保水剂不同配比在岩壁复绿基质中的应用研究
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摘要
在室内大棚中,采用工程实践中常用的喷播基质材料和配比比例,并在控制其他基质材料比例一定的条件下,对保水剂含量设置了8个不同梯度,每个梯度均栽植4种植物种进行分析比较和研究,结果表明:
(1)添加一定量保水剂后,能有效改良基质结构,延长植物耐旱时间。不同保水剂含量对基质各项物理性质指标影响不相同,保水剂含量与基质总孔隙度显著正相关,与基质容重显著负相关。
(2)保水剂含量小于0.3%时,基质抗冲性指数、抗剪切强度、种子发芽率和苗高均随保水剂含量增加而增强或增大;等于0.3%时,达到最大峰值;大于0.3%时,反而下降。
(3)总体上,保水剂含量越高,相同干旱时间内含水量越高,幼苗枯萎率越低。萌发期,白三叶、紫穗槐、波斯菊和黑麦草,分别在连旱后的第43、44、30和40d水分散失量趋向于0,此时各植物种的枯萎率已经分别达到了80%、75%、95%和80%,大部分已经枯萎并死亡;
(4)各植物种12:00～16:00时间段内基质失水量最多,其次是8:00～12:00,夜间无冷凝现象,但仍有较高失水量;基质0～5cm层初始含水量最高,但失水速率快,连旱20d后,基质各层次含水量大小为5～10cm>10～15cm>0～5cm。
(5)8个不同保水剂梯度基本分为四个类别组:第一组0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%;第二组,0.2%和0.3%;第三组,05%;第四组,1%;Topsis法综合评价保水剂含量的最优区间为0.2%～0.3%,较差区间或梯度为0.5%～1%和0%。
The experimental was in greenhouse and used common base materials and rate which being used in project practices. The Water Holding Agent was sated eight gradients, and the other materials were controlled in the same rate. Research and analysis the base materials with different gradients of Water Holding Agent and four different plants, the results showed that:
(1)Adding a certain quantity of Water Holding Agent could improve the structure of base material and prolong the drought tolerance time of plants. Different Water Holding Agent contents had different influences of physical properties of base material. Water Holding Agent contents had a significant positive correlation with total porosity, and significant negative correlation with bulk density of the base materials.
(2)Anti-scouring index, shear strength, germination rate and seedling height would be enhancing or higher with Water Holding Agent contents increasing when the contents less than 0.3%, at he summit when the content was 0.3% and be decreasing with contents increasing when the contents more than 0.3%.
(3)Generally, the higher of the Water Holding Agent contents, the higher of the water contents, the lower of wither rate of the same plant in the same drought times. In germination stage, after forty-three, forty-four, thirty and forty drought days, the Trrifolium repens L., Amorpha fruticosa, Cosmos bipinnatus Cav and Lolium perenne would almost have no water to lose, the evaporation tended to zero, the wither rates were: 80%, 75%, 95% and 80%, and most of them had already dead.
(5)Water losing of the base material was highest in 12:00-16:00, and second highest in 8:00-12:00 in one day. There was water losing but no condensation at night in greenhouse. 0-5cm base material layers had highest initial water content, but it also had the fastest water losing rate. After twenty drought days , the water content sequence of different layers was : 5-10cm>10-15cm>0-5cm.
(6)The eight different gradients of Water Holding Agent could be defined four different groups: the first group include gradient 0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15%; the second group included gradient 0.2% and 0.3%; the third group was gradient 0.5%; the fourth was 1%. Using the Topsis comprehensive evaluation to analyze the optimum interval of Water Holding Agent contents was 0.15 %to 0.3%, and the inferior interval was 0.5% to 1% and gradient 0%.
(1)添加一定量保水剂后,能有效改良基质结构,延长植物耐旱时间。不同保水剂含量对基质各项物理性质指标影响不相同,保水剂含量与基质总孔隙度显著正相关,与基质容重显著负相关。
(2)保水剂含量小于0.3%时,基质抗冲性指数、抗剪切强度、种子发芽率和苗高均随保水剂含量增加而增强或增大;等于0.3%时,达到最大峰值;大于0.3%时,反而下降。
(3)总体上,保水剂含量越高,相同干旱时间内含水量越高,幼苗枯萎率越低。萌发期,白三叶、紫穗槐、波斯菊和黑麦草,分别在连旱后的第43、44、30和40d水分散失量趋向于0,此时各植物种的枯萎率已经分别达到了80%、75%、95%和80%,大部分已经枯萎并死亡;
(4)各植物种12:00～16:00时间段内基质失水量最多,其次是8:00～12:00,夜间无冷凝现象,但仍有较高失水量;基质0～5cm层初始含水量最高,但失水速率快,连旱20d后,基质各层次含水量大小为5～10cm>10～15cm>0～5cm。
(5)8个不同保水剂梯度基本分为四个类别组:第一组0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%;第二组,0.2%和0.3%;第三组,05%;第四组,1%;Topsis法综合评价保水剂含量的最优区间为0.2%～0.3%,较差区间或梯度为0.5%～1%和0%。
The experimental was in greenhouse and used common base materials and rate which being used in project practices. The Water Holding Agent was sated eight gradients, and the other materials were controlled in the same rate. Research and analysis the base materials with different gradients of Water Holding Agent and four different plants, the results showed that:
(1)Adding a certain quantity of Water Holding Agent could improve the structure of base material and prolong the drought tolerance time of plants. Different Water Holding Agent contents had different influences of physical properties of base material. Water Holding Agent contents had a significant positive correlation with total porosity, and significant negative correlation with bulk density of the base materials.
(2)Anti-scouring index, shear strength, germination rate and seedling height would be enhancing or higher with Water Holding Agent contents increasing when the contents less than 0.3%, at he summit when the content was 0.3% and be decreasing with contents increasing when the contents more than 0.3%.
(3)Generally, the higher of the Water Holding Agent contents, the higher of the water contents, the lower of wither rate of the same plant in the same drought times. In germination stage, after forty-three, forty-four, thirty and forty drought days, the Trrifolium repens L., Amorpha fruticosa, Cosmos bipinnatus Cav and Lolium perenne would almost have no water to lose, the evaporation tended to zero, the wither rates were: 80%, 75%, 95% and 80%, and most of them had already dead.
(5)Water losing of the base material was highest in 12:00-16:00, and second highest in 8:00-12:00 in one day. There was water losing but no condensation at night in greenhouse. 0-5cm base material layers had highest initial water content, but it also had the fastest water losing rate. After twenty drought days , the water content sequence of different layers was : 5-10cm>10-15cm>0-5cm.
(6)The eight different gradients of Water Holding Agent could be defined four different groups: the first group include gradient 0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15%; the second group included gradient 0.2% and 0.3%; the third group was gradient 0.5%; the fourth was 1%. Using the Topsis comprehensive evaluation to analyze the optimum interval of Water Holding Agent contents was 0.15 %to 0.3%, and the inferior interval was 0.5% to 1% and gradient 0%.
引文
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