中国西部地区静校正方法对比研究
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摘要
复杂地表静校正技术是陆上地震勘探中的一项难题,也是制约西部油气勘探的瓶颈。西部的地表条件极为复杂,表层岩性变化非常剧烈。因此,研究该地区的静校正方法,可大大提高地震勘探的精度和钻井成功率,对于降低勘探风险,节约勘探成本有着重要的意义。
本文讨论了现有的各种的静校正处理方法并予以分类、西部地区表层结构特征、适用的各种表层结构调查方法。本文主要以西部地区柴达木盆地为例,根据其地形、地貌特征,将该地区分为四个典型目标区。在这些目标区中分别选 2-3个有代表性的典型测线,建立合理的地表地质结构模型与速度模型,研究不同类型的地表、近地表条件及其相应的静校正方法,得到适合柴达木盆地特殊地震地质条件的有效的静校正方法和技术。
该文主要有以下创新之处:
(1)进行了西部地区近地表和近地表结构的划分、以及目前各种静校正方法的特点和适用范围;针对不同的地表及近地表结构,应采用不同的静校正方法。
(2)研究开发了一套新的静校正软件——综合折射静校正,实际应用效果较好。
(3)对西部的柴达木盆地内几个典型区域的表层结构进行了综合研究,并建造了表层结构模型,在多个典型地区进行初至折射静校正、层析静校正、模型约束静校正方法试验和研究,总结了不同地区静校正方法的适宜性;
该方法的研究,可更好地为地震采集、处理服务,为地震资料解释提供高水平的地震剖面,提高西部地区地震勘探水平,为西部地区新的勘探突破提供了必要的技术准备。
Static correction technology of the complex surface is notonly one of the difficulties of seismic survey in land but alsothe criticality in restricting the oil-gas survey in the west.The complicated surface conditions and the violent changes ofthe lithologic characters make it impossible that the study ofthe static correction method in this area can highly improvethe accuracy of seismic survey and the success rate of drillingwhich play an important significance in decreasing survey riskand cost saving.
In this paper we discuss various methods of how to deal withthe static correction. On the basic of introduction the surfacestructure of western areas we propose the survey methodsadapted all kinds of surface structures. Chaidamu Basin can bedivided into four typical target areas according to its landfeature. In these target areas we elect two or threerepresentative chains to establish the proper structure andspeed model of the geology surface, study the different surfaceand it's surroundings' conditions as well as the method of staticcorrection in the purpose of getting the effective staticcorrection method and technology suited for the special seismic
conditions of the Chadamu Basin.The innovations in the thesis are as follows:1、We finished the demarcations of the near surface and the geotextures in Westregions, the distinguishing features of the various static correction methods and theirsphere of application. By more, we need apply the homologous method according tothe different surface and geotextures.2、We research and develop a kind of software of the static correction methodwith the high accuracy in deflection, which get high evaluation in the practicalapplication.3、We did a comprehensive research of the surface level structure in severalcanonic zone in the Chaidamu Basin. Meanwhile, we built the surface level structuremodel, made several tests with different methods in static correction, sum thecongeniality of the static correction according to the different areas.With the research, we can get the better results in theaspects of acquirement and processing, which makes us get thehigher seismic profiles to interpret the seismic data. By more,the technique gives a way to promote the seismic explorationand make a new survey-breakthrough in the Western region.
本文讨论了现有的各种的静校正处理方法并予以分类、西部地区表层结构特征、适用的各种表层结构调查方法。本文主要以西部地区柴达木盆地为例,根据其地形、地貌特征,将该地区分为四个典型目标区。在这些目标区中分别选 2-3个有代表性的典型测线,建立合理的地表地质结构模型与速度模型,研究不同类型的地表、近地表条件及其相应的静校正方法,得到适合柴达木盆地特殊地震地质条件的有效的静校正方法和技术。
该文主要有以下创新之处:
(1)进行了西部地区近地表和近地表结构的划分、以及目前各种静校正方法的特点和适用范围;针对不同的地表及近地表结构,应采用不同的静校正方法。
(2)研究开发了一套新的静校正软件——综合折射静校正,实际应用效果较好。
(3)对西部的柴达木盆地内几个典型区域的表层结构进行了综合研究,并建造了表层结构模型,在多个典型地区进行初至折射静校正、层析静校正、模型约束静校正方法试验和研究,总结了不同地区静校正方法的适宜性;
该方法的研究,可更好地为地震采集、处理服务,为地震资料解释提供高水平的地震剖面,提高西部地区地震勘探水平,为西部地区新的勘探突破提供了必要的技术准备。
Static correction technology of the complex surface is notonly one of the difficulties of seismic survey in land but alsothe criticality in restricting the oil-gas survey in the west.The complicated surface conditions and the violent changes ofthe lithologic characters make it impossible that the study ofthe static correction method in this area can highly improvethe accuracy of seismic survey and the success rate of drillingwhich play an important significance in decreasing survey riskand cost saving.
In this paper we discuss various methods of how to deal withthe static correction. On the basic of introduction the surfacestructure of western areas we propose the survey methodsadapted all kinds of surface structures. Chaidamu Basin can bedivided into four typical target areas according to its landfeature. In these target areas we elect two or threerepresentative chains to establish the proper structure andspeed model of the geology surface, study the different surfaceand it's surroundings' conditions as well as the method of staticcorrection in the purpose of getting the effective staticcorrection method and technology suited for the special seismic
conditions of the Chadamu Basin.The innovations in the thesis are as follows:1、We finished the demarcations of the near surface and the geotextures in Westregions, the distinguishing features of the various static correction methods and theirsphere of application. By more, we need apply the homologous method according tothe different surface and geotextures.2、We research and develop a kind of software of the static correction methodwith the high accuracy in deflection, which get high evaluation in the practicalapplication.3、We did a comprehensive research of the surface level structure in severalcanonic zone in the Chaidamu Basin. Meanwhile, we built the surface level structuremodel, made several tests with different methods in static correction, sum thecongeniality of the static correction according to the different areas.With the research, we can get the better results in theaspects of acquirement and processing, which makes us get thehigher seismic profiles to interpret the seismic data. By more,the technique gives a way to promote the seismic explorationand make a new survey-breakthrough in the Western region.
引文
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[6] 陈广思.相对折射静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(4)
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[10] 尹成等.一种改进的遗传算法及其在剩余静校正中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(4).
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[2] 熊翥著.复杂地区地震数据处理思路.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[3] 李庆忠著.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
[4] 寻浩,李志明 . 非线性反演方法在剩余静校正中的应用. 石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(4)
[5] 李明等.三维地震勘探低速带静校正系统的研制.石油物探,1994,33(3)
[6] 陈广思.相对折射静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(4)
[7] 李明亮等.“EGRM 折射静校正方法及处理效果分析”.物探科技通报,第 2 期,1987 年
[8] 熊翥著.中国西部地区物探工作的思考.石油地球物理勘探,2000,(2)
[9] 林依华等.一种新的求解静校正的全局快速寻优法.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(l)
[10] 尹成等.一种改进的遗传算法及其在剩余静校正中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(4).
[11] 国九英等.“二阶差分最大叠加能量法静校正”.物探科技通报,第 1 期,1992 年
[12] 徐子伯等.“自动剩余静校正”.物探科技通报,增刊,1987 年
[13] 王彦春等.交互迭代静校正方法.石油物探,1998,37(2)
[14] 俞寿朋:《高分辨率地震勘探》, 石油工业出版社,1993
[15] 李庆忠:《走向精确勘探的道路》,石油工业出版社,1993
[16] 赵 波:地震信号的重建与增强,成都理工学院博士学位论文,1999
[17] 董连科:分形理论及其应用,辽宁科学技术出版社,1991
[18] 钱忠平,蔡希玲,赵波:自动识别和压制地震资料中高频噪声的方法,《石油地球物理勘探》1997,3
[19] 陆基孟:《地震勘探原理》,石油工业出版社,1982
[20] 李后强 汪富泉,分形理论及其在分子科学中的应用,科学出版社,1993
[21] 徐忠范、周忠强、赵波:τ-p 变换压制干扰及道内插技术,《石油地球物理勘探》, 1985,1
[22] 牛滨华,沈操,黄新武,孙春岩,罗小明,波动方程压制多次波的技术方法,地学前缘,2002,Vol.9 No.2,511─517.
[23] 牛滨华, 沈操, 黄新武. 波动方程多次波压制技术的进展. 地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):480-485.
[24] 魏凤英,塔里木盆地巴楚─东农地区多次波的识别和压制,新疆石油地质,2001 Vol.22No.4,300─303
[25] 俞寿朋. 多次波问题的研究方向. 美国勘探地球物理学家学会 (Society ofExploration Geophysicists) 编: SEG第68届年会论文概要. 北京:石油工业出版社,1999:212-223.
[26] 孟尔盛,重温折射法谈论静校正,内部材料,2001 年 2 月
[27] 周彬忠、包吉山,山区静校正问题分析,《石油地球物理勘探》,20(6)1985
[28] Vasudevan K,Wilsen W.G,and Laidlow W.G. Simulated annealing Computation usingan order-based energy funciton.Geophysics,1991,56(11):1831～1839
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