高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移研究
|
摘要
高技术企业已成为促进社会经济发展的主导产业,高技术企业技术创新对知识的需求导致创新网络的产生。创新网络中企业的合作与资源共享必然伴随着知识转移,能否快速有效的转移知识是高技术企业技术创新网络发展战略决策的关键内容。因此,研究高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移这一问题具有重要的理论与实践意义。
创新网络中知识转移影响因素众多,要素间关系复杂,如何找出高技术企业技术创新网络中影响知识转移各因素的关系,因素间的作用机制及其对高技术企业技术创新网络经济发展的贡献情况,如何选择知识转移合作伙伴,以及如何确定知识转移最优时间是研究高技术企业技术创新网络急需解决的问题。已有研究主要集中在影响因素的定性研究方面,定量方面的方面的研究主要集中在计量经济模型、博弈模型或使用DEA或基于问题的SEM等的管理实证模型,这些方法对高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移各因素间的作用机制的确定、合作伙伴的选择以及知识转移时间优化问题方面的可操作性不强。本文拟用系统动力学方法分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移各因素间的作用机制,用多目标模糊优选理论方法选择最佳知识转移合作伙伴,用期望利润最大法求解知识转移最优时间,从而给出知识转移的相关量化指标体系,并建立模型,为高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移问题提供操作性较强的量化研究,并给出相关的政策建议。主要内容包括:
首先,分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的特性。高技术企业技术创新网络具有系统性和非线性特性,知识对创新网络中企业的成长、企业竞争力的提升和创新网络经济发展有重要影响。在对高技术企业技术创新网络中知识分类的基础上,分析了知识转移的影响因素、一般过程及基本模式。通过分析得出,知识转移的最终目标之一是知识的标准化、制度化以及创新网络整体创新能力的提升。在此基础上,提出了在高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的主要实现途径为协作研发与技术标准合作。
其次,利用系统动力学方法构建高技术企业技术创新网络知识转移的系统动力学模型。在分析知识转移对创新网络经济增长影响的基础上,将高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移活动看成一个系统,用系统动力学方法分析高技术企业技术创新网络中各主体间的因果关系,构建高技术企业技术创新网络知识转移的系统动力学模型,模拟知识转移对高技术企业技术创新网络经济的贡献。通过调整有关敏感性参数,对在不同情况下知识转移对高技术企业技术创新网络经济贡献大小进行预测分析,从而找出影响高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的各因素的关系,因素间的作用机制及其对高技术企业技术创新网络经济发展的贡献情况。
第三,运用多目标模糊综合评价方法构建高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移主体合作优选模型。根据高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移主体的地位及职能,对知识转移主体合作选择的影响因素进行分析,建立知识转移合作主体的评价指标体系,并利用多目标优化决策理论构造定量决策分析模型,从而为选择知识转移主体提供决策支持。
第四,以期望利润最大化为目标,建立高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移时间最优化模型。在分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移时间风险及影响因素的基础上,考虑高技术企业创新网络中影响知识转移的知识吸收能力、网络知识更新率、折现率、转移时间、市场占有率及产品生命周期等因素,建立期望利润随知识转移时间变化的模型;通过对模型的参数进行设置,可求出知识转移的最优时间。
最后,利用上述知识转移影响因素作用机制分析、知识转移主体合作策略以及知识转移时间优选方法的研究成果,提出了促进高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移应当采取的对策,并给出了相关的政策建议。
High-tech enterprises have become the dominant industry that can promote the development of socio-economy. The demand for knowledge of high-tech enterprises’technological innovation has led to the emergence of innovation network. The cooperation between enterprises and resource sharing in innovation network is bound to be accompanied by knowledge transfer. Transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently are the key strategic elements in the development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Therefore, the study of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network has important theoretical and practical significance.
There are many factors that influence the activities of knowledge transfer in innovation network, and the relationship between these factors is very complex. How to find out the relationship and the mechanism between factors that influence knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and the contribution to economic development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, how to choose partners, and how to determine the optimal time of knowledge transfer are the urgent issues to be considered when studying high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Researches have mainly focused on the qualitative study of influencing factors, and quantitative study mainly focused on empirical models such as econometric model, game model, DEA or SEM, which is not operational to determine the mechanism between factors, choose partners and find out the optimal time of knowledge transfer. This paper proposes use the method of system dynamics to analyze the mechanism between factors of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, use the method of multi-objective fuzzy optimization to choose the best partner, and use time optimization model to find out the optimal time of knowledge transfer. The paper also presents the relevant quantitative indicators of knowledge transfer, and establishes models, which could provide more operational quantitative research of the activities of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and gives some policy recommendations. The main contents of the paper include:
Firstly, we analyze the characteristics of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. High-tech enterprises technological innovation network has systemic and non-linear characteristics. Knowledge has great impact on the growth of enterprises, the enhancement of enterprises’competitiveness and the economic development of innovation network. Based on the classification of knowledge in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, we analyze influencing factors, the general process and the basic pattern. Through analysis, we conclude that one of the ultimate goals of knowledge transfer is the standardization and institutionalization of knowledge, and the enhancement of innovation capability of the whole innovation networks. We propose that the main channels of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network be R&D cooperation and technical standard cooperation.
Secondly, we use the method of system dynamics to build the system dynamics model of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Based on the analysis of the influence of knowledge transfer on economic growth of innovation networks, we take the activity of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network as a system, use the method of system dynamics to analyze the causal relationship between organizations, construct system dynamics model, and simulate the contribution of knowledge transfer to the economy of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. By adjusting the sensitive parameters, we can predict the economic contribution of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network under different circumstances. So we identify the relationship and the mechanism between factors that influence knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and the contribution to economic development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network
Thirdly, we use multi-objective fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build organizations’cooperation optimization model of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. According to the position in innovation network and the functions of organizations, we analyze the factors that influence partners’choice, establish the evaluation index system of knowledge transfer, construct quantitative decision-making model by using multi-objective optimization decision-making theory and thus give decision-making support for partners’selection of knowledge transfer.
Fourthly, we establish a time optimization model of knowledge transfer, hoping that the expectations of profit are maximized. Based on the analysis of time risk and influencing factors in high-tech enterprises innovation networks, a model of expectations of profit is presented, which can determine the optimal time of knowledge transfer. Important factors, such as knowledge absorption capacity, update rate of knowledge in network, discount rate, the time of knowledge transfer, market share, product life cycle, etc. are taken into account in the model. By setting the parameters of the model, we can obtain the optimal time for knowledge transfer.
Lastly, based on the above research results and analysis of influencing factors of knowledge transfer and the mechanism between factors, the cooperation strategy for knowledge transfer and the method of optimal time for knowledge transfer, we take some countermeasures to promote knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation networks, and give some policy recommendations.
创新网络中知识转移影响因素众多,要素间关系复杂,如何找出高技术企业技术创新网络中影响知识转移各因素的关系,因素间的作用机制及其对高技术企业技术创新网络经济发展的贡献情况,如何选择知识转移合作伙伴,以及如何确定知识转移最优时间是研究高技术企业技术创新网络急需解决的问题。已有研究主要集中在影响因素的定性研究方面,定量方面的方面的研究主要集中在计量经济模型、博弈模型或使用DEA或基于问题的SEM等的管理实证模型,这些方法对高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移各因素间的作用机制的确定、合作伙伴的选择以及知识转移时间优化问题方面的可操作性不强。本文拟用系统动力学方法分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移各因素间的作用机制,用多目标模糊优选理论方法选择最佳知识转移合作伙伴,用期望利润最大法求解知识转移最优时间,从而给出知识转移的相关量化指标体系,并建立模型,为高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移问题提供操作性较强的量化研究,并给出相关的政策建议。主要内容包括:
首先,分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的特性。高技术企业技术创新网络具有系统性和非线性特性,知识对创新网络中企业的成长、企业竞争力的提升和创新网络经济发展有重要影响。在对高技术企业技术创新网络中知识分类的基础上,分析了知识转移的影响因素、一般过程及基本模式。通过分析得出,知识转移的最终目标之一是知识的标准化、制度化以及创新网络整体创新能力的提升。在此基础上,提出了在高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的主要实现途径为协作研发与技术标准合作。
其次,利用系统动力学方法构建高技术企业技术创新网络知识转移的系统动力学模型。在分析知识转移对创新网络经济增长影响的基础上,将高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移活动看成一个系统,用系统动力学方法分析高技术企业技术创新网络中各主体间的因果关系,构建高技术企业技术创新网络知识转移的系统动力学模型,模拟知识转移对高技术企业技术创新网络经济的贡献。通过调整有关敏感性参数,对在不同情况下知识转移对高技术企业技术创新网络经济贡献大小进行预测分析,从而找出影响高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的各因素的关系,因素间的作用机制及其对高技术企业技术创新网络经济发展的贡献情况。
第三,运用多目标模糊综合评价方法构建高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移主体合作优选模型。根据高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移主体的地位及职能,对知识转移主体合作选择的影响因素进行分析,建立知识转移合作主体的评价指标体系,并利用多目标优化决策理论构造定量决策分析模型,从而为选择知识转移主体提供决策支持。
第四,以期望利润最大化为目标,建立高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移时间最优化模型。在分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移时间风险及影响因素的基础上,考虑高技术企业创新网络中影响知识转移的知识吸收能力、网络知识更新率、折现率、转移时间、市场占有率及产品生命周期等因素,建立期望利润随知识转移时间变化的模型;通过对模型的参数进行设置,可求出知识转移的最优时间。
最后,利用上述知识转移影响因素作用机制分析、知识转移主体合作策略以及知识转移时间优选方法的研究成果,提出了促进高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移应当采取的对策,并给出了相关的政策建议。
High-tech enterprises have become the dominant industry that can promote the development of socio-economy. The demand for knowledge of high-tech enterprises’technological innovation has led to the emergence of innovation network. The cooperation between enterprises and resource sharing in innovation network is bound to be accompanied by knowledge transfer. Transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently are the key strategic elements in the development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Therefore, the study of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network has important theoretical and practical significance.
There are many factors that influence the activities of knowledge transfer in innovation network, and the relationship between these factors is very complex. How to find out the relationship and the mechanism between factors that influence knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and the contribution to economic development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, how to choose partners, and how to determine the optimal time of knowledge transfer are the urgent issues to be considered when studying high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Researches have mainly focused on the qualitative study of influencing factors, and quantitative study mainly focused on empirical models such as econometric model, game model, DEA or SEM, which is not operational to determine the mechanism between factors, choose partners and find out the optimal time of knowledge transfer. This paper proposes use the method of system dynamics to analyze the mechanism between factors of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, use the method of multi-objective fuzzy optimization to choose the best partner, and use time optimization model to find out the optimal time of knowledge transfer. The paper also presents the relevant quantitative indicators of knowledge transfer, and establishes models, which could provide more operational quantitative research of the activities of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and gives some policy recommendations. The main contents of the paper include:
Firstly, we analyze the characteristics of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. High-tech enterprises technological innovation network has systemic and non-linear characteristics. Knowledge has great impact on the growth of enterprises, the enhancement of enterprises’competitiveness and the economic development of innovation network. Based on the classification of knowledge in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, we analyze influencing factors, the general process and the basic pattern. Through analysis, we conclude that one of the ultimate goals of knowledge transfer is the standardization and institutionalization of knowledge, and the enhancement of innovation capability of the whole innovation networks. We propose that the main channels of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network be R&D cooperation and technical standard cooperation.
Secondly, we use the method of system dynamics to build the system dynamics model of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Based on the analysis of the influence of knowledge transfer on economic growth of innovation networks, we take the activity of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network as a system, use the method of system dynamics to analyze the causal relationship between organizations, construct system dynamics model, and simulate the contribution of knowledge transfer to the economy of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. By adjusting the sensitive parameters, we can predict the economic contribution of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network under different circumstances. So we identify the relationship and the mechanism between factors that influence knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and the contribution to economic development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network
Thirdly, we use multi-objective fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build organizations’cooperation optimization model of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. According to the position in innovation network and the functions of organizations, we analyze the factors that influence partners’choice, establish the evaluation index system of knowledge transfer, construct quantitative decision-making model by using multi-objective optimization decision-making theory and thus give decision-making support for partners’selection of knowledge transfer.
Fourthly, we establish a time optimization model of knowledge transfer, hoping that the expectations of profit are maximized. Based on the analysis of time risk and influencing factors in high-tech enterprises innovation networks, a model of expectations of profit is presented, which can determine the optimal time of knowledge transfer. Important factors, such as knowledge absorption capacity, update rate of knowledge in network, discount rate, the time of knowledge transfer, market share, product life cycle, etc. are taken into account in the model. By setting the parameters of the model, we can obtain the optimal time for knowledge transfer.
Lastly, based on the above research results and analysis of influencing factors of knowledge transfer and the mechanism between factors, the cooperation strategy for knowledge transfer and the method of optimal time for knowledge transfer, we take some countermeasures to promote knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation networks, and give some policy recommendations.
引文
[1]胡学刚.高技术企业的界定.安徽农业大学学报(社科版), 2000, 9(4): 27-29
[2]雷家骕,冯婉玲.高新技术创业管理.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002,4-5
[3] Cooke P. Strategies for regional innovation systems: learning transfer and applications. Policy Papers, United Nations Industrial Development Organixation. Vienna, 2003,1-38
[4] Teece D J. Technology transfer by multinational firms; the resource cost of transferring technological know-how. Econometric Journal, 1977, 87(346): 242-261
[5] Davenport T H, Prusak L. Working knowledge: how organization manage what they know. Boston: Harvard Business Sehool Press, 1998, 84-106
[6] Szulazki, G. Exploring internal stickiness: impediment to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(Winter Special Issue): 27-43
[7]张莉,齐中英,田也壮.知识转移的影响因素及转移过程研究.情报科学, 2007, 23 (11): 6-12
[8]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京:商务印书馆, 1990, 73-74
[9] Schumpeter J. The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Flarvard University Press, 1934, 51-66
[10] Rothwell R. Towards the fifth-generation innovation proeess. International Marketing Review, 1994, 11(1):7-31
[11] Powell W W. Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutieal industries. California Management Review 1998, 40(3): 228-240
[12]彭纪生,刘伯军.技术创新理论探源及本质界定.科技进步与对策, 2002, 19(12):101-107
[13] Pyka A. Innovation networks in economics: from the incentive-based to the knowledge-based approach. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2002, 5 (3):152-172
[14]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年). http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1026/4088001.html , 2006-02-09
[15]张华胜,薛澜.技术创新管理新范式:集成创新.中国软科学,2002,(12) :6-22
[16] Powell, W.W. Neither market nor hierarchy: network forms of organization.Research in Organization Behavior, 1990, (12):295-336
[17] Larsson K. Ecological and quantitative genetic processes in a population of the barnacle goose (branta leucopsis): [Ph.D. thesis].Sweden:Uppsala University, 1992,41-60
[18]曾德明,秦吉波,周青,陈立勇.高新技术企业R&D管理.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006,162-192
[19] Nelson R R, Winter S G.. An evolutionary thoery of economic change cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press中译本:经济变迁的演化理论.北京:商务印书馆,1997,44-58
[20] Alavi M, Leidner D E. Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 2001,25 (1): 107-132
[21]孟丁磊,王宇.国内知识管理理论的发展.现代情报,2007,(8):16-21
[22] Kenneth E B. Knowledge : its creation, distribution, and economic significance, Economics of Education Review,1984,3(2):159-160
[23] Hackbarth G. The impact of organizationtal memory on IT systems in proceedings of the fourth america’s conference on information systems, Hoadley, E. and Benbasat , I (eds. ) , Baltimore, MD , 1998, 591-593
[24]刘冀生,吴金希.论基于知识的企业核心竞争力与企业知识链管理.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2002, 17(1):71-75
[25] Skyrme D J. Developing a knowledge strategy. London (UK): The MIT Press , 2000,1-20
[26] Sveiby K E. The new organizational wealth: managing and measuring knowledge-based assets. San Francisco: Berrett - Koehler , 1997, 26-27
[27]安佰生,宋涛.国家标准化战略的经济学分析:[中国人民大学博士学位论文],北京, 2002, 5-7
[28]叶柏林.标准化经济效果基础.北京:中国标准出版社, 1984, 81-85
[29] Hawkins R, Skea J. Standards, innovation and competitiveness: the politics and economics of standards in natural and technical environmen, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK. Brookfield, US.1995, 2-4
[30] David P A, Greenstein S, The economics of compatibility standards: an introduction to recent research. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Volume 1, Issue 1 & 2, 1990, 3-41
[31] Cristiano A. Localized technological change and the evolution of standards as economic institutions, Information Economics and policy, 1994,6(3-4):195-216
[32] Katz M L, Shapiro C. Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility. TheAmerican Economic Review, June 1985, 75,(3):424-440
[33] Knut B. The economics of standards: theory, evidence, policy. UK:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004,300-384
[34]泰勒尔著,张维迎等译.产业组织理论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998,538-539
[35] Katz M L, Shapiro C. Systems competition and network efects. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1994,8( 2):93-115
[36] Economides N. The economics of networks. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1996,14 (2):675-699
[37] Shapiro C,Varian H.信息规则.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000,161-162
[38]任红波,李鑫.网络产业竞争特性分析.中国软科学, 2001,(12):37-39
[39]王其藩.系统动力学.北京:清华大学出版社, 1998,1-4
[40] Forrester J W. Industrial dynamics. NewYork: M.I.T. Press, 1961,8-10
[41]刘秀新,舒华英.自主技术标准化对中国通信设备制造业经济增长贡献的研究: [北京邮电大学博士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学, 2006,107-117
[42] Freeman C.Networks of innovation: a synthesis of research issues. Research Policy, 1991, 20(5):499-514
[43] Imai K, Baba Y. Systemic innovation and cross-border networks: transcending markets and hierarchies to create a new techno-economic system. Paris: OECD,1991: 389-407
[44] Hakansson H. Industrial technological development: a network approach. London: Croom Helm, 1987, 21-25
[45]王大洲.企业创新网络的进化与治理:一个文献综述.科研管理,2001,22(5): 76-103
[46]陈新跃,杨德礼,董一哲.企业创新网络模式选择研究.科学管理研究,2002,20(6):13-16
[47]刘卫民,陈继祥.创新网络、复杂性技术及其激励性政策研究.中国科技论坛,2004,(5):56-59
[48] Estades J, Ramani S. V.Technological competence and influence of networks: a comparative analysis of new biotechnological firms in france and britain.Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1998, 10(4): 483-495
[49] Michael Y, Yoshino U, Srinivasa Rangan. Strategic alliances: an entrepreneurial approach to globalization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1995, 125-128
[50]吴永忠.企业创新网络的形成及其演化.自然辩证法研究,2005, 21(9):69-72
[51]霍云福,陈新跃,杨德礼,董一哲.企业创新网络研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2002(10):50-53
[52]欧志明,张建华.企业网络组织演进及其类型研究.决策借鉴, 2002,15(1):2-6
[53]吴贵生,李纪珍.技术创新网络和技术外包.科研管理, 2000,21(4): 33-43
[54] Tracey P, Clark G. Perspective-alliances, networks and competitive strategy: rethinking cluster of innovation.Growth and Change, 34 (1):1-16
[55]江小娟.理解科技全球化.管理世界, 2004, (6):4-13,155
[56] Vemon R., International investment and international trade in the product cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1966,80(2):190-207
[57] Caves R, Multinational enterprise and economic analysis (First and Second.). Oxford : Cambridge University press, 1982,1996,3-5
[58] Morrison B. Conrigurations of strategy and structure in subsidiaries of multinational corportions. Journal of international business studies,1995, 26(1):729-753
[59] Ghoshal S, Korine H, Szulanski G. Interunit communication in multinational corporations, Management Science, 1994,40(1):96-110
[60] Teece D J .Stragies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structure and industrial context. Long Rang Planning, 2000,33:35-54
[61] Dixon N M. Common knowledge: how companies thrive by sharing what they know. Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 2000,85-87
[62] Szulanski G. The process of knowledge transfer: a diachronic analysis of stickiness, Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 2000, 82(1): 9-27
[63] Kane A A, et al. Knowledge transfer between groups via personnel rotation: effects of social identity and knowledge quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2005, (96) : 56-71
[64] Lahti R K, Beyerlein M M. Knowledge transfer and management consulting: a look at the firm. Business Horizon, 2000, 43 (1) : 5-74
[65] Li L. The effects of trust and shared vision on inward knowledge transfer in subsidiaries’intra- and inter-organizational relationships. International Business Review, 2005, (14) : 77-95
[66] Tang F C, et al. Estimating the effect of organizational structure on knowledge transfer: a neural network approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 2006 (30) : 796-800
[67] Davenport T H, Prusak L. Working knowledge: how organizations manage what the known. Boston: Harvard business school press, 1998,33-58
[68] Louis M, Sutton R. Switching cognitive gears: from habits of mind to active thinking. Human Relations,1991,44(1):55-76
[69] Gersick C, Hackman J. Habitual routines in rask-performing groups, Californiamanagement review, 1990,32(4):56-70
[70] Szulanski G. Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm, Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(summer special issue): 27-43.
[71] Rubenstein A H. Managing technology in the decentralizaed firm. New York: Wiley,1989,33-45
[72]伍晓玲,周明.组织内部的知识转移及其困难研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2004 (2) : 68-71
[73]王君,樊治平.一种基于Multiagent的知识转移模型框架.东北大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 24 (2) : 94-97
[74]易法敏.核心能力导向的企业知识转移与创新研究.北京:中国经济出版社, 2006,134
[75]胡汉辉,潘安成.组织知识转移与学习能力的系统研究.管理科学学报, 2006, 9 (3) : 81-87
[76] Simonin B L. Ambiguity and the transfer of knowledge in strategic alliances.Strategic Management Journal, 1999, 20:595-623
[77] Hamel G. Competition for competence and inter-partner learning within international strategic alliance. Strategic Management Journal, 1991, 12: 83-103
[78] Choi D. et al. Latecomer strategies: evidence from the semicondutor industry in Japan and Korea. Organization Science, 1998, 9: 489-505
[79] Baughn C C, Denekamp J G, Stevens J H, Osborn R N. Protecting intellectual capital in international alliances. Journal of World Business, 1997, 32(2): 103-117
[80] Contractor N S, Monge P R. Managing knowledge networks. Management Communication Quarterly, 2002,16(2): 249-258
[81] Simonin B L et.al. An enpirical investigation of the process of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances. Journal of International Business Studies, 2004, 35(5):407-427
[82]张睿,于渤.技术联盟知识转移影响因素实证研究.科学学研究, 2008, 26(5) :1024-1030,937
[83]李琳,方先知.产学研知识联盟与社会资本.科技进步与对策, 2005 (8): 5-8.
[84]吴翠花,王三义,刘新梅,万威武.联盟网络社会资本对知识转移影响路径研究.科学学研究, 2008, 26(5):1031-1036
[85] Inkpen A C. Learning and knowledge acquisition through international strategic alliances. Academy of Management Executive, 1998, 12(4):69-80
[86]骆品亮,周勇,郭晖.虚拟研发组织的知识转移机制研究:一个文献综述.研究与发展管理, 2004, 16 (5) :18-25.
[87]林莉.知识联盟中知识转移的张安因素及应对策略分析.科技导报, 2004 (4): 29-32
[88]朱伟民.高新技术产业集群中的知识转移.郑州轻工业学院学报:社会科学版, 2005, 6 (4) : 38-41
[89]徐占忱,何明升.知识转移障碍纾解与集群企业学习能力构成研究.情报科学, 2005, 23 (5) : 659-663
[90]冯锋,王凯.产业集群内知识转移的小世界网络模型分析.科学学与科学技术管理, 2007, 28(7): 88-91
[91]吴洁,刘思峰,施琴芬.基于产业集群的知识创新体系与知识转移研究.企业经济, 2007, (3): 33-35
[92]王娟茹.基于企业集群的隐性知识转移模型.管理工程学报, 2007,21(4): 35-38
[93]杨蕙馨,李贞.集群内知识转移对企业成长的作用机制.经济与管理研究, 2008, (4):12-17
[94] Roveda C, Vecchiato R. Foresight and innovation in the context of industrial clusters: The case of some Italian districts. Technological Forcasting and Social Change, 2008, 75(6): 817-833
[95] Waters R, Smith H L. Social networks in high-technology local economies-the cases of oxfordshire and cambridgeshire. Euopean Urban and Regional Studies, 2008, 15(1): 21-37
[96]唐方成,席酋民.知识转移与网络组织的动力学行为研究.系统工程理论与实践, 2006 (5) : 122-127
[97]李金华.非正式创新网络的演化模型.科技管理研究, 2007, 27(9): 4-6
[98]张永宁,陈磊.基于知识转移的企业创新网络建构原则.中国建材, 2007, (12): 57-60
[99] Schutte C S L, du Preez N D. Knowledge networks for managing innovation projects. Portland International Conference on Mangement of Engineering & Technology, 2008, 1-5: 529-545
[100] Szulanski G, Jensen R J. Growing through copying: the negative consequences of innovation on franchise network growth. Research Policy, 2008, 37(10): 1732-1741
[101] Bass F M. A new product growth model for consumer durables. Management Science, 1969, 15(5): 215-227
[102] Jun D B,Kim S K, et al. Forecasting telecommunication service subscrbers and substitutive and competitive environments. International Journal of forecasting,2002, 18(4) : 561-581
[103]刘洪.企业R&D投入与产出之间的非线性关系分析.科研管理, 1997, 18(5): 39-44
[104]胡秋实,梅静,宋化民.企业技术创新系统动力学分析.科技管理研究. 2001, (5): 14-16
[105]陈敬东,刘晨光.生产方式演进的动力学模型与机理.数量经济技术经济研究, 2002 , (11) : 81-84
[106]叶金国,张世英.企业技术创新过程的自组织与演化模型.科学学与科学技术管理, 2002, (12): 74-77
[107]陈功玉.企业技术创新行为非线性系统的动力学分析.系统工程,2005,23(12) : 74-78
[108]文丰,王玉.企业持续技术创新的路径及传导机理.经济管理, 2006, (7): 39-44
[109]刘楠.基于系统动力学的企业创新观点.科技与管理,2007,(3): 18-20
[110]刘俊杰,傅毓维.基于系统动力学的高技术企业创新环境研究.科技管理研究, 2007, 2007, 27(12): 24-26,33
[111]孙晓华,杨彬.企业自主创新的系统动力学分析.系统科学学报, 2007, 16(1): 71-74
[112]胡实秋,宋化民等.高技术产业发展的系统动力学研究.科技进步与对策, 2001, 18(12) :87-89
[113]毛凯军,田敏,许庆瑞.基于复杂系统理论的企业集群进化动力研究.科研管理, 2004, 25(4):110-115
[114]宁钟,刘学应.产业集群演进的系统动力学分析.预测, 2004, 23(2):66-69
[115]李勇,史占中,屠梅曾.等企业集群中的创新传播动力学研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2005, 26(5): 77-80
[116]王琛,王效俐.产业集群技术创新协同过程及机制研究.科学管理研究, 2007, 25(5): 22-25
[117]孙晓华,原毅军.产业集聚效应的系统动力学模型研究.经济与管理, 2007, 21(5): 10-13
[118]王灏晨,夏国平.基于系统动力学的广西区域创新系统研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2008, 29(6): 66-71
[119] Kash D E, Rycroft R W. Patterns of innovating complex technologies: a framework for adaptive network stragegies. Research Policy, 2000,29 (7-8):819-831
[120] Ingrid H S, Andrea S, et al.. Modelling self-organization and innovation processes in networks .arXiv:cond-0406425,2004
[121] Rycroft R W, Kash D E. Self-organization innovation networks:implications forglobalization[J].Technovation, 2004, 24(3): 187-197
[122]姜照华.产业集群条件下知识供应链与知识网络的动力学模型探讨.科学学与科学技术管理. 2004, (7):55-60
[123]李守伟,钱省三.产业网络的复杂性研究与实证.科学学研究, 2006, 24(4):529-533
[124]黄小洁.网络经济正反馈系统动力学模型分析.价值工程, 2006, (5):80-82
[125]彭志高,滕春贤.基于系统动力学的供应链网络仿真模型的研究.哈尔滨理工大学学报. 2007, 12(2): 153-156
[126]王其藩.高级系统动力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1995,91-92
[127] Penrose E T. The theory of the growth of the firm oxford (UK): Brasil Blackwell, 1959,92-105
[128] Kogut B, Zander U. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of International Business Studies, 1993, 24: 625-645
[129] Marshall A. Principles of economics. London: Macmillan, 1965,55-56
[130] Solow R M. A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1956, 70:65-94
[131] Romer P M. Increasing returns and long-run growth journal of political economy , 1986, 94:1002-1037
[132] Sveiby K E, Cortada J W, Woods J A. Tacit knowledge. The Knowledge Management Yearbook (1999- 2000). Butterworth Heinemann, 1999,18-27
[133] Nonaka I. The knowledge-creating company. Harvard Business Review, 1991, Nov/Dec:96-104
[134] Jensen M C, Meckling W H., Sepcific and general knowledge, and organizational structure, contract economics. Oxford: Lars Werin and Hans Wijkander, eds., 1992: 251-274
[135] Tarun Khanna, Ranjay Gulati, Nitin Nohria. The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation, and relative scope. Strategic Management Journal. 1998, 19(3), 193-210
[136]张永宁,陈磊.基于知识转移的企业创新网络研究: [武汉理工大学博士学生论文].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2008: 25-74
[137] Cohen W M. Levinthal D. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation [J]. Adminitrative Science Quarterly, 1990, 35: 128-152
[138]彭灿.区域创新系统内部知识转移的障碍分析与对策.科学学研究, 2003, 21(1): 107-111
[139] Yli-Renko H, Autio E, Sapienza H J. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, andknowledge exploitation in youn technology-based firms. Strategic Management Journal, 2001, 22:587-613
[140] Hansen M T.The search-transfer problem: The role of weak tie in sharing knowledge across organization subunits.Administrative Science Quanerly,1999,44(1):82-111
[141] Myrna, Gilbert and Martyn, Gordey- Hayes. Understanding the process of knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation .Technovation, 1996, 6(16) : 301- 312
[142]谭大鹏,霍国庆.知识转移一般过程研究.当代经济管理,2006,(3):11-14
[143]谢富纪.技术转移与技术交易.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006:19-28
[144]王兆祥.知识转移过程的层次模型.中国管理科学2006,(3): 122-127
[145] Schienstock G, Hamalainen T. Transformation of the finish innovation system: a network approach, in sitra reports series 7. Helsinki: Kaitila, 2001, 21, 27-28,70-93
[146]王文瑞.技术标准战略的目的何在?河南科技,2002, (12):14-15
[147] Lea G, Hall P. Standards and intellectual property rights: an economic and legal perspective. Information Economics and Policy, 2004 (16):67–89
[148] Farrell J. Choosing the rules for formal standardization. University of California, Berkeley(Committee),January 1996:1-28
[149]谢伟.政府管理和信息产业的技术标准.软科学, 2004, (4):1-3
[150]叶林威,戚昌文.技术标准战略在企业中的运用.世界标准化与质量管理, 2003,(2) :13-15
[151]潘海波,金雪军.技术标准与技术创新协同发展关系研究.中国软科学,2003, (10):110-114
[152] Keil T. De-facto standardization through alliances-lessons from Bluetooth. Telecommunications Policy, 2002, (26):205-213
[153]洪道聪.孤芳自赏的中国标准.产权市场,http://www.ccmedu.com/bbs19_34003.html , 2006-12-5
[154]许庆瑞.研究、发展与技术创新管理.北京:高等教育出版社,2000,25-36
[155]胡婉丽,汤书昆.基于研发过程的知识创造和知识转移.科学学与科学技术管理, 2004, 25(1):20-23
[156]孙耀吾,曾德明.基于技术标准的高技术企业技术创新网络发展研究: [湖南大学博士论文].长沙:湖南大学工商管理学院, 2007, 86-89
[157] Knut B, Nikolaus Thumm. Interrelation between patenting and standardisation strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications. Research Policy 2004, (33):1583-1598
[158] Windrum P. Leveraging technological externalities in complex technologies: Microsoft’s exploitation of standards in the browser wars. Research Policy, 2004, (33):385-394
[159] Nurton J. Cisco sets the standards. Managing Intellectual Property, 2005, 151:29-30
[160]焦立坤.高通再举专利大棒,中国3G专利谈判陷入僵局.北京晨报,http://article.pchome.net/content-53580.html , 2005-03-30
[161] Bekkers R, Duysters G, Verspagen B. Intellectual property rights, strategic technology agreements and market structure: the case of GSM. Research Policy, 2002, (31):1141-1161
[162] Forrester J W. Principles of system. Cambridge:The MIT press,1968,36-38
[163] Lerner J A. Grundxuege der kybemetik. Berlin: Winter Vieweg, 1971,55-59
[164] Frank H G. Kybermetik und philisophie. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot,1966, 40-42
[165] Nelson R R. Research on productivity growth and productivity differences: dead ends and new departures. Journal of Economic Literature, 1981,19(3): 1029-1064
[166] Romer P. Ideas and things. The Economist, 1993, (11):70-72
[167]周青,曾德明.高技术企业协作R&D网络及其协调管理研究:[湖南大学博士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学工商管理学院, 2005,21-22
[168]陆芳,方志耕.高校科研合作网络模型构建及其知识流动研究:[南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2007,15
[169] Kogut B, Zander U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 1992, 3 (3): 383-397
[170] Adam J. Real effects of academic research.American Economic Review, 1989, 79: 957-970
[171] Langlois R N. Technological standards, innovation, and essential facilities: toward a schumpeterian post-chicago approach. Paper for the George Mason University conference on Dynamic Competition and Antitrust, December 1999:1-55
[172] Higuchi T, Troutt M D. Dynamic simulation of the supply chain for a short life cycle product lessons from the tamagotchi case. Computers & Operations Research, 2004, 31:1097-1114
[173] Anderson E C, Morrice D J. A simulation game for service-oriented supply chain management: does information sharing help managers with service capacity decisions? The Journal of Production and Operations Management. Spring 2000, 9(1): 40-55
[174] Wilson M C. Operational improvements in the supply chain: who benefits? Who loses? ie.d.umn.edu/Faculty/Wilson/operatio.pdf
[175] Ventana Systems. Vensim Ple Help. USA: Jacob Gates Road Harvard MA 01451, 1998,1-15
[176] Swann P. Standards and trade performance: the UK experience.The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, September 1996, (106):1297-1313
[177]易红郡.英国大学与产业界之间的“伙伴关系”.清华大学教育研究, 2004, 25(1) : 71-77
[178]王俊峰,樊立宏,杨起全.发达国家国立研究机构的宏观治理结构与改革趋势.中国科技论坛, 2005(6) : 235-139
[179]黄瑞华,祁红梅,彭晓春.基于合作创新的知识产权共享伙伴选择分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(11): 24-28
[180] Martin X, Salomon R. Knowledge transfer capacity and its implications for the theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of International Business Studies, 2003, (34): 356-373
[181] Mowery D E, Oxley J E, Silverman B S. Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(Winter):77-91
[182] Rosenberg N, Frischtak C. In: Rosenberg N, Frischtak C (eds). International technology transfer: concepts, measures and comparison. NewYork: Praeger, 1991,33-35
[183] Agmon T, Glinow M A V. Technology transfer in international business. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1991,78-86
[184] Gambardella A. Competitive advantages from in-house scientific research: the U.S. pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s. Research Policy, 1992, (21):391-407
[185] Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 2001, 44(5):996-1004
[186] Makhija M V, Ganesh U. The relationship between control and partner learning in learningrelated joint ventures. Organization Science, 1997, 8(5)508-527
[187] Dougherty D, Hardy G. Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 1996, 39: 1120-1153
[188] Ibarra H. Network, centrality, power and innovation involvement: determinants of technical and administrative roles. Academy of Management Journal, 1993,36: 471-501
[189] Van de Ven A H. Gentral problems in the management of innovation.Management Science, 1986, 32(5): 590- 607
[190] Goleman J S. Foundations of social theory. Gambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1990, 20-25
[191] Tsai W, Ghoshal S. Social capital and value creation: the role of intrafirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 41: 464-476
[192]汤建影,黄瑞华.研发联盟企业间知识共享影响因素的实证研究.预测2005(5):20-25
[193]曹兴,郭然.知识转移影响因素研究及其展望.中南大学学报(社会科学版), 2008(2):231-236
[194]陈守煜.工程模糊集理论与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1998,24-145
[195]薛粉梅,章文芳.浅析机会成本.商场现代化, 2009, (5): 73-73
[196]左美云.企业信息化主体间的六类知识转移.计算机系统应用, 2004, (8):72-74
[197] Reagans R, McEvily B. Network structure and knowledge transfer: the effects of cohesion and range. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2003, 48: 240-267
[198] Farzin Y, Huisman K, Kort P. Optimal timing of technology adoption. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 1998, 22: 779-199
[199] Doraszelski U. Innovations, improvements and the optimal adoption of new technology. Journal of Economic Dynamics&Control, 2004, 28: 1461-480
[200] Jensen R. Adoption and diffusion of an innovation of uncertain profitability. The Journal of Economic Theory, 1982, 29: 161-171
[201]代宏坤,徐玖平.含学习效应技术采纳时间的优化模型及模拟.管理科学学报, 2007, (5): 21-27
[202]金永红,吴江涛.企业自主知识产权战路管理研究:以上海为例.软科学, 2008, (8): 60-70
[203]孙耀吾,贺石中,曾德明.知识产权、基本要素与技术标准化合作.中国工业经济,2006,(4):81-87
[204]刘常勇,谢洪明.企业知识吸收能力的主要影响因素.科学学研究, 2003,(3):307-310
[205]张凤桐.产学研合作是提高自主创新能力的有效模式.太原科技2008,(9):3-5
[206]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所.跨国公司基本完成了在中国的专利布局.中国工业发展报告,北京:经济管理出版社, 2004,3-10
[207]中国标准化研究院.中国技术标准发展战略研究总报告.2006,1-25
[208]韩宇,赵黎明.知识转移及其分析方法研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学, 2004,176-177
[2]雷家骕,冯婉玲.高新技术创业管理.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002,4-5
[3] Cooke P. Strategies for regional innovation systems: learning transfer and applications. Policy Papers, United Nations Industrial Development Organixation. Vienna, 2003,1-38
[4] Teece D J. Technology transfer by multinational firms; the resource cost of transferring technological know-how. Econometric Journal, 1977, 87(346): 242-261
[5] Davenport T H, Prusak L. Working knowledge: how organization manage what they know. Boston: Harvard Business Sehool Press, 1998, 84-106
[6] Szulazki, G. Exploring internal stickiness: impediment to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(Winter Special Issue): 27-43
[7]张莉,齐中英,田也壮.知识转移的影响因素及转移过程研究.情报科学, 2007, 23 (11): 6-12
[8]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京:商务印书馆, 1990, 73-74
[9] Schumpeter J. The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Flarvard University Press, 1934, 51-66
[10] Rothwell R. Towards the fifth-generation innovation proeess. International Marketing Review, 1994, 11(1):7-31
[11] Powell W W. Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutieal industries. California Management Review 1998, 40(3): 228-240
[12]彭纪生,刘伯军.技术创新理论探源及本质界定.科技进步与对策, 2002, 19(12):101-107
[13] Pyka A. Innovation networks in economics: from the incentive-based to the knowledge-based approach. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2002, 5 (3):152-172
[14]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年). http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1026/4088001.html , 2006-02-09
[15]张华胜,薛澜.技术创新管理新范式:集成创新.中国软科学,2002,(12) :6-22
[16] Powell, W.W. Neither market nor hierarchy: network forms of organization.Research in Organization Behavior, 1990, (12):295-336
[17] Larsson K. Ecological and quantitative genetic processes in a population of the barnacle goose (branta leucopsis): [Ph.D. thesis].Sweden:Uppsala University, 1992,41-60
[18]曾德明,秦吉波,周青,陈立勇.高新技术企业R&D管理.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006,162-192
[19] Nelson R R, Winter S G.. An evolutionary thoery of economic change cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press中译本:经济变迁的演化理论.北京:商务印书馆,1997,44-58
[20] Alavi M, Leidner D E. Review: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 2001,25 (1): 107-132
[21]孟丁磊,王宇.国内知识管理理论的发展.现代情报,2007,(8):16-21
[22] Kenneth E B. Knowledge : its creation, distribution, and economic significance, Economics of Education Review,1984,3(2):159-160
[23] Hackbarth G. The impact of organizationtal memory on IT systems in proceedings of the fourth america’s conference on information systems, Hoadley, E. and Benbasat , I (eds. ) , Baltimore, MD , 1998, 591-593
[24]刘冀生,吴金希.论基于知识的企业核心竞争力与企业知识链管理.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2002, 17(1):71-75
[25] Skyrme D J. Developing a knowledge strategy. London (UK): The MIT Press , 2000,1-20
[26] Sveiby K E. The new organizational wealth: managing and measuring knowledge-based assets. San Francisco: Berrett - Koehler , 1997, 26-27
[27]安佰生,宋涛.国家标准化战略的经济学分析:[中国人民大学博士学位论文],北京, 2002, 5-7
[28]叶柏林.标准化经济效果基础.北京:中国标准出版社, 1984, 81-85
[29] Hawkins R, Skea J. Standards, innovation and competitiveness: the politics and economics of standards in natural and technical environmen, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK. Brookfield, US.1995, 2-4
[30] David P A, Greenstein S, The economics of compatibility standards: an introduction to recent research. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Volume 1, Issue 1 & 2, 1990, 3-41
[31] Cristiano A. Localized technological change and the evolution of standards as economic institutions, Information Economics and policy, 1994,6(3-4):195-216
[32] Katz M L, Shapiro C. Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility. TheAmerican Economic Review, June 1985, 75,(3):424-440
[33] Knut B. The economics of standards: theory, evidence, policy. UK:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2004,300-384
[34]泰勒尔著,张维迎等译.产业组织理论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998,538-539
[35] Katz M L, Shapiro C. Systems competition and network efects. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1994,8( 2):93-115
[36] Economides N. The economics of networks. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1996,14 (2):675-699
[37] Shapiro C,Varian H.信息规则.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000,161-162
[38]任红波,李鑫.网络产业竞争特性分析.中国软科学, 2001,(12):37-39
[39]王其藩.系统动力学.北京:清华大学出版社, 1998,1-4
[40] Forrester J W. Industrial dynamics. NewYork: M.I.T. Press, 1961,8-10
[41]刘秀新,舒华英.自主技术标准化对中国通信设备制造业经济增长贡献的研究: [北京邮电大学博士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学, 2006,107-117
[42] Freeman C.Networks of innovation: a synthesis of research issues. Research Policy, 1991, 20(5):499-514
[43] Imai K, Baba Y. Systemic innovation and cross-border networks: transcending markets and hierarchies to create a new techno-economic system. Paris: OECD,1991: 389-407
[44] Hakansson H. Industrial technological development: a network approach. London: Croom Helm, 1987, 21-25
[45]王大洲.企业创新网络的进化与治理:一个文献综述.科研管理,2001,22(5): 76-103
[46]陈新跃,杨德礼,董一哲.企业创新网络模式选择研究.科学管理研究,2002,20(6):13-16
[47]刘卫民,陈继祥.创新网络、复杂性技术及其激励性政策研究.中国科技论坛,2004,(5):56-59
[48] Estades J, Ramani S. V.Technological competence and influence of networks: a comparative analysis of new biotechnological firms in france and britain.Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1998, 10(4): 483-495
[49] Michael Y, Yoshino U, Srinivasa Rangan. Strategic alliances: an entrepreneurial approach to globalization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1995, 125-128
[50]吴永忠.企业创新网络的形成及其演化.自然辩证法研究,2005, 21(9):69-72
[51]霍云福,陈新跃,杨德礼,董一哲.企业创新网络研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2002(10):50-53
[52]欧志明,张建华.企业网络组织演进及其类型研究.决策借鉴, 2002,15(1):2-6
[53]吴贵生,李纪珍.技术创新网络和技术外包.科研管理, 2000,21(4): 33-43
[54] Tracey P, Clark G. Perspective-alliances, networks and competitive strategy: rethinking cluster of innovation.Growth and Change, 34 (1):1-16
[55]江小娟.理解科技全球化.管理世界, 2004, (6):4-13,155
[56] Vemon R., International investment and international trade in the product cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1966,80(2):190-207
[57] Caves R, Multinational enterprise and economic analysis (First and Second.). Oxford : Cambridge University press, 1982,1996,3-5
[58] Morrison B. Conrigurations of strategy and structure in subsidiaries of multinational corportions. Journal of international business studies,1995, 26(1):729-753
[59] Ghoshal S, Korine H, Szulanski G. Interunit communication in multinational corporations, Management Science, 1994,40(1):96-110
[60] Teece D J .Stragies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structure and industrial context. Long Rang Planning, 2000,33:35-54
[61] Dixon N M. Common knowledge: how companies thrive by sharing what they know. Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 2000,85-87
[62] Szulanski G. The process of knowledge transfer: a diachronic analysis of stickiness, Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 2000, 82(1): 9-27
[63] Kane A A, et al. Knowledge transfer between groups via personnel rotation: effects of social identity and knowledge quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2005, (96) : 56-71
[64] Lahti R K, Beyerlein M M. Knowledge transfer and management consulting: a look at the firm. Business Horizon, 2000, 43 (1) : 5-74
[65] Li L. The effects of trust and shared vision on inward knowledge transfer in subsidiaries’intra- and inter-organizational relationships. International Business Review, 2005, (14) : 77-95
[66] Tang F C, et al. Estimating the effect of organizational structure on knowledge transfer: a neural network approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 2006 (30) : 796-800
[67] Davenport T H, Prusak L. Working knowledge: how organizations manage what the known. Boston: Harvard business school press, 1998,33-58
[68] Louis M, Sutton R. Switching cognitive gears: from habits of mind to active thinking. Human Relations,1991,44(1):55-76
[69] Gersick C, Hackman J. Habitual routines in rask-performing groups, Californiamanagement review, 1990,32(4):56-70
[70] Szulanski G. Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm, Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(summer special issue): 27-43.
[71] Rubenstein A H. Managing technology in the decentralizaed firm. New York: Wiley,1989,33-45
[72]伍晓玲,周明.组织内部的知识转移及其困难研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2004 (2) : 68-71
[73]王君,樊治平.一种基于Multiagent的知识转移模型框架.东北大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 24 (2) : 94-97
[74]易法敏.核心能力导向的企业知识转移与创新研究.北京:中国经济出版社, 2006,134
[75]胡汉辉,潘安成.组织知识转移与学习能力的系统研究.管理科学学报, 2006, 9 (3) : 81-87
[76] Simonin B L. Ambiguity and the transfer of knowledge in strategic alliances.Strategic Management Journal, 1999, 20:595-623
[77] Hamel G. Competition for competence and inter-partner learning within international strategic alliance. Strategic Management Journal, 1991, 12: 83-103
[78] Choi D. et al. Latecomer strategies: evidence from the semicondutor industry in Japan and Korea. Organization Science, 1998, 9: 489-505
[79] Baughn C C, Denekamp J G, Stevens J H, Osborn R N. Protecting intellectual capital in international alliances. Journal of World Business, 1997, 32(2): 103-117
[80] Contractor N S, Monge P R. Managing knowledge networks. Management Communication Quarterly, 2002,16(2): 249-258
[81] Simonin B L et.al. An enpirical investigation of the process of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances. Journal of International Business Studies, 2004, 35(5):407-427
[82]张睿,于渤.技术联盟知识转移影响因素实证研究.科学学研究, 2008, 26(5) :1024-1030,937
[83]李琳,方先知.产学研知识联盟与社会资本.科技进步与对策, 2005 (8): 5-8.
[84]吴翠花,王三义,刘新梅,万威武.联盟网络社会资本对知识转移影响路径研究.科学学研究, 2008, 26(5):1031-1036
[85] Inkpen A C. Learning and knowledge acquisition through international strategic alliances. Academy of Management Executive, 1998, 12(4):69-80
[86]骆品亮,周勇,郭晖.虚拟研发组织的知识转移机制研究:一个文献综述.研究与发展管理, 2004, 16 (5) :18-25.
[87]林莉.知识联盟中知识转移的张安因素及应对策略分析.科技导报, 2004 (4): 29-32
[88]朱伟民.高新技术产业集群中的知识转移.郑州轻工业学院学报:社会科学版, 2005, 6 (4) : 38-41
[89]徐占忱,何明升.知识转移障碍纾解与集群企业学习能力构成研究.情报科学, 2005, 23 (5) : 659-663
[90]冯锋,王凯.产业集群内知识转移的小世界网络模型分析.科学学与科学技术管理, 2007, 28(7): 88-91
[91]吴洁,刘思峰,施琴芬.基于产业集群的知识创新体系与知识转移研究.企业经济, 2007, (3): 33-35
[92]王娟茹.基于企业集群的隐性知识转移模型.管理工程学报, 2007,21(4): 35-38
[93]杨蕙馨,李贞.集群内知识转移对企业成长的作用机制.经济与管理研究, 2008, (4):12-17
[94] Roveda C, Vecchiato R. Foresight and innovation in the context of industrial clusters: The case of some Italian districts. Technological Forcasting and Social Change, 2008, 75(6): 817-833
[95] Waters R, Smith H L. Social networks in high-technology local economies-the cases of oxfordshire and cambridgeshire. Euopean Urban and Regional Studies, 2008, 15(1): 21-37
[96]唐方成,席酋民.知识转移与网络组织的动力学行为研究.系统工程理论与实践, 2006 (5) : 122-127
[97]李金华.非正式创新网络的演化模型.科技管理研究, 2007, 27(9): 4-6
[98]张永宁,陈磊.基于知识转移的企业创新网络建构原则.中国建材, 2007, (12): 57-60
[99] Schutte C S L, du Preez N D. Knowledge networks for managing innovation projects. Portland International Conference on Mangement of Engineering & Technology, 2008, 1-5: 529-545
[100] Szulanski G, Jensen R J. Growing through copying: the negative consequences of innovation on franchise network growth. Research Policy, 2008, 37(10): 1732-1741
[101] Bass F M. A new product growth model for consumer durables. Management Science, 1969, 15(5): 215-227
[102] Jun D B,Kim S K, et al. Forecasting telecommunication service subscrbers and substitutive and competitive environments. International Journal of forecasting,2002, 18(4) : 561-581
[103]刘洪.企业R&D投入与产出之间的非线性关系分析.科研管理, 1997, 18(5): 39-44
[104]胡秋实,梅静,宋化民.企业技术创新系统动力学分析.科技管理研究. 2001, (5): 14-16
[105]陈敬东,刘晨光.生产方式演进的动力学模型与机理.数量经济技术经济研究, 2002 , (11) : 81-84
[106]叶金国,张世英.企业技术创新过程的自组织与演化模型.科学学与科学技术管理, 2002, (12): 74-77
[107]陈功玉.企业技术创新行为非线性系统的动力学分析.系统工程,2005,23(12) : 74-78
[108]文丰,王玉.企业持续技术创新的路径及传导机理.经济管理, 2006, (7): 39-44
[109]刘楠.基于系统动力学的企业创新观点.科技与管理,2007,(3): 18-20
[110]刘俊杰,傅毓维.基于系统动力学的高技术企业创新环境研究.科技管理研究, 2007, 2007, 27(12): 24-26,33
[111]孙晓华,杨彬.企业自主创新的系统动力学分析.系统科学学报, 2007, 16(1): 71-74
[112]胡实秋,宋化民等.高技术产业发展的系统动力学研究.科技进步与对策, 2001, 18(12) :87-89
[113]毛凯军,田敏,许庆瑞.基于复杂系统理论的企业集群进化动力研究.科研管理, 2004, 25(4):110-115
[114]宁钟,刘学应.产业集群演进的系统动力学分析.预测, 2004, 23(2):66-69
[115]李勇,史占中,屠梅曾.等企业集群中的创新传播动力学研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2005, 26(5): 77-80
[116]王琛,王效俐.产业集群技术创新协同过程及机制研究.科学管理研究, 2007, 25(5): 22-25
[117]孙晓华,原毅军.产业集聚效应的系统动力学模型研究.经济与管理, 2007, 21(5): 10-13
[118]王灏晨,夏国平.基于系统动力学的广西区域创新系统研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2008, 29(6): 66-71
[119] Kash D E, Rycroft R W. Patterns of innovating complex technologies: a framework for adaptive network stragegies. Research Policy, 2000,29 (7-8):819-831
[120] Ingrid H S, Andrea S, et al.. Modelling self-organization and innovation processes in networks .arXiv:cond-0406425,2004
[121] Rycroft R W, Kash D E. Self-organization innovation networks:implications forglobalization[J].Technovation, 2004, 24(3): 187-197
[122]姜照华.产业集群条件下知识供应链与知识网络的动力学模型探讨.科学学与科学技术管理. 2004, (7):55-60
[123]李守伟,钱省三.产业网络的复杂性研究与实证.科学学研究, 2006, 24(4):529-533
[124]黄小洁.网络经济正反馈系统动力学模型分析.价值工程, 2006, (5):80-82
[125]彭志高,滕春贤.基于系统动力学的供应链网络仿真模型的研究.哈尔滨理工大学学报. 2007, 12(2): 153-156
[126]王其藩.高级系统动力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1995,91-92
[127] Penrose E T. The theory of the growth of the firm oxford (UK): Brasil Blackwell, 1959,92-105
[128] Kogut B, Zander U. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of International Business Studies, 1993, 24: 625-645
[129] Marshall A. Principles of economics. London: Macmillan, 1965,55-56
[130] Solow R M. A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1956, 70:65-94
[131] Romer P M. Increasing returns and long-run growth journal of political economy , 1986, 94:1002-1037
[132] Sveiby K E, Cortada J W, Woods J A. Tacit knowledge. The Knowledge Management Yearbook (1999- 2000). Butterworth Heinemann, 1999,18-27
[133] Nonaka I. The knowledge-creating company. Harvard Business Review, 1991, Nov/Dec:96-104
[134] Jensen M C, Meckling W H., Sepcific and general knowledge, and organizational structure, contract economics. Oxford: Lars Werin and Hans Wijkander, eds., 1992: 251-274
[135] Tarun Khanna, Ranjay Gulati, Nitin Nohria. The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation, and relative scope. Strategic Management Journal. 1998, 19(3), 193-210
[136]张永宁,陈磊.基于知识转移的企业创新网络研究: [武汉理工大学博士学生论文].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2008: 25-74
[137] Cohen W M. Levinthal D. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation [J]. Adminitrative Science Quarterly, 1990, 35: 128-152
[138]彭灿.区域创新系统内部知识转移的障碍分析与对策.科学学研究, 2003, 21(1): 107-111
[139] Yli-Renko H, Autio E, Sapienza H J. Social capital, knowledge acquisition, andknowledge exploitation in youn technology-based firms. Strategic Management Journal, 2001, 22:587-613
[140] Hansen M T.The search-transfer problem: The role of weak tie in sharing knowledge across organization subunits.Administrative Science Quanerly,1999,44(1):82-111
[141] Myrna, Gilbert and Martyn, Gordey- Hayes. Understanding the process of knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation .Technovation, 1996, 6(16) : 301- 312
[142]谭大鹏,霍国庆.知识转移一般过程研究.当代经济管理,2006,(3):11-14
[143]谢富纪.技术转移与技术交易.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006:19-28
[144]王兆祥.知识转移过程的层次模型.中国管理科学2006,(3): 122-127
[145] Schienstock G, Hamalainen T. Transformation of the finish innovation system: a network approach, in sitra reports series 7. Helsinki: Kaitila, 2001, 21, 27-28,70-93
[146]王文瑞.技术标准战略的目的何在?河南科技,2002, (12):14-15
[147] Lea G, Hall P. Standards and intellectual property rights: an economic and legal perspective. Information Economics and Policy, 2004 (16):67–89
[148] Farrell J. Choosing the rules for formal standardization. University of California, Berkeley(Committee),January 1996:1-28
[149]谢伟.政府管理和信息产业的技术标准.软科学, 2004, (4):1-3
[150]叶林威,戚昌文.技术标准战略在企业中的运用.世界标准化与质量管理, 2003,(2) :13-15
[151]潘海波,金雪军.技术标准与技术创新协同发展关系研究.中国软科学,2003, (10):110-114
[152] Keil T. De-facto standardization through alliances-lessons from Bluetooth. Telecommunications Policy, 2002, (26):205-213
[153]洪道聪.孤芳自赏的中国标准.产权市场,http://www.ccmedu.com/bbs19_34003.html , 2006-12-5
[154]许庆瑞.研究、发展与技术创新管理.北京:高等教育出版社,2000,25-36
[155]胡婉丽,汤书昆.基于研发过程的知识创造和知识转移.科学学与科学技术管理, 2004, 25(1):20-23
[156]孙耀吾,曾德明.基于技术标准的高技术企业技术创新网络发展研究: [湖南大学博士论文].长沙:湖南大学工商管理学院, 2007, 86-89
[157] Knut B, Nikolaus Thumm. Interrelation between patenting and standardisation strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications. Research Policy 2004, (33):1583-1598
[158] Windrum P. Leveraging technological externalities in complex technologies: Microsoft’s exploitation of standards in the browser wars. Research Policy, 2004, (33):385-394
[159] Nurton J. Cisco sets the standards. Managing Intellectual Property, 2005, 151:29-30
[160]焦立坤.高通再举专利大棒,中国3G专利谈判陷入僵局.北京晨报,http://article.pchome.net/content-53580.html , 2005-03-30
[161] Bekkers R, Duysters G, Verspagen B. Intellectual property rights, strategic technology agreements and market structure: the case of GSM. Research Policy, 2002, (31):1141-1161
[162] Forrester J W. Principles of system. Cambridge:The MIT press,1968,36-38
[163] Lerner J A. Grundxuege der kybemetik. Berlin: Winter Vieweg, 1971,55-59
[164] Frank H G. Kybermetik und philisophie. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot,1966, 40-42
[165] Nelson R R. Research on productivity growth and productivity differences: dead ends and new departures. Journal of Economic Literature, 1981,19(3): 1029-1064
[166] Romer P. Ideas and things. The Economist, 1993, (11):70-72
[167]周青,曾德明.高技术企业协作R&D网络及其协调管理研究:[湖南大学博士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学工商管理学院, 2005,21-22
[168]陆芳,方志耕.高校科研合作网络模型构建及其知识流动研究:[南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2007,15
[169] Kogut B, Zander U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 1992, 3 (3): 383-397
[170] Adam J. Real effects of academic research.American Economic Review, 1989, 79: 957-970
[171] Langlois R N. Technological standards, innovation, and essential facilities: toward a schumpeterian post-chicago approach. Paper for the George Mason University conference on Dynamic Competition and Antitrust, December 1999:1-55
[172] Higuchi T, Troutt M D. Dynamic simulation of the supply chain for a short life cycle product lessons from the tamagotchi case. Computers & Operations Research, 2004, 31:1097-1114
[173] Anderson E C, Morrice D J. A simulation game for service-oriented supply chain management: does information sharing help managers with service capacity decisions? The Journal of Production and Operations Management. Spring 2000, 9(1): 40-55
[174] Wilson M C. Operational improvements in the supply chain: who benefits? Who loses? ie.d.umn.edu/Faculty/Wilson/operatio.pdf
[175] Ventana Systems. Vensim Ple Help. USA: Jacob Gates Road Harvard MA 01451, 1998,1-15
[176] Swann P. Standards and trade performance: the UK experience.The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, September 1996, (106):1297-1313
[177]易红郡.英国大学与产业界之间的“伙伴关系”.清华大学教育研究, 2004, 25(1) : 71-77
[178]王俊峰,樊立宏,杨起全.发达国家国立研究机构的宏观治理结构与改革趋势.中国科技论坛, 2005(6) : 235-139
[179]黄瑞华,祁红梅,彭晓春.基于合作创新的知识产权共享伙伴选择分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(11): 24-28
[180] Martin X, Salomon R. Knowledge transfer capacity and its implications for the theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of International Business Studies, 2003, (34): 356-373
[181] Mowery D E, Oxley J E, Silverman B S. Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(Winter):77-91
[182] Rosenberg N, Frischtak C. In: Rosenberg N, Frischtak C (eds). International technology transfer: concepts, measures and comparison. NewYork: Praeger, 1991,33-35
[183] Agmon T, Glinow M A V. Technology transfer in international business. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1991,78-86
[184] Gambardella A. Competitive advantages from in-house scientific research: the U.S. pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s. Research Policy, 1992, (21):391-407
[185] Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 2001, 44(5):996-1004
[186] Makhija M V, Ganesh U. The relationship between control and partner learning in learningrelated joint ventures. Organization Science, 1997, 8(5)508-527
[187] Dougherty D, Hardy G. Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 1996, 39: 1120-1153
[188] Ibarra H. Network, centrality, power and innovation involvement: determinants of technical and administrative roles. Academy of Management Journal, 1993,36: 471-501
[189] Van de Ven A H. Gentral problems in the management of innovation.Management Science, 1986, 32(5): 590- 607
[190] Goleman J S. Foundations of social theory. Gambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1990, 20-25
[191] Tsai W, Ghoshal S. Social capital and value creation: the role of intrafirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 41: 464-476
[192]汤建影,黄瑞华.研发联盟企业间知识共享影响因素的实证研究.预测2005(5):20-25
[193]曹兴,郭然.知识转移影响因素研究及其展望.中南大学学报(社会科学版), 2008(2):231-236
[194]陈守煜.工程模糊集理论与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1998,24-145
[195]薛粉梅,章文芳.浅析机会成本.商场现代化, 2009, (5): 73-73
[196]左美云.企业信息化主体间的六类知识转移.计算机系统应用, 2004, (8):72-74
[197] Reagans R, McEvily B. Network structure and knowledge transfer: the effects of cohesion and range. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2003, 48: 240-267
[198] Farzin Y, Huisman K, Kort P. Optimal timing of technology adoption. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 1998, 22: 779-199
[199] Doraszelski U. Innovations, improvements and the optimal adoption of new technology. Journal of Economic Dynamics&Control, 2004, 28: 1461-480
[200] Jensen R. Adoption and diffusion of an innovation of uncertain profitability. The Journal of Economic Theory, 1982, 29: 161-171
[201]代宏坤,徐玖平.含学习效应技术采纳时间的优化模型及模拟.管理科学学报, 2007, (5): 21-27
[202]金永红,吴江涛.企业自主知识产权战路管理研究:以上海为例.软科学, 2008, (8): 60-70
[203]孙耀吾,贺石中,曾德明.知识产权、基本要素与技术标准化合作.中国工业经济,2006,(4):81-87
[204]刘常勇,谢洪明.企业知识吸收能力的主要影响因素.科学学研究, 2003,(3):307-310
[205]张凤桐.产学研合作是提高自主创新能力的有效模式.太原科技2008,(9):3-5
[206]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所.跨国公司基本完成了在中国的专利布局.中国工业发展报告,北京:经济管理出版社, 2004,3-10
[207]中国标准化研究院.中国技术标准发展战略研究总报告.2006,1-25
[208]韩宇,赵黎明.知识转移及其分析方法研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学, 2004,176-177