几种草本植物护坡效果评价
摘要
近年来,我国基础设施建设得到了迅猛地发展。公路、铁路、水利等工程建设经常开挖大量的边坡,使边坡植被遭到严重破坏,易造成水土流失、滑坡、泥石流等生态环境问题,使用传统的工程护坡方式虽然抗冲刷能力强,但是经济性差、景观效果差,而使用植被护坡既能达到护坡目的,又能克服传统护坡方式的缺点。植被护坡是利用植被涵水固土的原理以达到减轻坡面的不稳定性和侵蚀,同时美化生态环境的一门新技术。
本文以东北林业大学实验林场兴安路公路边坡为试验地,根据东北地区的气候条件、一般公路边坡的土质条件等选取了5种常见的草本植物(紫羊茅、紫花苜蓿、白三叶、小冠花和草地早熟禾)进行种植,观测各种植物的生态适应性、固土能力,然后利用数学方法评价出各种植物的护坡效果。本文主要的工作如下:
(1)观测这些草本植物的发芽状况、生长速度、覆盖度、抗旱性、抗热性等指标,作为评价其护坡效果的重要指标。
(2)在尽量不破坏原状土的情况下,用环刀进行现场取样,然后进行大量含根土的直剪试验,测得不同植物含根土体的抗剪强度,从而得到不同植物根-土复合体的粘聚力和内摩擦角,并与不含根土的粘聚力和内摩擦角进行对比,评判这几种草本植物的固土能力。
(3)现场进行大量的原位抗拔试验,得出不同护坡草本植物的抗拔力,作为评判植物护坡效果的一个重要指标。
(4)根据各指标试验的结果,运用基于层次分析法的模糊综合评判方法对植被护坡效果进行综合评判,选出最适合于本文条件下的公路护坡植被。
通过试验最终得出紫花苜蓿和小冠花是作为本试验条件下护坡植物的首选,特别是紫花苜蓿;其次可以考虑白三叶;护坡效果最差的就是紫羊茅和草地早熟禾,最主要的原因就是在本试验条件下这两者的生态适应的能力较弱,而在较湿润地区可以考虑用作护坡植物。
In recent years, infrastructure construction gets rapid development in China. Highway, railway, water conservancy and other engineering construction often needs excavating a lot of slopes. The excavation destroys vegetation seriously, then leads to soil erosion, landslide, mud-rock flow and other ecological environment problems. Although anti-washout ability is good for traditional slope projection, the economy and landscape effect are bad. Using vegetation can protect slope, and overcome the shortcoming of traditional slope protection ways. Slope protection with vegetation is a new technology which is using vegetation to preserve water and soil, to reduce slope instability and corrosion, simultaneously beautify ecological environment.
This article takes Northeast Forestry University tree farm as an experimental field. According to climatic conditions of northeast area, soil conditions of highway slopes and other conditions, this text selects 5 different common herbs (Festuca rubra L., Medicago sativa L., Trrifolium repens L., Coronilla varia L., Poa pratensis L.) to plant, and observes ecology compatibility and preserving soil ability of each kind of plants, then uses mathematical method to appraise slope protection effect of each kind of plant. The main work of this article is :
(1) Observing germination, growth rate, coverage, drought resistance, thermal resistance and other indexes, then takes these as important indexes for slope protection effect evaluation.
(2) In the condition that it does not destroy the undisturbed soil as far as possible, using ring sampler to take soil samples which containing plant roots in site, then carries on massive direct shear tests and gets shear strength, at last, gets complex cohesive force and internal friction angle of different root-soil samples. Compare these with soil samples which not containing roots, and then evaluate presving soil ability of different herb.
(3) Carrying on massive drawing tests in site, obtains the anti-drawing strength of different herb, which is an important index for effect evaluation of slope protection.
(4) According to indexes, applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process to carry on comprehensive evaluation. At last, finds out the herb which is best suit for these conditions.
According to experiments, it comes to elusions that Medicago sativa L. and Coronilla varia L. are the first choices for slope protection in these conditions in the text, but Medicago sativa L. is better than Coronilla varia L.; then we can choose Trrifolium repens L. as slope protection plant; the slope protection effects of Festuca rubra L. and Poa pratensis L. are worse, the most main reason is that ecology compatible ability is weak under these conditions in the text, we may consider these plants as slope protection plants in the moist area.
本文以东北林业大学实验林场兴安路公路边坡为试验地,根据东北地区的气候条件、一般公路边坡的土质条件等选取了5种常见的草本植物(紫羊茅、紫花苜蓿、白三叶、小冠花和草地早熟禾)进行种植,观测各种植物的生态适应性、固土能力,然后利用数学方法评价出各种植物的护坡效果。本文主要的工作如下:
(1)观测这些草本植物的发芽状况、生长速度、覆盖度、抗旱性、抗热性等指标,作为评价其护坡效果的重要指标。
(2)在尽量不破坏原状土的情况下,用环刀进行现场取样,然后进行大量含根土的直剪试验,测得不同植物含根土体的抗剪强度,从而得到不同植物根-土复合体的粘聚力和内摩擦角,并与不含根土的粘聚力和内摩擦角进行对比,评判这几种草本植物的固土能力。
(3)现场进行大量的原位抗拔试验,得出不同护坡草本植物的抗拔力,作为评判植物护坡效果的一个重要指标。
(4)根据各指标试验的结果,运用基于层次分析法的模糊综合评判方法对植被护坡效果进行综合评判,选出最适合于本文条件下的公路护坡植被。
通过试验最终得出紫花苜蓿和小冠花是作为本试验条件下护坡植物的首选,特别是紫花苜蓿;其次可以考虑白三叶;护坡效果最差的就是紫羊茅和草地早熟禾,最主要的原因就是在本试验条件下这两者的生态适应的能力较弱,而在较湿润地区可以考虑用作护坡植物。
In recent years, infrastructure construction gets rapid development in China. Highway, railway, water conservancy and other engineering construction often needs excavating a lot of slopes. The excavation destroys vegetation seriously, then leads to soil erosion, landslide, mud-rock flow and other ecological environment problems. Although anti-washout ability is good for traditional slope projection, the economy and landscape effect are bad. Using vegetation can protect slope, and overcome the shortcoming of traditional slope protection ways. Slope protection with vegetation is a new technology which is using vegetation to preserve water and soil, to reduce slope instability and corrosion, simultaneously beautify ecological environment.
This article takes Northeast Forestry University tree farm as an experimental field. According to climatic conditions of northeast area, soil conditions of highway slopes and other conditions, this text selects 5 different common herbs (Festuca rubra L., Medicago sativa L., Trrifolium repens L., Coronilla varia L., Poa pratensis L.) to plant, and observes ecology compatibility and preserving soil ability of each kind of plants, then uses mathematical method to appraise slope protection effect of each kind of plant. The main work of this article is :
(1) Observing germination, growth rate, coverage, drought resistance, thermal resistance and other indexes, then takes these as important indexes for slope protection effect evaluation.
(2) In the condition that it does not destroy the undisturbed soil as far as possible, using ring sampler to take soil samples which containing plant roots in site, then carries on massive direct shear tests and gets shear strength, at last, gets complex cohesive force and internal friction angle of different root-soil samples. Compare these with soil samples which not containing roots, and then evaluate presving soil ability of different herb.
(3) Carrying on massive drawing tests in site, obtains the anti-drawing strength of different herb, which is an important index for effect evaluation of slope protection.
(4) According to indexes, applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process to carry on comprehensive evaluation. At last, finds out the herb which is best suit for these conditions.
According to experiments, it comes to elusions that Medicago sativa L. and Coronilla varia L. are the first choices for slope protection in these conditions in the text, but Medicago sativa L. is better than Coronilla varia L.; then we can choose Trrifolium repens L. as slope protection plant; the slope protection effects of Festuca rubra L. and Poa pratensis L. are worse, the most main reason is that ecology compatible ability is weak under these conditions in the text, we may consider these plants as slope protection plants in the moist area.
引文
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