杨树抗虫基因转化及抗虫性研究
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摘要
为了有效解决杨树虫害问题和完善转抗虫基因植物培育技术体系,通过室内和
    室外饲虫试验,研究了转基因杨树的抗虫性鉴定、抗虫效应及抗性规律;并应用基
    因工程技术进行了青杨再生体系建立和双价抗虫基因的转化。
    (1)转双价抗虫基因741毛白杨无性系对鳞翅目害虫的抗虫性生物测定。通过对
    741毛白杨转基因无性系的抗虫性生物测定,将各无性系划分为高抗、中抗、低抗
    和不抗四个等级,其中筛选出高抗和中抗无性系各3个。同时发现双价抗虫基因的
    表达与气温变化密切相关。随着气温的逐渐下降,昆虫死亡率逐渐下降。试验结果
    表明,各转基因无性系中昆虫的总死亡率、累计死亡率、各龄期死亡率与对照均存
    在着显著差异,可以准确反映抗虫基因对昆虫的毒杀作用并体现出不同抗性无性系
    杀虫特性的不同。试验还着力探讨了外源抗虫基因对测试昆虫的生长、发育的作用。
    试验结果表明,转基因无性系对测试昆虫的生长发育有明显抑制作用。各转基因无
    性系中蜕皮指数明显小于对照,昆虫各发育龄期历期比对照明显延长,各龄期发育
    速率亦远远小于对照,显示出对昆虫发育的明显抑制作用。从昆虫体重增长速率及
    蛹重来看,转基因无性系中昆虫体重增长速率比对照明显减慢,昆虫蛹重亦明显小
    于对照,体现了转基因无性系对昆虫生长明显的抑制作用。同时筛选出了昆虫的蜕
    皮指数、各发育龄期历期及各龄期发育速率、昆虫体重增长速率及蛹重等指标来全
    面而准确地反映转基因无性系对昆虫生长、发育的抑制作用。对各种昆虫的累计死
    亡率及各龄期死亡率分析结果表明,不同昆虫种类和同一昆虫幼虫的不同龄级对转
    基因无性系的敏感性亦有显著差异。4种昆虫的敏感性强弱依次为:美国白蛾>杨
    小舟蛾>杨扇舟蛾>舞毒蛾。随着昆虫幼虫龄级的增加,对转基因无性系的敏感性
    逐渐降低。确定了以网袋为器皿的最佳的田间群体试验方法,使试验在与生态环境
    基本一致的情况下进行,提高了试验结果的准确性。
    (2)转Bt基因和转凝集素基因的741毛白杨无性系对桑天牛抗性的确定。利用
    树上套笼接虫试验方法,测定了741毛白杨18个转基因无性系对桑天牛的抗性,通
    过聚类分析及对各危害指标的观察比较,初步确定了P10、CC11、CC25、CC53等
    4个抗天牛的无性系和1个轻感天牛的无性系P22。
    (3)青杨再生体系的建立及双价抗虫基因的转化。建立了青杨的最佳再生体系,
    即以叶片为外植体,诱导体胚或不定芽再生的培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.3+IBA0.05或
    
    
    MS+6-BA.0+IBAO刀5+NAAO.05,进行芽增殖的培养基为 MS+6.BAO.5+旧AO.25,
    诱导嫩茎生根的培养基为1/2MS+IBAO.3。并初步确定了适于青杨的遗传转化系统,
    巨口:
     fitftff Zd 共培养 3d
    带切口的叶片外植体 一一一一一一卜感染细菌的叶片一二二7和 共培养叶片
     暗培养
     含Km50m。L的 含Km80m。L的 含Km80m少L的
     一一一一一一一一和小定牙 一一一一一一一和孤性牙 一一一一一一一争
     选择培养杜 选择培养基 生根培养基
    完整的转基冈植株
     (4)双价抗虫基冈对青杨和雄性毛白杨的转化试验。通过对青杨和雄性毛白杨进
    行状价抗虫基冈的转化试验,经含 Km 40ngiL的生根培养基的筛选,获得了青杨抗
    性植株旧株,雄性毛白杨抗性植株门株。这是初步确定的转基因植株。
To solve the problems of poplar pestis efficiently and perfect the education
     system of transformed plants with insect-resistant gene, studies were conducted on the
     insect-resistance, resistant effect and resistant regularity of the transformed plants of
     poplar by testing 5 species of insect indoors and outdoors. Experiments, at the same time,
     were done on Populus cathayana to set up its regenerative system and transform it with
     divalent insect-resistant genes using genetic engineering technology.
    
     (1) Test on insect-resistance of Lepfdopteran of transgenic clones ( hybrid poplar 741)
     transformed with the divalent insect-resistant genes According to the testing on their
     insect-resistance, the transformed clones of hybird poplar 741 were compartmentalized to
     4 grades: high insect-resistance, middling insect-resistance, low insect-resistance and no
     insect-resistance of which 3 high inscet-resistance clones and 3 middling insect-resistance
     clones were suggested. At the same time, it was found that the insect-resistance of the
     transformed plants was intimatly correlated with the variation of the temperature which
     was embodied by the dropping of the insect mortality with the temperature dropping. It
     was indicated by the results of the experiment that the insect total mortality, cumulative
     mortality, mortality of every stadium of the transformed clones which were significantly
     different form the control plants could image the poison of the insect-resistant gene on the
     insects and embody the different pesticidal activity of different clones. In addition,
     experiments were done on the insects to approach the effect of the insect-resistant gene on
     the insect growth and development. The results indicated that the transformed clones
     inhibited the insects growth and development significantly. The ecdysis exponentials of
     transformed clones were obviously less than CK. The auxetic duration was obviously
     delayed and the rate of every stadium was obviously less than CK which embodied the
     inhibit effect on the insects?development. Form the growth rate of larva weight and the
     pupa weight, it could be seen that the growth rate of larva weight who fetched the
     transformed clones was slower than CK and the pupa weight was also lighter than CK
     which embodied the inhibit effect of the transformed clones on the insects. The ecdysis
    
    
     exponential, the auxetic duration and the rate of every stadium and the growth rate of
     insect and the pupa weight, at the same time, were selected which could image the inhibit
     effect of the transformed clones on the insects growth and development accurately and
     all-sidedly. By analysising the insects cumulative mortality and mortality of every
     stadium, it was found that there were obviously differences in the sensitivity of different
     species of insect and different stadium of the same insects larvas. The sequence of the 4
     insects sensitivity was Hyphanfria cunea (Drury) Micromelaopha troglodyta (Graeser
     Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius)> Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus). The higher the stadium of
     the insect larva, the lower the sensitivity on the transformed clones. A good method of
     field colonial test using web sack was selected that can raise the accuracy of testing
     results because of it being with the similar surrounding as ecotop. A convenient and
     available test method, used aqua cultural wattles indoors was provideded for Hyphantria
     cunea (Drury).
    
     (2) Field test on the resistance of transgenic clones ( hybrid poplar 741 ) transformed with
     Bt-toxin gene and Lectin gene on Apriona german (Hope) By using the method of
     inoculating insects i
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