toxicity in Daphnia pulex[J].Chemo. sphere,1984,13(2): 227-236.
[289] 王连生.关于分子连接性指数与理化参数相关的探讨[M].北京:环境科学丛书,1989,10(3):1-150.
[290] Hall LH, Kier LB, Phipps G, Structure-activity relationship Studies on the toxici-